初中英语近义词辨析中考复习 40页

初中英语近义词辨析中考复习1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.3.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.4.photo,picture,drawing\nphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.5.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.6.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.7.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.\n8.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect.9.class,lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;class5.10.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer11.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob\n12.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers13.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.14.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.15.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为\nthinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用.16.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.17.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip18.sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.19.price,prize\nprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.20.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof⋯的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.21.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.22.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.\n23.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.24.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.25.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在⋯地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.26.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?27.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctor\nandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris28.inbed,onthebedinbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.29.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由⋯⋯照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.30.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级\n里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.31.asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第⋯⋯Hewonthesecondprize.32.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.33.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy⋯34.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany⋯/Howmuch⋯?---None.35.anyone,anyone\nanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou36.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.37.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?38.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent39.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名\n词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.40.muchmore⋯than,manymore⋯thanmuchmore⋯than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore⋯than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful41.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater42.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，\n自动的Thedooropenedofitself.43.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.44.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.45.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly46.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise\n47.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.48.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman49.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory50.pleasant,pleased,pleasing\npleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.51.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy52.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.53.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。54.hard,hardly\nhard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.55.almost,nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody56.late,latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.57.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive58.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋\n的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.59.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)60.worth,worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.61.bad,badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobadIneedthebookbadly.62.beforelong,longbefore\nbeforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong63.quite,ratherquite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible64.happy,gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl65.instead,insteadofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.66.toomuch,muchtoo\ntoomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy67.raise,riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.68.bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk69.spend,take,pay,costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend⋯onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱\n70.join,joinin,takepartinjoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型活动,joinsb.in；takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.71.learn,studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究studytheproblem72.want,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethat⋯wish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.\n73.discover,invent,findoutdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.74.answer,replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter75.leave,leaveforleave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.76.rob,stealrob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.77.shoot,shootat\nshoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.78.drop,falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.79.search,searchforsearch后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.80.usedto,beusedtousedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.81.win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后\n接sb.winthegame,beatthem82.liveon,livebyliveon以⋯为主食，liveby靠⋯谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing83.beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings84.lose,misslose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance85.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意\nHedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.86.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.87.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.88.feed,raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)\nraisethefamily89.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病90.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars91.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather92.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集\ncollectstamps93.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold94.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehouses95.arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词\narriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing96.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing97.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.98.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），\nfound国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool99.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.100.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在⋯上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan101.throwto,throwatthrowto扔到⋯,throwat朝⋯扔Hethrowastoneatme.\n102.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.103.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.104.listen,hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.105.look,see,watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强\n调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watchTV106.lie,laylie躺，位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook107.hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.108.turn,get,growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turnyellow,gettired,growbig109.close,shut,turnoffclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turnoff用于指有开关的物\n体Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.110.begin,startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stopClassbeginsat7:30a.m.111.happen,takeplacehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，takeplace必然性的发生Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.112.at,in(表地点)at小地点，in大地点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai\n113.dayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日复一日（无变化）；daybyday一天天地（有变化）Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.114.like,aslike相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)115.after,in(表时间)after接时间点，in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes116.between,amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三者以上之间\nSwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.117.after,behind(表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.118.since,for(完成时间状语)since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间forthreeyears,since3:00119.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物体表面的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，atthecorner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）onthecornerofthetable\n120.onearth,ontheearth,intheearthonearth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里nouseonearth121.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurpriseinsurprise惊奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使⋯惊慌Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.122.inthemarket,onthemarketinthemarket表示场所或地点，在市场上，onthemarket出售\nHesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.123.through,acrossthrough穿越空间，across在⋯上穿过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert124.ontheway,inthewayontheway在前往⋯的路上，intheway挡路Thechairisintheway.125.above,on,overabove在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方flyoverthehill126.until,not⋯untiluntil到⋯为止，not⋯until直到⋯才（常跟点动词连用）Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.\n127.besides,except,exceptforbesides除了⋯还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），exceptfor整体⋯除了某一点以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.128.whether,if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用ifIdon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I'llletyouknow.129.and,orand并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.\nHurryuporyou'llmissthebus.130.because,since,as,for原因由强到弱为：because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下：1)⋯because⋯2)Since/as⋯,⋯3)⋯,for⋯SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.131.when,as,while(表时间)when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，while从句动词为持续性动词WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.132.thesame⋯as,thesame⋯thatthesame⋯as和⋯一样的（相似但不同一），thesame⋯that同一物体\nThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.(同一支笔)133.aswell,aswellasaswell也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既⋯又；aswellas并列连词，不但⋯而且⋯Heisaprofessor,andawriteraswell.134.such⋯as,such⋯thatsuch⋯as像⋯样的，such⋯that如此⋯以至于Heisnotsuchafoolashelookslike.Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.135.because,becauseof\nbecause连词，连接两句话，becauseof介词短语，后接词或短语Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.136.inorderthat,inorderto表目的，inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接动词原形Igotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.137.forexample,suchasforexample一般只列举一个，suchas列举多个例子IhavebeentoalotofAmericancities,suchasNewYork,AtlantaandChicago.\n138.usedto,would表过去常常，和现在相对应用usedto，不提现在用wouldIusedtogetupearly,butnowIdon't.139.Allright.That'sallright.That'sright.Allright.That'sallright.当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用That'sallright.That'sright.那是对的---Sorry.---That'sallright.140.such⋯that,so⋯that当如此⋯以至于解时，such⋯that修饰名词，so⋯that修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有many,much,little,\nfew修饰用so⋯that，不用suchthatsomanypeoplethat⋯suchalovelyboy=solovelyaboy141.so+be(have,can,do)+主语，neither(nor)+be(have,can,do)+主语也一样，肯定用so⋯否定用neither(nor)---Ican'tplaytennis.---NorcanI.142.ShallI⋯?Willyou⋯?ShallI⋯?征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能⋯吗？Willyou⋯?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意⋯吗？Willyouhelpme?Yes,Iwill.