中考英语语法总结-王牌初中英语培训 15页

首字母讲解知识准备问学生：你了解首字母吗？1.首字母出现在卷子的哪一部分？2.题号是？3.共几个？4.占几分？师：首字母的比重：首字母填空7个，14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%测试内容1.文章短小、精致，字数通常100-150之间2.考查的单词涉及的词性较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类3.文中涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识4.短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等文体。解题步骤首字母填空三步走：1.通读短文2.判断词性，认真分析，填写单词3.细心检查解题技巧首字母五大技巧：1.依照固定搭配进行填词2.依照词性判断进行填词3.依照结构关键词进行填词4.依照句意理解进行填词5.依照高频词汇进行填词对“症”下“药”⑴依照固定词组搭配或固定的句式结构进行填词2012年一模崇明县、嘉定区、金山区、徐汇区、卢湾区、虹口区2013年一模崇明县、闸北区、金山区、徐汇区、杨浦区2014年一模崇明县、嘉定区、金山区、浦东新区、杨浦区练习1.W________hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.2.…Itwasal________earlier.3.Thehealthierthoseteethare,theh________youlook.Whyisthat?4.Takeyourtimewhilebrushing.Spendatl_________3minuteseachtimeyoubrush.小结：固定搭配常考：动词，名词，介词，形容词等。所以，平时积累考纲词组很重要。⑵依照词性判断进行填词15\n词性判断能帮助减少错误，快速得出答案且常考的九大词类当中，有三种词仅通过词性判断即能快速得出答案：代词，介词，连词原因：数量不多，但又是一模常考词类。介词连词代词2012年一模宝山、长宁、浦东、奉贤、闵行、普陀、青浦长宁、虹口、浦东、闸北宝山、浦东、奉贤、黄埔、普陀、2013年一模宝山、长宁、浦东、崇明、虹口、徐汇、金山崇明、奉贤、杨浦、浦东、闸北、虹口、静安奉贤、黄浦、静安2014年一模奉贤、虹口、徐汇、长宁、闵行崇明、杨浦、浦东、长宁、闸北奉贤2015年一模练习1.OneofthemostlovelyofHongKong’sanimalsisthebarkingdeer.Theyarebeautifullittleanimalsw____91____arichbrowncoatandawhitepatchunderthetail.（2012一模奉贤区）2.“B____89____everydogloverthereisastory,”saysDr.Davis.“Whydopeoplelovetheirdogssomuch?Ifyouheartheirstories,it’snotdifficulttounderstandwhy.”（2012一模普陀区）小结：连词位于句子间；介词位于名词前；代词用来做主宾语；another,other,every,one还可用来做定语。3.Thenyoucanr________withagoodstoryandhavearestquietly.4.H________,televisionhasnotkilledreading.Today,newspapersandmagazinessellinverylargenumbers.Andbooksofeverykindaresoldmorethaneverbefore.⑶依据结构关键词进行填词练习1.Imaginesittingdownatthedinnertableandb___86___servedabowlofworms.（2013宝山区）2.Therearesuggestionstoseparatethesexesandteachboysseparately.Thereisalsoa___92__tochangethecurriculumtomakeitmoreinterestingforboystoachievetheirgoals.（2013闵行区）3.Brushyourteetht__________aday–afterbreakfastandbeforebedtime.小结：巧用结构关键词并列关系：also,aswell,and,or,but,than,ratherthan,aswellas,from…to,insteadof等解释/说明关系：破折号、冒号、括号等⑷依据句意理解理解上下文是使用最多，最直接的方法。技巧：1.抓住句子主干（主谓宾）；2.准确分析从句（定从，宾从，状从）；3.把握文中的转折，否定，消极/积极语境；4.动手划出关键词，句；用括号标出从句。练习1.Atthatmomentthelastflashofthebluecard____91____underthewater.（2013一模嘉定区）2.OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtop________hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.小结：15\n1.翻译句子，不是意会，是找到主谓宾，有代词的找出其指代的意思，准确翻译2.注意句子的结构分析，尤其是主从复合句。⑸依据高频词汇进行填词在做题没有思路，但是对单词词性有把握判断的时候，根据经验猜词，也是绝处逢生的好方法！如以o开头的高频词汇：动词：organize,order,own,open,operate,offer,obey,observe,etc.名词/代词：owner,opinion,organization,order,officer,ones,etc.形容词：official,other,own,ordinary,old,open,online,etc.副词：often,only,once,etc.练习1.Ofcourse,mirrorscouldbeusedo_______whenthesunwasshining.Atnight,Indiansusedfirearrowsforsignaling.（2012一模浦东新区）2.Sotheymoveout.Somedon’tgoveryfar,justalittlewayoutofthecity,tothetownsnearthecities.O________peoplemovetotherealcountryside,withsheepandcowsandgreenfields.（2014一模杨浦区）小结：高频词汇分两类，一是经常考到的词汇，二是考纲中量很少的词汇；在没有思路的情况下，将积累的高频词汇一一带入，意思合理的即是答案。高频词汇总结C开头的副词：completely,clearly,correctly,carefullyR开头的副词：rather,really,recently,rarelyK开头的动词：kill,know,kick,keep,knockH开头的副词：happily,hard,hardly,heavily,however......阶梯训练法Step1:chunk训练法 出现频率很高,使用形式及使用的语境比较固定,就像一个板块一样,大于单词的结构都归于“词块”1.Maryhasn_________workedashardashersister.2.Theproblemissod___________thatnoonecanworkout.15\n3.Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestioncanraiseyourh__________.Step2:在本句中寻找信息1.U___________,itisnotaverygoodjob,…(03年中考)2.Oneday,Jefftoldhisfriendthathe’dfalleninloveandplannedtogetmarriedthen___________months.（04年中考）3.Asyourreadingimproves,youwillprobablyfindyourschoolworkbecomesmuche___________.（05年中考）4.Iaskedhimw___________hewasgoingandhesaidhewasgoingtowork.（06年中考）5.Thenwestartedtalkingaboutschooldaysandthepeoplewebothusedtok___________.（06年中考）6.IliveherewithmyhusbandJoeandourt___________children,Patrick,11,and,Abby,8.（08年中考）15\nStep3:在句群中寻找信息1.Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusicthattheycandanceto.Ipreferq___________,traditionalmusic,sotheconcertsuitedmeverywell.2.Ifyoureadasahobbyyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit.Thism___________thatyouwillreadfasterandwillbecomebetteratunderstandingwhatyouread.3.Somepeoplesaythatreadingisoutofdate.Thisisnottrue.Youhavetobeabletoreadtouseacomputerand,thebetteryouread,thebetteryourcomputerskillswillbe.Readingish___________outofdate!（05年中考）4.Hi!MynameisStephenandIliveinasmallflatinLondon.Ichosetoliveherebecausethereisneverab___________momentinacitylikeLondon.I’manartstudentandthebusylifeinacitydoesgoodtomypainting.（08年中考）Step4:在段落中寻找信息1.Readingbooksisagoodhobbyforallkindsofreasons. First,… Next,… A___________goodreasonforreadingisthatitisuseful.…2.…Ofcourse,London,likeanylargecity,hasp___________,too.Londonersdon’tchatontheundergroundorthebusandthereismuchlesscommunityspiritthaninthecountry,wheremyparentslive.Infact,theydon’tunderstandhowIcanputupwiththenoisepollution,andtrafficjams.…3.Ofcourse,countrylifealsohasw___________points.Wefeelisolatedsometimes,too,especiallysincethenearestneighborsarealmost100kmaway.…4.Intheearly1930s,peopleintheUSoftendidnotknowwhenorwheretheirnextmealwas.Soassoonastheygotsomethingintheirhandthatcouldbeeaten,itwouldgointotheirmouth.Thatwashowpeoplebegantousetheidiom“livinghandtomouth”tomean“livingap___________life”.5.TherearemanyidiomsinEnglish.Ifyoulearntousethem,yourEnglishwillbemuchmorevividandcolorful.Haveyoueverheardtheidiom“Heboughtthefarm?”Itmeanshedied.Doyouknowhowitbecamepopular?Itwasf___________usedinWorldWarI.Whenasoldierdied,thegovernmentgavehisfamilyenoughmoneytobuyafarm.小结：首字母解题五大技巧是什么？高分妙招，学霸都知道：做完首字母后要检查1.动词形态（形式、时态/语态）2.名词单复数，大小写3.形容词副词比较级最高级首字母填空的“三级警报”1.“一级警报”：动词原形危险系数：高危在首字母填空中填入动词原形属于高度危险的一级警报。在填入动词时，必须考虑到动词的人称和时态变化。【例】Allofasudden,Iwascrowdedbyagroupofpeoplewhoomesupportandgavemestrengthtofacemydifficulties.【解析】空格中填入的词应是动词的过去式，与and之后的gave相对应。因此，此题的正确答案是offered【注】在首字母填空中，填入动词原形也是有可能的，例如在情态动词之后或者在makesb.do15\nsth.这样的宾语补足语结构中，需要填入动词原形。2.“二级警报”：可数名词的单数危险系数：中危在首字母填空中，如果空格之前没有a或an，那么在空格中填入可数名词的单数属于中度危险的二级警报。在填入可数名词时，必须考虑到可数名词的单复数。【例】Atmybirthdayparty,hegavemebeautifulfasmybirthdaypresent.【解析】很多同学会想到空格中应填入flower.然而，flower是可数名词，在此题中，没有a或者量词修饰flower，因此，必须填入flower的复数形式flowers.3.“三级警报”：形容词和副词的原级危险系数：低危在首字母填空中，填入形容词和副词的原级也具有一定的危险性，形容词和副词原级属于低度危险的三级警报。在一些情况下，需要填入形容词和副词的比较级或者最高级。【例】Thegardenisverybeautiful.Ihaveneverseenanone.【解析】填入空格的词应该是与beautiful相对应的nice。但是，Ihaveneverseenanone.是一句否定句，而在空格之前又出现了不定冠词a，按照英语的表达习惯，在否定句中，不定冠词a加形容词的比较级具有最高级的意义。因此，空格中应填入nicer.后半句句子的意思是：我从来没见过更漂亮的一个花园。言下之意即是：这是我见过的最漂亮的花园。Note：做好首字母填空要注意以下几点1.单词量很多学生做不好首字母填空很重要的原因是学过的单词没掌握。每当看到一个首字母，脑子中应该迅速闪过好几个词，然后根据句意选择最合适的一个。或者反过来，用意义对单词，先看句子是什么意思，然后根据意思填出合适的单词。2.平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配。（我建议每人备个笔记本，自己整理。除了课本上的，平时考卷上易错的都整理到本子上，时常拿出来翻翻巩固一遍，下次再遇到类似的就会很快想到。）（老师会帮你们整理一份这学期的重点词组，因为我们没法生活在全英的环境中，所以学英语还是要多看多记）3.