- 735.00 KB
- 2022-06-24 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
代词(一)我要赶快学代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。今天我们着重来学习人称代词和物主代词。Part1人称代词1.什么是人称代词?其实就是表示“我,你,他,她,它,你们,他们”的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类,有单、复数之分。人称代词第一人称(我,我们)第二人称(你,你们)第三人称(除我、我们、你、你们之外)单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格IweyouYouhesheitthey宾格meusyouYouhimheritthem思考1:什么是主格?什么是宾格?主格就是做主语的人称代词,宾格就是做宾语的人称代词。\n思考2:什么是主语?什么是宾语?主语是动作的发出者、执行者,是句子描述的对象;宾语是动作的接受者、承受者。Examples:Iplaygames.我玩游戏。“我”是“玩”这个动作的发出者,因此“我”是主语,“游戏”是“玩”这个动作的承受者,是被“玩”的,因此“游戏”是宾语。找出以下句子中的主语和宾语。Heisadoctor.Youaremyhero.Itappearedinthe1990s.Theyloveapples.Whatisyourfather?Doyoulikecartoons?Whattimeisit?思考3:什么时候用主格?什么时候用宾格?当人称代词充当句子的主语时要用人称代词的主格,当人称代词充当句子的宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。此外,宾格形式也可充当介词的宾语。如:Hismotheriswaitingforhimoutside.Examples:用适当的人称代词填空。 __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________.(she)Exercise11. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia.(its)2. What day is __________ today? — __________ is Thursday.(its)3.__________ own a blue bike. (I)4. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.(them)5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________?(them)6. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. (she) 7. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at English .(he)8. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ?(she)9. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy.(it)\n2.多个人称代词连用时的排序两个以上的人称代词并用时,从礼貌上讲通常按下列排序:①单数代词:①you②he,she③I如:youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI.②复数:①we②you③they如:weandthey;weandyou;youandthey;we,youandthey.③第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后:heandshe④承认过失,表示不吉祥的事,或不好的意思时,单数按1、3、2人称排列,复数按3、2、1人称排列。如:I,heandyouwillbescoldedforbeinglate.They,youandweshouldleaveheratonce.ItwasIandTomthatbrokethewindow.⑤如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时,说成:Iandmychildren,Iandcat等。人称代词排序巧记口诀单数2、3、1,复数1、2、3,都是三人称,女后男在先。若是有过失,主动要承担。单数1、3、2,复数3、2、1,小辈与动物,我须放在前,人称排列好,夸你懂语言。Exercise2选择填空1. Who’s singing over there ? — ________ is Sandy’s sister.A. That B. It C. She D. This2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you3. Between you and ________, he is not a real friend.A. me B. I C. he D. his4. My uncle bought a new bike for ________.A. theirs B. they C. me D. I5. Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.A. he B. it C. she D. it’s6. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________.A. he B. his C. her D. him7. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________.\n A. he B. his C. him D. he’sPart2物主代词1.什么是物主代词?表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词,即“……的”。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词的形式如下:人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs2.物主代词用法形容词性物主代词在句中做定语,修饰名词,一般不单独使用。如:Hisparentsarebothofficeworkers.MynameisJack.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:Myideaisquitedifferentfromyours,名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示部分概念。如:Heisafriendofmine.(我的一个朋友)简而言之,形容词性物主代词用在名词前,不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,使用时后面不能再加名词。如:Thisismyschoolbag.Thatishisbike=Thatbikeishis.Exercise31. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.(I) Can I have one of ____ ?(you)2. George has lost ____(his) pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will lend him ____ .(she)3.Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ (he)dog and ____(I) had a fight (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ (he\n)5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us.(they)6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ .(we)Part3正误辩解1.[误]Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.[正]Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.2.[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.3.[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.4.[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.我学了什么1.什么是人称代词?什么是物主代词?举例说明。2.人称代词分为哪两类?物主代词分为哪两类?举例说明。3.人称代词什么时候用主格?什么时候用宾格?物主代词是么时候用形容词性?什么时候用名词性?举例说明。Exercise41.TomandMikearegoodfriends._____oftenhelpeachother.A.TheyB.ThemC.TheirD.Theirs2.---Isthatyourkey,Tim?---No.It’snot____.Ithinkit’sSam’s.A.IB.meC.myD.mine3.Maryisfriendly.I’dliketostudywith_______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself4.