小升初备考之语法动词 10页

..-第五节动词考点精析动词是表示动作、存在、变化的词。从含义上来分，动词主要分为莲京动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词〔实义动词〕四大类。一、连系动词连系动词在小学阶段主要是be动词和五个常见的感官动词。在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语中连系动词有be〔是〕，seem〔似乎〕，look〔看来〕，keep〔保持〕，bee〔变成〕，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn〔变得，变成〕，appear〔显得〕，remain〔仍旧是〕等。1．be动词有很多形式：am，is，are；was，were。2．be动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。I用am，you用are,is用于“他、她、它〞；复数全部都用are。3be动词可以和主语一起写成缩写。如：Iam=I'm，youare=you’re，heis：he’s，sheis=she's，theyare=they're等。但要注意，不是所有的主语都可以和be动词缩写，不能缩写的要特殊记忆。如：Thisis不能写成This's;Iamnot不能缩写成Iamn’t。Yes后面的简单答复都不能缩写：Yes，heis．不能写成Yes，he's.Yes,weare.不能写成Yes，we're.等等。4．五个常见感官动词，见下表：类别联系动词词义例句感官动词looksoundsmelltastefeel看起来听起来闻起来尝起来感到1.Themanlookshandsome.2.Itsoundsnice.3.Theteasmellsfresh.4.Howdoesittaste?5.Idon’tfeelwelltoday.二、情态动词‘情态动词有can〔能〕，may〔可以，也许〕，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜想等说话人的语气或态度。情态动词不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。1．特点：(1)没有人称和数的变化。-.word.zl-\n..-(2)后面跟动词原形。(3)肯定句变否认句时，直接在后面加not即可。(4)变一般疑问句时，置于句首。注意haveto在疑问句中的位置。Doyouhavetogoouttoday?你今天一定得出去吗？Doeshehavetofinishtheworktomorrow?他明天非做完这项工作不可吗？2．否认式情态动词和助动词一样，后面可直接跟否认词not。珊将情态动词的否认式及其否认式的简单式〔简咯式用于口语中〕列举如下：shallnot-shan’twillnot-won'tcannot-can’tmustnot-mustn'tshouldnot-shouldn’twouldnot-wouldn'tcouldnot-couldn'tdarenot-daren'tneednot-needn't3．can的用法(1)表示能力、功能：能，会Theclassroomcanseatthirtystudents.这间教室能坐三十位学生。Jimcandrivenow．吉姆现在会开车了。(2)表示可能性：可能，可能会Ithinktheworkcanbepletedaheadoftime.我认为这项工作能提前完成。(3)表示允许、请求：可以Youcan'ttakethebookoutoftheroom.你不可以将这本书拿出室外。CanIuseyourpencil?我可以用一下你的铅笔吗？(4)表示命令：必须Ifyouwon’tkeepquietyoucangetout.你如不保持安静，就请你走。4．must的用法(1)表示必要、命令或强制：必须，得Youmustn'ttalklikethat.你可不能这样说话。-.word.zl-\n..-Youmustdoasyouaretold.你必须遵嘱行事。Wemustbehomebyseven.我们必须在七点以前回家。〔2〕表示肯定的推测：一定Theboymustbeyourbrother.这男孩一定是你的兄弟。5．may的用法(1)表示可能陛：可能，也许Shemaybeanurse.她可能是个护士。〔2)表示许可或请求许可：可以“MayIein?"‘Yes，please.“‘我可以进来吗？〞“是的，请进。〞6．情态动词的区别区别在语气上。在这四个词语里may表示“可以〞，它的语气最委婉，最有礼貌，通常请求时都用到may。如：MayIcamein?我能进来吗？can表示“能、会〞，通常用来表示某人的能力，也可以用于请求的句子里，但语气没有may委婉。如：CanIhavesomenoodles?我能吃点面条吗？must表示“必须〞，通常用在命令的语气里。如：Youmustcleanyourbedroomfirst.你必须先清扫卧室。should表示“得，要、该〞表示说话者的态度，通常用于询问别人接下来该干什么。三、助动词助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，would，do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否认和疑问等构造中的谓语动词。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Doyoulikeplayingfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗？四、行为动词行为动词也叫实义动词，表示动作或状态，有完整的意义，能在句子中独立作谓语。它分为及物动词〔必须有宾语〕和不及物动词〔不需要宾语〕。典例剖析例1请用am，is，are填空。l.You__________astudent.I__________ateacher.-.word.zl-\n..-2.Theboys__________inthepark,butHenry__________athome.分析：此题考察系动词的用法，注意主语的单、复数以及不同人称代词相对应的be的形式。答案：1.are，am2．are，is例2单项选择：What__________yourmotheroftendointheevening?A．