一定注意上下句的联系。很多情况下，要填的单词在上文或者下文出现过，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的眼睛。譬如，常在一句话中，会出现反义词、近义词等有提示作用的关键词。4.利用词性帮助判断。根据上下文及句子结构判断词性，再结合首字母确定该词的意思。（要有一定的句法知识）5.注意检查。这里有个方法可以一试，默读，利用语感和自己的语法知识填空。如果读着不顺，极有可能有错误。首字母填空练习D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（14分）n.adj.v.phrasepassage走廊horrible可怕的crashed踫撞felldown倒下flames火焰opposite相反的dropped掉pickeditup捡起direction方向screamed尖叫difficulty困难recognizing认出Afire(中等)“Fire!Fire!”Whathorriblewordstohearwhenonewakesupinastrangehouseinthemiddleofthenight!Itwasalarge,woodenhouseandmyroomwasonthetopfloor.Ijumpedoutofbed,openedthe15\ndoorands92outintothepassage.Itwasfullofthicksmoke.Ibegantorun,butasIwasstillonlyhalfawake,insteadofgoingtowardsthestairsIwentintheoppositedirection.Thesmokegrewt93andIcouldseeflamesallaroundandthefloorbecamehotundermybarefeet.Ifoundanopendoorandranintoaroomtogettothewindow.ButbeforeIcouldreachit,oneofmyfeetwascaughtinsomethingsoftandIfelldown.ThethingIhadfelloverwasl94abundleofclothes,andIpickedituptoprotectmyfacefromsmokeandheat.JustthenthefloorgavewayundermeandIcrashedtothebelowwithpiecesofwoodallaroundme.Isawaflamingdoorwayinfront,putthebundleofclothesovermyfaceandran.Thefirearoundmyfeetburnedmet95,butIgotthrough.AsIreachedthecoldairoutside,mybundleofclothesgaveathincry.Inearlydroppeditinmys96.ThenIsawacrowdgatheredinthestreet.Awomaninanightdressandaborrowedman’scoatscreamedwhenshesawmeandcamerunningmadly.“Mybaby!Mybaby!”shecried.Thecrowdcheeredwidelyasshetookthesmokebundleoutofmya97.Ihadsomedifficultyinrecognizingher.ShewasMayor’swife,andIhads98herbaby.Iwasahero.首字母首字母单词词性词义考点难度系数Ssteppedv.迈步此句表一系列动作：先下床再开门，然后该走出去☆tthickera.更厚的主语是烟，烟变的厚可以想出，但是想到用比较级是比较难把握的☆☆☆llikeprep.像主要根据句意：这个东西像一捆衣服☆☆tterriblyadv.严重地本句不缺少成分，很明显是要填副词，形容火是怎么样烧我的脚的词☆☆ssurprisen.惊讶本句中说：我几乎要掉了这捆东西，看出我很是吃惊☆aarmsn.手臂比较简单，是从我的手臂里拿走☆ssavedv.救从后句中：我是个英雄，看出是我救了这个孩子☆特点：1.词性为v.(2);n.(2);adj.(1);adv.(1);prep.(1)2.3个s，2个t3.考点基本是根据上下文的理解进行猜测，其中93题容易出错4.其中92和96是词组15\n课外练习首字母专项C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考HP-2014A)Doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtoworkorwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrolofyourfeelings.Gettingangrywithotherscancauseyoutol____81____friends.GrayEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenabooknamedMyFeelingsAreLikeWildAnimalstohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings.Thebooktellshowtostaycoolwhenb____82____thingshappen.Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsw____83____.Itcannevermakethembetter.“Gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact,”thebooksays.“It’sjustahabit,likesmoking.”Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyourfeelingse____84____...allyouhavetodoistotellyourselfnottobeangry.Thebookgivesmanytipstohelpyouifyougetangryfrequently.Herearethetopthree.●Keepar____85____.Everytimeyougetangry,writedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrysooften.●Askyourfriendstos____86____talkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Leaveyoualone.Thiswillteachyounottobeangry.●Dosomethingd____87____.