---MayIputthesebookshere,sir?---Yes,please.Justput____ontheshelf.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs\n5.Mymotherisamanager,and____worksinLenovoinZhongguancun.A.sheB.heC.herD.him6.---DoyouknowBob?---Sure.Iknoweverythingabout___.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself7.Songzuying’svoiceisverysweet.Ilike____songs.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself8.---Welcometoourhouse!---Oh,hownice!It’sbiggerthan____.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours9.---Hi,Mary!Willyoupleaseshow___yournewbag?---Ok.Hereyouare.A.IB.meC.myD.mine10.---Wouldyoulikegoforawalkwith___?---Sure,I’dloveto.A.IB.mineC.myD.me11.---Canyoutell__thewaytothestation?---Certainly.Gostraightonandturnleft.A.IB.mineC.meD.my12.---Mother’sDayiscoming.Whatwillyougivetoyourmother?---Iwillbuy___someflowers.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself13.Itisn’t___cellphone.Ileftitathome.A.mineB.meC.ID.my14.Manypeoplelost_____homesintheYushuEarthquake.A.theirB.theyC.themD.theirs15.MygrandparentsliveinShanghai.Theycometosee___twiceayear.A.weB.ourC.usD.ours代词(二)\n我要赶快学Part1反身代词1.什么是反身代词:表示“我(们)自己”、“你(们)自己”、“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。反身代词的形式如下:人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀反身代词构成并不难,单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前,其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变,f要用ves来替换。◆说明:1.反身代词单数词尾都有-self,复数词尾都有-selves。2.第三人称都由人称代词宾格+self或selves构成。第一、二人称反身代词都是形容词性物主代词+self或selves构成。2.反身代词用法(1)作宾语。反身代词作宾语的用法可以用中国的一句古话表示:“搬起石头砸了自己的脚”,也就是说动作的发出者是自己,动作的承受者也是自己。如:IteachmyselfEnglish.我自学英语。teach这个动作的发出者和承受者都是我。(2)做表语。I’mnotmyselftoday.我今天不大舒服。(3)做同位语Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。Youyourselfsaidso./Yousaidsoyourself.你自己是这样说的。\n3.反身代词的常用词组teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学Eg:IteachmyselfEnglish.=IlearnEnglishbymyself.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得高兴,过得愉快Eg:Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourselvesattheparty.helponeselfto随便吃、用Eg:Helpyourselftosomeorange.byoneself靠某人自己Ididmyhomeworkbymyselfyesterday.cometooneself苏醒Eg:Afteranoperation,Grandmacametoherselffinally.Exercise11.Imadethecakeby____________.Help__________,Tom.A.ourselves,yourselfB.myself,yourselfC.myself,youD.me,him2.Enjoy_____________,MayandMary.A.yourselfB.myselfC.yourselvesD.themselves3.Help__________tosomechicken,boysandgirls.A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.yourselves4.Whotaught______historylastyear?Nobody!Helearnedit_________.A.him,himselfB.his,himselfC.himself,himselfD.his,him5.Help_____tosomemeat,Mary.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.himselfPart2指示代词一、什么是指示代词?指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词例句单数thisThisgirlisMary.thatThatisMary.复数theseThesemenaremyteachers.thoseThosearemyteachers.2.指示代词的用法(1)this/these:\n①近指。Eg:Thisismypen.Thesearemypens.②指下文要提到的事。Eg:Pleaserememberthis:Nopains,nogains.(2)that/those:①远指。Eg:That’sherbike.②指前面刚刚提到的事。Eg:Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.扩展:this,that,it,one的区别“this”、“that”既可以作形容词,又可以作指示代词;而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词.指“物”1.“this”指近物,“that”指远物,“it”没有远近之分。如:Thisisacomputer.这是一台电脑。(在近处)Thatisabike.那是一辆自行车。(在远处)2.在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时,常用“it”代替“this”和“that”。如:-Isthis/thatacar?这/那是一辆小汽车吗?-Yes,itis./No,itisn′t.是的,它是。/不,它不是。-What′sthis/that?这/那是什么?-It′saruler.这/那是一把尺子。3.陈述在一起的两样东西时,应先说“this”,后说“that”。如:Thisisabook.Thatisapen.这是一本书,那是一枝钢笔。4.one与it的区别one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个,但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些,要用ones。如:Thisappleissmall.Pleasegivemeabigone.这个苹果小,请给我一个大的。Thesebooksaremine.ThoseonesareLily's.这些书是我的,那些书是莉莉的。it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如:Mybikeisveryold,butIlikeitverymuch.我的自行车很旧,但我很喜欢它。Whereismynewpen?Ican'tfindit.我的新钢笔在哪儿?我找不到它了。Exercise21.__________penisred.________pencilisgreen.A.this,thatB.These,ThoseC.That,ThoseD.This,That2.Is_____apandaoverthere?A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these3.________twoboysareMr.Green’ssons.A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.those\n4.__________twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those5._______isMr.Whiteand_____ismyfather.A.This,thoseB.That,theseC.These,theseD.This,thisPart3疑问代词1.常见疑问代词疑问代词有who/whom谁(指人);whose谁的;which哪一个,哪一些;what什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。