doB．doesC．is分析：此题考察助动词的用法，由yourmother以及后面的实义动词do可知选B。答案：B例3请用所给动词的适当形式填空。She__________(like)herbrotherverymuch.分析：本节讲的动词的用法主要是随主语变化的形式，其他更多形式将在时态中考察。答案：likes例4Whocanspellthisword?I__________.A．canB．doC．am分析：情态动词can在这表示能力，答复can疑问句时也用can或can’t。答案：A易错题辨析例；请用适当的情态动词填空。1.__________Iplayputergames,mum?No,youmustn't.2.Sorry,I__________dothismathproblem.3.You__________notcopyothershomework.Theteacheroftensays.4.Lily__________singverywell.5.What__________youdothen?-.word.zl-\n..-错解：l.Must2.can3.can4.may5.can分析：熟悉情态动词区别就必须要读懂句子意思，再运用英语习惯用法就不难了。第1题是请求玩电脑游戏，语气委婉，用May。第2题表示能力，有Sorry可判断没有能力，所以用否认形式cannot。第3题语气强烈，不能抄袭作业，所以用must。第4题表示能力，用can。第5题询问别人接下来该干什么，所以用should。正解：1.May2.cannot3.must4.can5.should举一反三根底达标一、用am,is,are,be填空。l.This_________anapple.That_________abanana.2.-How_you?-I_________fine,thanks.3.Thoseniceflowers.Thisyellowrose_________thebest.4.-_________youaworker?-Yes,I_________.5.Don't_________lateforschool.二、单项选择()l.Sixandrune_________fifteen.A.amB.isC.are()2.-_________mybestfriend,Lily.A.This'sB.ThisisC.Thisare()3.These_________notmypencils.They_________theirs.A.am;areB.is;areC.are;are()4.LiuLanandI_________inClass2.A.amB.isC.are()5.-_________youadoctor?-No,I_________.A.Are;aren'tB.ls;amn'tC.Are;amnot-.word.zl-\n..-()6.Ican_________itandSamcan_________it,too.A.see;seeB.see;seesC.look;looks()7.--_________Ihaveanapple?-Yes,youcan.A.canB.CanC.Must()8.Thechildren_________gohomenow.It'stoolate.A.canB.mustC.are()9.Lily_________dothiswork.Sheistooweak.A.can'tB.isn'tC.does()10.Sam,you_________sithere.It'sforwomenonly.A.aren'tB.can'tC.amnot()11.-youusuallyplaysoccerafterschool?A.DoB.CanC.Are()12.It'stimetogohome.We_________gonow.A.areB.canC.must()13._________yougotothezoowithmetomorrow?A.DoB.WillC.Does()14.We_________ehomelatelastnight.A.aren'tB.don'tC.didn't()15.What_________youseeinthepicture?A.canB.areC.is()16.-YousinganEnglishsong?-Yes,Ican.A．canB．CanC．Must()17.-__________IwatchTVforashorttime,mum?-No,youneedn't.A．MayB．AmC．Do三、从方框中选择恰当的词，使它们成为正确的动词短语。-.word.zl-\n..-readbuypickclimbtakewatcheatgoplaylearnlookfeelsoundtastesmell1．_________abook2._________gifts3．_________photos4._________noodles5．_________flowers6._________mountains7．_________shopping8._________English9．_________TV10._________football11._________smooth12._________agoodidea四、用所给词语的适当形式填空。1.Myaunt_________(do)houseworkathome.She_________(havenot)ajob.2.Myteacher_________(help)mewithmylessonslastnight.3.Heoften_________(do)homeworkand_________(watch)TVintheevening.4.1like__________(read)booksand_________(dance)afterschool.5.Let's__________(play)thepiano.6.Thosegirlsare_________(sing)now.7.Don't_________(play)intheclassroom.8.Heoften_________(watch)TVafterdinner.9.Mymother_________(notread)intheeveningeveryday.10.MyfriendandI_________(go)toschooleveryday.