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考JA/QP-2014A)Whoismanagingthingsinyourtownorcity?Someonerepairsabrokenwindowinthelibrary.Someonemakessurethetrafficlightswork.Someonepumpscleanwaterintopipes.Someonec____81____fortheanimalsinthezoo.Thepeoplewhodothesejobsarepartofthegovernment.Inmosttownsorcities,theyworkforthemayor.Themayorworkswithothero____82____.Theymanagethecityandmakesurethattheworkgetsdone.Theyfixoldthings,likeroadsandbridges.Theybuildnewthings,likeschoolsandparks.Ifpeoplec____83____,theylistencarefully.Thentheychangethingsthatarewrong.Forexample,ifalawisn’tf____84____tosomepeople,theychangeit.Theytrytodowhatthepeoplewant.ElectionDayisreportcardtime!Ifpeoplethinkthecitygovernmentisdoingfine,theymightk____85____thesamemayor.Ifthereareproblems,theymightelectanewmayor.OnElectionDay,peoplegotodifferentplacestovote.Thenallthevotesarec____86____.Themayormaywinorlose.Forthewinner,thereislotsofexcitement!Thereisabigpartywithballoonsf____87____intheair.Thenextday,it’stimetorunthecityortownagain.Themayormustdoagoodjob.Theoffice15\nmembersmustworkhard,too.Afterall,inafewyears,therewillbeanotherElectionDay.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考PD-2014A)Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.ØLimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn____81____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbecomeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.ØTravelTravellingtoa____82____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.ØLearnanewlanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainandhelpspreventmemoryp____83____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ØReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl____84____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubecomeanexpertonthesubject.ØCalculatew____85____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.ØUseyournon-dominant(不占优势的)handIfyouareright-handed,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouareleft-handed.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc____86____newneural(神经)networks.ØWechat(微信)!Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohasdifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy____87____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考XH-2014A)Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc____81____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B____82____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi____83____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.Knowyourself15\nMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst____84____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl____85____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands____86____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando–learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc____87____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考YP-2014A)Movingout,movingbackInthecountriesallovertheworld,peopleareleavingthecountrysideinhugenumberstofindjobsinthecities.Theyleaveb____81____thecountrysideismuchpoorerthanthecityandoftenthereisn’tmuchworkthere.S____82____suchastransport,entertainment,hospitalsandschoolsareusuallymuchbetterincitiesthantheyareinthecountry.Theyhopethattheirliveswillimprovewhentheymovetothecity.ButinthebigcitiesofEuropeandAmerica–London,Paris.NewYork,peoplearemovingoutofthecity.Theseareusuallyfamilieswhohavesomemoney,andwanttoliveaquieterlife.Theygett____83____ofthenoiseanddirtofthecity,thecrowdedstreets,crowdedtrainsandbuses.Theydon’twanttositintrafficanymore.Theywantahousewithagarden,andcleanairthatisn'tP____84____.Sotheymoveout.Somedon'tgoveryfar,justalittlewayoutofthecity,tothetownsnearthecities.O____85____peoplemovetotherealcountryside,withsheepandcowsandgreenfields!There,theystarttheirnewlivesandtrytomakenewfriends.Notallthosewhomovefromthecitytothecountrysidearchappy.Aftertwoorthreeyears,manypeoplewhohavedonethisfeelthatitwasabigm____86____.Theydon'tmakeasmuchmoneyandthereisn'tmuchtodo.Countrypeopleareverydifferentandaren'talwaysveryfriendly.Asaresult,quitealotofpeoplewhohavemovedtothecountrysidemovebacktothecity.