如:Who'sthat?Whereisyourfather?2.how家族(看你学完晕不晕,嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿……)how——如何,怎样Howareyou?howmany——多少,对可数名词进行提问Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?howmuch——多少,对不可数名词进行提问Howmuchsugardoyouwant?howlong——多长,对时间和长度进行提问Howlongisyoursummerholiday?Howlongisthatrope?howsoon——多久之后,对将来的一段时间进行提问--HowsoonwillyouleaveBeijing?--Intwodayshowoften——多久一次,对频率进行提问Howoftendoyougotoyourgrandfather’s?howfar——多远,对距离进行提问Howfarisitfromyourschooltothepostoffice?Exercise31.---___schoolbagisthis?---Iguessit’sLily’s.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhoseD.Which2.---____areyou?.---Here,inthereadingroom.A.whereB.howC.whatD.which\n3.---___isgoodatswimminginyourclass?---Kate.A.WhichB.WhatC.WhoD.Whose4.---Oh,___newbikeisoverthere?It’ssonice!---Mm...,Lilytoldmethatsheboughtabikeyesterday.Maybeit’shersA.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which5.---___doyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?---Ateacher.BecauseIlovechildrenverymuch.A.WhatB.WhyC.HowD.When6.---___aretheytalkingabout?---ThecomingFather’sDay.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhyD.How7.---___isitfromyourhometothebookstore?---About10minutes’ride.A.HowfarB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.Howsoon8.---Pleasecallmewhenyouarefree.---OK.But___isyourtelephonenumber?A.whatB.howC.whoD.when9.---___doyougotoBeijingHappyValley?---Onceayear.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howsoon10.---___haveyoubeenhere?---Abouttwoyears.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howfar代词(三)我要赶快学\n1.什么是不定代词?不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。如:some,every,many等。2.one/another/theother(1)一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用theother。Eg:Ihavetwohands.Oneislefthand,andtheotherisrighthand. (2)泛指另一个用another。Eg:Thiskindofcakeisverydelicious.Iwantanother.Exercise11.Roberthasgoneto_____cityandhe’llbebackinaweek.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.anyother2.–Whatdoyourparentsdo?--Oneisateacher;_____isadriver.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.thatone3.other家族(1)other泛指别的,后面必须接名词。Eg:Ihavetogonow.Ihaveotherthingstodo.(2)others泛指别的,后面不能加名词,常用句式:some…,others…,others…。Eg:Weshouldcareaboutothersinsteadofonlyourselves.Therearemanypeopleinthepark.Somearesinging,othersaredancing,andothersaredoingmorningexercise.(3)theother两者中的另一个,常用句式:one…theother…Hehastwobrothers.Oneis18andtheotheris15.(4)theothers指剩余的全部,只能指可数名词,指不可数名词应用therest。常用句式:some…theothers…Eg:Thereare32studentsinourclass,butthereisonlyonestudentintheclassroom.Theothersareontheplayground.Thereare32studentsinourclass.Someareintheclassroom.Theothersareontheplayground.Exercise21.--Isthisyourshoe?--Yes,butwhereis____?A.theotheroneB.otheroneC.anotheroneD.theothers2.Herlecturewashardtofollowbecauseshekeptjumpingfromonesubjectto___.A.theotherB.othersC.theothersD.another\n3.Ifyouwantadoubleroomthatwillcost____£15.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others4.Hewasholdingthewheelwithonehandandwavingwith____.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers4.both,either,neither,all,any,none使用范围单词中文释义例句两个人或物both两者都Bothoftheboysareclever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either两者中任何一个Eitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都很聪明。neither两者都不Neitherofthetwoboysisclever. 两个男孩都不聪明。三者以上all所有的,全部Alltheflowersaregone. 所有的花都谢了。any任何一个Idon'tlikeanyoftheflowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。none都不Ilikenoneoftheflowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。注意:(1)both与复数连用,either与单数连用。(2)all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。如:Allofthestudentsarethere. 所有的学生都在那里。 All(of)themilkisthere. 所有的牛奶都在那里。Exercise31.__likemusic.A.BothofthemB.BothoftheyC.ThebothgirlsD.Boththem2.__oftheteachersareokinourschool.A.everyB.eachC.eitherD.all3.Whichwouldyoulike,sir,teaorcoffee?Idon’tmind.____isok.A.EitherB.NeitherC.AnyD.Both4.On___sideoftheriverthere’remanytalltrees.A.everyB.allC.bothD.each5.Theoldmanhastwosons,but___ofthemliveswithhim.\nA.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all6.Whenshallwemeetagain?_______dayisOK.A.eitherB.neitherC.noneD.any7.Whichofthetwobookswillyoubuy?I’llbuy_________,soIcangiveonetoJoe.A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.both5.some,anysome一些,可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。