小升初形容词副词 7页

形容词和副词一．形容词1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。如：Sheisabeautifulgirl.(漂亮的)2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：Ihaveaninterestingbook.(interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)Wearehappytoday.(happy快乐的，在句中作表语)Studentsshouldkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语)3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）如：atall17-year-oldblackAmericanboy.一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。thebigroundredwoodentable.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。二．副词：1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。如：Youmustlistentotheteachercarefully.(仔细地，认真地)2.副词的分类1)时间副词:now,today等2）频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never2)地点副词：here,there,upstairs,downstairs等3)方式副词：carefully,fast,well,politely等4)程度副词:much,little,quite等5)疑问副词:how,when,where,why等三．形容词转化成副词1.一般在形容词后加ly,如：quick-quickly2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i,加ly,如：happy-happily3.以ue结尾的形容词，去e加ly,如：true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast,hard,high,late,far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly,lovelylonely,lively等。四．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成\n1.比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller,well-better2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如long-longest3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：a.在词尾直接加-er/est,如：short-shorter-shortestb.词尾是e，只加-r/st,如：nice-nicer-nicestc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-er/est,如：happy-happier-happiestd.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,如：big-bigger-biggeste.其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most,如：more/mostdelicious不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）词义原级比较级最高级好good/wellbetterbest坏bad/badly/illworseworst多many/muchmoremost少littlelessleast远farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest五．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：1.原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”相当于thesameas…肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+asBTomisashonestasJack.JackrunsasfastasPeter.否定句：A+动词.+notas/so.+形容词/副词原级+asBThistreeisnotas/sotallasthatone.2.比较级的用法:1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+BSusanishappierthanJane.LilyrunfasterthanMary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle，far,alot,abit来修饰。2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanI’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.Ourclassroomistwicebiggerthanyours.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”\nTheearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.4）the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……,就越……”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。（多多益善）3.最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.2）比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+anyother+B(单数)如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.A+动词+比较级+than+theother+B(复数)如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.以上两句意思相当于：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.随堂演练（满分100分）一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分) old________  young_______  tall______  long________   short________  strong________  big________  small_______ fat________  thin__________  heavy______light________ nice________good_________  beautiful_________________ low_________  high_________ slow_______  fast________ late_________ early_________  far_________ well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1分=23分）1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..\n11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t_____(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5分=31分）1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。________is_________thanJim？ ________are.2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.________ _________thanDavid? GaoShan ________.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_________pencilis_________,______or________？________is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_________apples ________ ________,your_______oryour_______?My____________ ___________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as __________as________ ________Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______  ________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____Tom_____  _____thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。________moreexercise,you’ll________   _________soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy______  _______ _______thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____ _____up_____thanme.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。____thegirls______  ______  ______theboys?Yes,they____.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn’t____  _____ inPE.ButIdon’t  ______  _____than_____.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.\n五、选词填空（18*1分=18分）1.Mysisterisgetting_____.A.faterandfaterB.fatterandfatterC.morefatterandfatterD.moreandmorefatter2.Theyare________tousthanbefore.A.friendB.friendlyC.morefriendlyD.friendier3.Jackisthe______boy________ourclass.A.tallest.inB.taller.inC.mosttall.ofD.moretall.of4.Itisnot_______warm_________yesterday.Putonmoreclothes.A.so.onB.so.inC.as.atD.as.as5.Hangzhouisoneof____citiesIhavevisited.A.beautifulB.beauitifulierC.morebeautifulD.themostbeautiful6.BothAndyandIdriveslowly.Tomdrivesfast.SoTomdrives________ofall.A.slowerB.theslowestC.fasterD.thefastest7．Mysisterisa____________girl. A．good      B．well     C．very8．一Isityourtoytaxi?一No.___________it’shis． A．Maybe    B．May      C．Maybe9．______areyou?—I’m______,thankyou． A．What；good B．How；fine C．What；fine D．How；good10．一Canyouhelpme?—___________. A．Yes      B．Excuseme     C．Certainly   D．How11．ThegrassaroundmyhouseisVery________． A.black         B．blue          C．green12．Theskyis________.Thec1oudis_________．A．blue；red   B．red；brown    C．blue；white13．Thechildis__________kind． A．much          B．verymuch     C．very14．一CouldIuseyourpen，please? —__________. A．No            B．Certainly     C．Excuseme15．I_________gotoSchoolat8：00a．m． A．very          B．much          C．often\n16．Ihavean_________doll. A．oldbeautiful B．beautifulo1d C．smallold17．MrWangisa_________teacher. A.talloldEnglish  B.Englisholdtall   C.oldtallEnglish18．Orangesare__________． A．purple        B．blue          C．orange课后练习一、按要求写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1.good________________2.thin___________________3.heavy_______________4.happy_______________5.long___________________6.little_________________7.far_________________8.careful_________________9.slow________________10.well_______________11.low__________________12.beautiful_________________13.large_____________14.famous________________15.delicious__________________16.interesting__________________17.important____________________18.cheap____________19.easy______________20.high______________二、根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空1.Jimworks________(hard),buthisbrotherworks________(hard)thanhim.2.It’smuch________(hot)todaythanyesterday.3.MrSmithisthe__________(rich)maninthisoffice.4.Thismatchis________(exciting)ofthethree.5.Mymotheristhe_______(busy)inmyfamily.6.Beijingisoneofthe_________(beautiful)cityinChina.7.Thisbookis________(interesting)thanthatbook.8.Whichgoes________(quick),thebusorthecar?9.Look!Hishandsare____________(big)thanmine.10.Ithinkyoudothesethings_________(well)thanyourclassmates.11.Whosebagis___________(heavy),yoursormine?12.DoesJimrunas__________(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_________(slow)thanthem.13.I’mvery____________(thin),butshe’s___________(thin)thanme.14.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she).\n25.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.三、单项选择题1.Whichsubjectdoyoulike_______,mathsorEnglish?A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best2.Thisredroseis_______ofallflowers.A.beautifulerB.muchmorebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful3.Mybookisnewerthan________.A.heB.hisC.ourD.we4.Heis________studentinhisclass.A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best5.Look!Thebee________thanthebird.A.flyhigherB.isflyinghigherC.ashighasD.flieshigher6.Hishensare________andfat.A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest7.Sheknows________abouthistorythanmostpeople.A.moreB.muchC.mostD.many8.Itwasreallyan________story.A.afraidB.excitedC.excitingD.worried9.Whichcityis__________fromhere,BeijingorShanghai?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.thefarthest10.Thisbuildingis__________thattree.A.sotallasB.astallasC.sotallasD.astalleras五、选择正确的词填空。Sarahis12years________(old,older).Sheisoneyear________(older,oldest)thanme.ButIam0.1meter________(taller,tallest)thanher.ShestudiesinGuangzhouinterationalShool.Shestudiesthe________(harder,hardest)inherclass.Everyonelikesher.Yesterday,shewasill.Shetooksomemedicineandshefeels________(good,better)now.