“It’sw____87____toseecrowdsinthestreetsandcinemalights”theysay.‘I’msogladI'mbackinthecity!”C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考HK-2014A)IheardastoryaboutanolderwomanwhostoodinlineatthePostOffice.Shec____81____withayoungmannexttoher.Theyoungmann____82____thatshehadnopackagetomail,andaskedwhyshewasstandinginline.Shesaidthatshejustneededafewstamps.“Ma’am,youmustbetiredstandinghere.Doyouknowthere’sastampmachineoverthereinthecorner?”Hep____83____tothemachinebuiltintothewall.“Thankyou,”theladyreplied,“butI’lljustwaitherealittleI____84____.I’mgettingclosetothewindow.”“Butitwouldbesomuche____85____foryounottostandinthislonglineandbuyyourstampsfromthemachine.”Thewomansmiledandanswered,“Oh,Iknow.Butthatoldmachinewouldn____86____askmehowmygrandchildrenaregettingalong.”Shehadaneedgreaterthantheneedf____87____postagestamps–aneedtofeelconnectedtoother15\npeople.Anditwasaneedthatcouldnotbemetbyastampmachine.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考CN-2014A)Imaginethis:romanceisallaroundyou,youhavemetandfalleninlovewiththemostwonderfulperson.Theonlytroubleis,youarenotathome,youareinacompletelydifferentpartofthew____81____.Howdoyouletthatspecialpersonknowhowyoufeel?FranceTheonlyplacetosay'JET'AIME'(Iloveyou)isonaParisbridgeinthemoonlight.IfyoureallywanttogofortrueFrenchstyle,youwillneedtodressverysmartlyandgotoafashionableFrenchrestauranta____82____youhavesaidthemagicalwords.JapanThecherryblossomseasonisthemostromantictimeofayearinJapan.I____83____yourboyfriend/girlfriendinthepolitestwaypossible(youshouldalwaysbeaspoliteaspossibleinJapan!),setupanicelittlepicnicu____84____acherryblossomtreeandsay'SUKYO'.RussiaItmightbeminus6degreeswhenyousay'YATYEBYALYUBLYU',butthes____85____willbefallingaroundyouinStPetersburg.Thereisnoscenemoreromantic,andyouwon'tevenfeelthecold–yourheartwillbesow____86____inside!IndonesiaGosurfingontheIndonesiawatersofSumatraandseetheboyorgirlofyourdreams.Wakeuptoabeautifulsunrise,gosurfinginthecoolwatersalldayandr____87____intheevenings.AnytimeisOKtosay'SAYACINTAPADAMU'!Whereveryoucomefrom,onlysay'Iloveyou'whenyoutrulymeanit.Theymayonlybethreelittlewords,buttheyarepowerfulwordsinanylanguage!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考PD-2015A)Manyandherhusband,RichardGoldman,lovedbooks.Likemanyloversofbooks,they(81)s___________walkedpastabookstorewithoutstoppingtolookinside.Theyoftentalkedofopeningtheirownstoreoneday.Inordertorealizetheir(82)w___________,theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingbookbusiness.OnefigurecaughtMary’sattention:Shehadreadsomewherethatabout20percentofbookssoldweremysteries(推理小说),andmanybuyersofmysteriesspentmorethan$300ayearonbooks.SheandRichardthemselvesweremystery(83)r___________andhadabigcollectionofsuchbooks.OnHallowing1992,theyopenedtheMysteryLoversBookshopandCaféneartheirhome.Withthreechildrenincollege,itwas(84)i___________forthecoupletospendallthefamily’smoneytostartashop.Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theyusedsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.Inorderto(85)a___________customers,Maryalwayshadnewways.Theshophadacoffeebaranditofferedpresentstomysteryloversandserveddinnersforbookclubsthatmetinthestore.Shealsoinvitedmanywritersto(86)d___________theirstorieswiththebuyerstoletthemunderstandthestoriesbetter.Nowafterpayingtaxes,businesscostsandthesixpart-timesalesclerks,RichardandMarytogetherearnabout$34,000.“Thejobwelovemaynotgohandinhandwithlotsofmoney,”saysRichard.“Wedothistogivean(87)e___________lifetoourselves.Thisisnotaboutmakingalotofmoney.Whatmattersisthatwegainhappinessfromit.”15\nD.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):（14分）(参考PT-2014A)Whenhewasateenager,HunterAdamswasveryunhappy,andhespentmanyyearsinthe1960sand1970sinahospitalforpeoplewithmentalhealthproblem.Whenhel____81____thehospital,Adamsdecidedtobecomeadoctor,sobewenttomedicalschoolinthestateofVirginia,intheU.S.Thereheoftendidthingsdifferentlyfromthedoctorsandotherstudents.Forexample,hedidn'tlikethedoctor'sw____82____coats,soheworeshirtswithflowersonthemwhenhevisitedhispatients.Healsotriedtomakethemhappy.Thedoctorsatthemedicalschooldidn'tlikeAdamsbecausehewastoodifferent.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinahospitalneedmorethanm____83____.Hesawthatpatientswerelonelyandunhappy.Hetriedtohelpthem,notjustaspatientsbutaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital.Heoftenputonaredrosetolooklikeaclownandtomakethechildrenl____84____.Whenhefinishedmedicalschoolandbecameadoctor,AdamsandsomeotherdoctorsbegananorganizationcalledtheGesundheitInstitute.Oneoftheirg____85____istobuildaclinicandteachingcenter.Itwillbeaplacewithadifferentwayofworkingwithsickpeople.HunterAdamsbecamef____86____duringthe1980s,andin1998,UniversalPicturesmadeasuccessfulm____87____aboutAdams’slifecalledPatchAdams.RobinWilliamsplayedAdams.Williamssaid,“Hunterisareallywarmperson,whobelievesthatpatientsneedadoctorwhoisafriend.Ienjoyplayinghim.”C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考ZB-2014A)ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldman–ownerofagroceryshopFredYoung–Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(机械师)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop,SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments(调试)totheirnewi____81____–ashoppingcart.Sylvan:Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred:Really?Sotheyp____82____shoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan:(nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,b____83____noneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred:Idon’tunderstand.Weinventedthecartsothatpeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan:(laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred:Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan:Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookw____84____andslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred:Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan:Um…Fred:What?Theydon’tlikethecarte____85____?Sylvan:Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred:Ohno.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustg____86____uponthisinvention!15\nSylvan:Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops.)