(1)在肯定句中用some。(2)some肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。Wouldyoulike句式中,表委婉请求或建议。Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?any一些any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有“任何”的意思时,any可用于肯定句。如:Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。Exercise41.---Wouldyoulike___coffee?---Yes,I’dlike_______.A.any,anyB.some,someC.some,anyD.any,some2.Thereisn’t___paperhere.Willyougoandget____forme?A.any,anyB.any,someC.much,manyD.many,much3.Thereisn’t______waterinthecup.A.anyB.manyC.someD.the6.few,little,afew,alittle可数名词不可数名词含义Fewlittle否定含义,没有多少了afewalittle肯定含义,还有一点例如: Hehasafewfriends. 他有几个朋友。 Hehasfewfriends. \n他几乎没有朋友。 Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。 Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。Exercise51.Heisnotakind-heartedman,____peoplecangetonwellwithhim.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle2.Thoughtheyhadcleanedthedoor,therewasstill_____wateronit.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew3.Wehave_____sugar.Really?Let’sgoandbuysome.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle4.Thereis____meatathome.Wouldyoupleasegoandbuy______?A.some,alittleB.alittle,anyC.little,someD.little,any5.Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?___milkand______eggs.A.Little,alittleB.Afew,fewC.Alittle,afewD.Afew,alittle6.Ibought___exercisebookswith_____money.A.afew,afewB.afew,alittleC.alittle,afewD.alittle,alittle7.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,just_____.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.littlebit7.Many,much单词“许多”区别例句Many+可数名词Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting?Much+不可数名词Howmuchtimehasweleft?many,much前可有so,too,how等词进行修饰。如:Therearetoomanymistakesinyourdiary.Somanypeoplearewaitingforthebus.Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’tgowithyou.I’vegottoomuchworktodo.短语区别例句toomuch“太多”,后加不可数名词Thereistoomuchnoisehere.muchtoo“太”,相当于too,后加形容词Heismuchtoofat.Exercise61.Hecan’thearyou,becausethereis_______noisehere.A.verymuchB.toomuchC.muchtooD.somany2.Thefarmerisbusybecausehe’sso______sheeptokeepandso______worktodo.A.much,manyB.many,muchC.many,alotD.alot,much\n8.复合不定代词(1)复合不定代词由some,any,no,every加上-body,-thing,-one构成。如:somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没人everybody每人someone某人anyone任何人noone没人everyone每人something某物anything任何事物nothing没东西everything每件事(2)复合不定代词的用法这些复合不定代词只具有名词性质,用作单数,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。带some的一般用于肯定句,而带any的一般用于否定句和疑问句;它们的用法同some,any的用法类似。带body与带one的复合代词,其词义相同,只是带body的较口语化。如:Everythingbeginstogrowinspring.春天万物开始生长了。Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表坏了。Ican’tseeanything.我什么也没看见。(3)复合不定代词的特殊用法①用在表示“请求”、“建议”或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中。如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝点什么吗?②复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,定语必须放在它的后面。如:Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.收音机出了毛病。(4)对比不定代词anyone/anyone;noone/none;every/each的用法①anyone和anyone anyone仅指人,anyone既可指人,也可指物。②noone和nonea)none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而noone只能单独使用,只指人。b)none做主语,谓语动词用单、复数均可,而noone做主语谓语动词只能是单数。如:Noneofyoucouldliftit.你们中没有人可举起它。 ----Didanyonecallmeupjustnow? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?----Noone. --没有。c)none与数量有关,可回答howmany,表示“一个也没有”;而noone表示“什么人也没有”,可用于回答who。如:--Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?--None.\n--Whowaslatetoday?--Noone.(3)every和each①every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。如:Everystudentinourschoolworkshard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。 Eachstudentmayhaveonebook. 每个学生都可有一本书。②every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。③every只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。如:Everystudenthastotakeone.(4)anyone,anything,anyone,anybody用在肯定句中,起强调作用,表示“无论什么事物(人)”、“任何事物(人)”。如:Anybodywilltellyoutheway.无论谁都会告诉你路线。Exercise71.Hehas______totellus.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing2.Hisearliestplaysareexcellent,buthislatestoneis____.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing3.—Doyouhave____athomenow,Stella?—No,westillhavetogetseveralpoundsoffruitandsometea.A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything4.—DoyoumindifCharlieborrowsafewhundreddollarsfromyou?—I’mafraidIdo.I’llbegladtolendmoneyto____butCharlie.A.someoneB.everyoneC.anyoneD.noone