五、从B栏中找出A栏的答案。AB()1.Whatfruitdoyoulike?A.No,shedoesn't.()2.Wheredoeshego?B.No,I'mnot.()3.Howdoyougetthere?C.Ilikeapples.()4.Doesshelikeoranges?D.Bybike.-.word.zl-\n..-()5.Areyousleeping?E.Hegoestoashop.能力达标六、将以下句子改为一般疑问句并根据要求答复。1．Mybrotherisinthebedroom.〔作肯定回笞〕______________________________________________________2．Lilyisplayingwithherfriends.〔作否认答复〕______________________________________________________3．Youareagoodchild.〔作否认答复〕______________________________________________________4.Iamwashingclothesnow.(作否认答复)______________________________________________________5.1amabeautifulgirl.(作肯定答复)______________________________________________________七.找出以下句子中的错误并改正。1.Mysistercanplaystheguitar._______________2.Goodboy,youmustgoinghomenow._______________3.MayIplayputergamesnow?No,youmaynot._______________4.Theyaren'tcanspeakEnglish._______________5.Shecansingsverywell._______________6.Mybrotherdon'tplaybadminton._______________7.Lucydoesn'thasanewgreenshirt._______________8.1didn'twenttothegymyesterday._______________9.Theyaren'tworkouttheproblem._______________10.HemayreadEnglish._______________-.word.zl-\n..-11.Theboycanplayingbasketballverywell._______________12.1wentswimyesterdayevening._______________13.What'sTomdoing?He'swritean._______________14.Shegoestoschooleveryday._______________15.Wedoesn'thavedinner._______________八、读短文并答复以下问题。WangGangis12yearsold.Heistallandstrong.Hehasbigeyesandbigears.Buthismouthissmall.Heiscool.Hecandrawandplaytheviolin.Helikesplayingfootballandswimming.Helikesbluebest.Hisfavouriteanimalisdogs.Heisagoodstudent.He'sgoodatmathandEnglish.HespeaksEnglishwell.Theteachersandstudentsalllikehimverymuch.Heisahappyboy.Ilikehim,too.Weoftenstudyandplaytogether.1.DoesWangGanghavebigeyes?_________________________________________2.Whatcolourdoeshelikebest?_________________________________________3.Whatcanhedo?_________________________________________4.Whatanimaldoeshelikebest?_________________________________________5.DoeshespeakEnglishwell?_________________________________________答案：一、l.is,is2.are,am3.are,is4.Are,am5.be二.1~5BBCCC6~10ABBAB11-17ACBCABA三.l.read2.buy3.take4.eat5.pick6.climb7.go8.leam9.watchl0.play11.feel12.sound四.1.does,doesn'thave2.helped3.does,watches4.reading,dancing5.play6.singing7.play8.watches9.doesn'tread10.go-.word.zl-\n..-五.1~5CEDAB六1.Isyourbrotherinthebedroom?Yes,heis.2.IsLilyplayingwithherfriends?No,sheisn't.3.Areyouagoodchild?No,Iamnot.4.Areyouwaslungclothesnow?No,Iamnot.5.Areyouabeautiful.girl'?Yes,I'm.七l.playsplay2.goinggo3.第2个may-*can4.aren'tcancan't5.sings-*sing6.don'tdoesn't7.has-*have8.went-*go9.aren'tcan't10.may-+canll.playingplay12.swim-*swimming13.write-+writing14.go-*goes15.doesn't-+don't八.1.Yes,hedoes.2.Blue.3.Hecandrawandplaytheviolin.4.Dogs.5.Yes,hedoes.-.word.zl-