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred:Whatisit?Sylvan:I’llhiresomegood-lookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendthey’reshopping.Fred:Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,“Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!”Sylvan:E____87____.Fred:Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan:Greatidea!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考BS-2014A)Therearedifferentwaysoftellingastory.Itcanbetoldinwords,inpictures,inmusic,andactedo____81____,oritcanbetoldbystillanotherway–bydancing.Dancingthattellsastoryiscalledaballet（芭蕾舞).Thedancinginaballetisdonetomusic,butthestoryistoldbythemovementsofthedancers.Thereisnosingingandspeakinginit.Aballetisaworkofartjustasabeautifulpicture.Theoriginofballetd____82____backabout600yearsago,whichbeganasakindofentertainmentinthecourtsoftherulersinItaly.TwohundredyearslaterballetwadpopularintheFrenchcourt.TheFrenchKingLouisXIVfoundedaballetschool.LatertherulersofRussiabecameinterestedinballet.TheyofferedlargeamountsofmoneytothebestballetmastersanddancersofFrance.Theyalsosetuptheirownballetschoolsanddancecompanies(舞蹈团).SoonRussiansproducedmanyfamousballets.“SwanLake”wasoneofthem.Russianstransformedtheworlddance,music,art,theatreandevenf____83____.Thebasicpositions(姿势)andtechniquesofballetweredevelopedlongago.Overthecenturies,choreographers（编舞者）haverevised（修改）theclassicaltechniques,butthebasicpositionshaveremainedthesame.Whenyoubeginlearningthestepsandposes（舞姿）ofballet,youwillrealizethatmostofthemhaveFrenchnames.Forexample,apartofaballetthatisdancedbyjusttwopeopleiscalledpas-de-deux(芭蕾双人舞).MostoftheFrenchtermshavebeenc____84____throughouttheyears.Balletdancingisknownforitsgraceandelegance,asballerinas(芭蕾舞女演员)seemtoglide（滑行）acrossthestagealmosteffortlessly（不费力地）.Balletdancersstrivetoappeartallandlightontheirfeet.Femaledancersraisethemselvesevenhigherbygoingupontheirtoeswithpointeshoes（足尖鞋）.Probablythemostimportantpartofaballetdancer'sequipmentisballetshoes.Afterseveralyearsofpropert____85____,somefemaleballetdancerswearpointeshoestomakethemappearlighterandmoredelicate.Pointeshoesmakeitpossibleforballerinastodanceonthetipsoftheirtoes.Thefirstballetwasperformedover500yearsago.Ment____86____dancedtheleadingroles,aswomenwereconsideredtooweaktoperformthechallengingandsometimesdaringchoreography（大胆的舞蹈动作）.Butnowagirlhasasgoodachanceasaboyofbeingafamousballetdancer.Manyofthemostfamousballetswereadaptedfromfairytalesandfolkstories.Someballetsarebasedonhistoricaleventsandbiblestories.Inaballetyoucanfindthemostbeautifulandgracefulofalldancestyles.Ifyou'veeverseenal____87____balletonstage,youareawareofaballerina'samazingabilitytotransportanentireaudienceintoanotherworld.Allballetdancershaveonethingincommon:aloveofgrace,beautyanddiscipline(有素养)ofballet.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考MH-2014A)ChuckWallteachesmanagementandhumanrelationsatBakersfieldCollege.Hewalkedintotheclassonedayandtoldhisstudentsthattheirhomeworkwastoperformoneactofrandom(任意的)kindness.Hisstudentsdidnotc____81____understandthehomeworkanddidn’tknowwhattodo,buttheprofessor15\nwouldnotanswertheirquestions.Heencouragedhisstudentstoworkitoutbythemselves.Oneweeklater,thestudentsenteredtheclassroomexcitedlytosharetheirs____82____.Onestudentgaveawayblanketstothehomeless.Anotherreportedonhelpinganoldmancleaningthehouse,andanotherstudenthadbeentryingtof____83____along,lostfriend.Studentswereenergized(给予活力的)bythehomeworkandwantedotherpeopletobekindtoo.Andluckily,thelocalbusinessesprovidedthemsomemoneyandmaterials.Withthes____84____ofthem,thestudentsmadestickerstoputoncarsthatinvitedpeopletodosomethingkindforothers.Theysoldthestickersanddecidedtodonatethemoneytoacenterfortheblind–notsurprisingasProfessorWallisblind.Sincethen,kindnessactivitieshavebeenveryp____85____inschoolsaroundtheworld.ManyschoolsorganizeaRandomActsofKindnessWeek,aroundNovember13th,tocelebrateWorldKindnessDay.someschoolsuseeachdayofRandomActsofKindnessWeektoperformdifferentkindacts,suchasmakinganewfriend,helpingsomeone,doingcommunityservice,orr____86____moneyforacharity.Studentslearntoconsiderotherpeopleandthinkabouthowsmallactionscanmaketheworldab____87____place.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考JD-2014A)Airpollution,asweknowittoday,startedwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninEuropeinthe19thcentury.Inthelastfewdecades,ithasb____81____aseriousproblemforourenvironment.Whenharmfulelementsgetintotheair,theymaycausehealthproblemsandcanalsod____82____theenvironment,buildingsandsoil.Theymaketheozonelayer(臭氧层)muchthinnerandtheclimatemorechangeable.Ourmodernlifestylehasledtodirtierairovertheyears.Factories,allkindsofvehicles,thegrowingnumberofpeoplearethethingsthatarer____83____forairpollutiontoday.Butnotallairpollutioniscausedbypeople.Smog,forestfires,duststormsandvolcaniceruptionscanalsoleadtothepollutionoftheatmosphere.Smog(雾霾)isam____84____ofsmokeandfog.Itoccurswhengasesfromhurtfuelgettogetherwithfogontheground.Whenheatandsunlightgettogetherwiththesegases,theyformdangerousparticlesintheair.Smogoccursinbigcitieswithalotoftraffic,e____85____inthesummertime.Whenitisveryhot.Smogstaysneartheground.Itcauseslungdiseasesandbreathingproblemsandinsmogareas,wecan’tseewell.Today,citieswithalargep____86____havethebiggestsmogproblems–LosAngeles,MexicoCityorCairo.Thesmogoftenstaysoverthecitiesformanydays.ThousandsofpeopledieinLondoneveryyear.Alotofmeasureshavebeentakentopreventsmogsofar.Driversarenota____87____todriveonsmogdaysinsomecities.Factoriesusecoalthatdoesn’thavemuchsulfur(硫磺)init.Socarsaremuchenvironmentallyfriendlytoday.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考SJ-2014A)An8-year-oldMiamiboy,JoshuaWilliams,ispresidentofhisownnon-profitorganization–Joshua’sSavetheWorld.Hisorganizationprovidesfoodandclothesforp____81____peopleandfamiliesinMiamiandtheneighboringareas.Joshuahasr____82____thousandsofdollarsforhisorganization.Hestartedtohelpthehungrywhenhewasjust5.Hewasinhismother’scarwhentheypassedabeggar.Joshuaaskedhismothertostopsothathecouldgivehim$20.“It’smym____83____.Iwanttohelphim,Mum,”Joshuarecalled.Oneyearlater,hecreatedhisorganizationwiththehelpofhismotherandFrancineHanna,alocalbusinesswoman.15\n“Hejustthoughtthatwaswhathewantedtodo,”hismothersaid.“Andtherewasnothingthatcoulds____84____him.”Theorganizationnowprovidesclothing,furnitureandfoodforthepoorpeopleinAmerica.Atthesametime,Joshuanevermissesac____85____toencourageotherpeopletofollowwhathedidwhetheratchurchoronthestreets.EarlLairdlosthisjobtwoyearsagoandhasn’tmanagedtogetan____86____one.Withoutmoney,hecan’tpayfortheflatandhastoliveonthestreet.HedependsonfoodfromJoshua’sSavetheWorld.“JoshuaisanangelfromGod,”hesaid.JoshuahaswonMiami’s“DotheRightThing”awardandthe“KidsWhoCare”competition,whichawardedhima$1,000note.Eventhoughhehasa____87____doneplenty,hesaidthathismission(使命)toprovideforthepoorisfarfromfinished.“Iwanttogetateamtogether,”Joshuasaid.“Iwantmyteamtogooutandgivefoodtopeoplewhohaveaneedforit.IwanttospreadlovetocountriesinAfrica.”15