初中英语语法(中考英语语法) 4页

初中英语语法（中考英语语法）首先从几个简单的句子来分析什么是主谓宾定状补。请看下面句子A．主语1.Hisfatherworksinafactory.2.SeeingafilmisbetterthanListeningtotheradio.(It’snousetellinghimthenews.)3.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.(ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.)4.Whathetoldmeyesterdaywastostudyharder.5.Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeendecided.6.Thatweneedmoremoneyisquiteobvious.(It’sapitythatyouhavemissedsuchagoodfilm.)B．宾语1.Heboughtsomebooksyesterday.2.Thankyouforcoming.3.I’llsendhimthebook.4.Thenewsmadehimfeelverysad.5.Idon’tknowwhetherhe’llcomeornot.6.Let’sseehowwecandoit.7.C．谓语1.Hewantstogotobuyaticket.2.Therearealotofboysontheplaygroundplayingfootball.3.Hewentoutoftheroomquickly,followedbyhisdog.4.Aftertellinghimthenews,webegantoeatthebananasservedbyhiswife.D．定语1.TheAmericanteacherspokesoslowlythateveryoneintheclasscouldfollowhim.2.AmancalledJackwrotethisbook.3.Thewomansittingthere,watchingTV,isourEnglishteacher.4.ThemeetingtobeheldnextMondaywillbeimportant.5.Theonlyreasonwhyhediditwasthatheneededmoney.E．状语1.Igetupat6:00inthemorning.2.Iwaswritingwhenhecamein.主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。一.名词作主语\nDavidarrivedlastnight.大卫昨晚到达。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄必败。二.代词作主语Whoisspeaking,please?（在电话中）请问您是谁？That'sOK.这没问题。三.数词作主语Twowillbeenough.两个就够了。Two-thirdsoftheworkersarewomen.三分之二的工人是女工。四.ing形式作主语Skatingisgoodexercise.溜冰是很好的运动。Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。五.不定式作主语Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。六.名词化的形容词作主语Theblindandthelamearewellcaredforinourcountry.在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。Theunemployedusuallyleadahardlife.失业的人生活一般很困难。七.短语作主语Howtodowellisanimportantquestion.如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy.早睡早起身体好。八.从句作主语Whathashappenedprovesthatourpolicyisright.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.我们是否去要看天气。谓语说明主语的动作或状态。谓语动词一般在主语之后。Somechildrenaskedforcolddrinks.有些孩子要喝冷饮。Ishallgotoseehimtomorrow.明天我要去看他。Imustaskhertoteachmetoswim.我一定得请她教我游泳。宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。一.名词作宾语Showyourpassport,please.请出示护照。二.代词作宾语\nHedidn'tsayanything.她什么也没说。三.数词作宾语Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.你要几个？－我要两个。四.名词化的形容词作宾语Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.他们把伤员送到医院。五.不定式或ing形式作宾语Theaskedtoseemypassport.他们要求看我的护照。Ienjoyworkingwithyou.我和你们一道工作很愉快。六.从句作宾语Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?你把他的话记下了没有？定语形容词作定语He'satallman.他是个高个子的男子。名词作定语Therearealotofbananatreesontheisland.岛上有许多香蕉树。数词作定语Threethousandpeoplewatchedthegame.三万人观看了球赛。限定词作定语Manymenareworkingthere.许多人在那儿工作。-ing形式作定语Thereisaswimmingpoolnearourschool.我们学校附近有一个游泳池。-ed分词作定语frozenfood冷冻食品fallenleaves落叶状语副词作状语Don'tdrivesofast.别开得这么快。介词短语作地点状语WeliveinHangzhou.我们住在杭州。\n名词作状语Themeetinglastedanhour.会议开了一个小时。接在动词之后对主语起着解释或描述作用的成分，叫作主补。形容词作主补Theymarriedyoung.他们结婚时还年轻。Hediedhappy.他怀着幸福的心情死去。Nomanisbornwise.没有生而知之。ed分词作主补Hecameindrunk.他走进来的时候醉醺醺的。名词作主补Hediedapoorman.他死时很穷。Hediedamillionaire.他死的时候是个百万富翁。宾补适用宾补的句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补.宾补对宾语加以解释或描述。以下成分可以充当宾补：名词，代词，形容词，副词，ing形式，ed分词，不定式，介词短语，名词性从句。名词作宾补Iconsiderhimagentleman.代词作宾补Whomdoyouthinkme?（Whom是宾补）形容词作宾补Washyourhandsclean.副词作宾补Ifoundhimout.-ing形式作宾补Theyleftmewait.-ed分词作宾补Iheardmynamecalled.不定式作宾补Ithoughthimtobeagoodman.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.名词性从句作宾补Hiswifehasmadehimwhatheis.