初中英语中考语法名词性从句 4页

上海中考英语语法考点：名词性从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词1，从属连词五个：that无词义，在从句中不做成分，在宾语从句中可省略。whether，if有词义，在从句中不做成分，不可以省略。asif,asthough不做成分。2，连接代词九个：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever，有词义，在从句中做成分，不可以省略。3，连接副词七个：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however有词义，在从句中做状语，不可以省略。二.主语从句1，主语从句：通常由下列词引导：从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom；连接副词how，when，where，why等。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.2，常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。谓语动词一般用单数形式。Itisafactthat，Itisanhonorthat，Itiscommon，Itisapitythat，Itissaidthat，tseemsthat,Itisnaturalthat　　3，what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.三、宾语从句1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句，that在句中不担任任何成分，常被省去。　　2，用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。用whether或if引导的宾语从句，保持陈述语序。　　　3，think,believe,imagine,suppose，guess,expect,fancy,consider等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。doubtwhether,don’tdoubtthat…四、表语从句1、在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif。thereasonisthat…Itisbecause…Itappears/seemsthat…Ithappensthat…Itturnsoutthat…Itlooksasif…Itseemsasif…2、当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。whether可引导表语从句，但if不可以。五、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，that不可以省略,可由whether引导，不可用if.2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如belief,advice,demand,doubt,possibility,thought,proposal,case,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,request,suggestion,wish,word,reason,question,\ntruth,conclusion,result.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物和人。3、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1）定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句是名词性的，与先行词是同位或等同的关系,起补充说明的作用。2）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，不充当句中任何成分。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.定从ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.同从，that不可省略。3）What不能引导定语从句，但可以引导同位语从句。Ididn’thavetheideawhatyoumean.4）How,when,where,why的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词，引导定从。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。Doyouhaveanyideawherehelives.HesolvedtheproblemwhytheTVwasoutoforder.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.以上都是同位语从句。whether,how不可引导定从。Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathewasill.定从六、名词性wh-从句wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等：　　主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.　　　直接宾语：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.　　　间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.　　　表语：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.　　　宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.　　同位语：　Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.　　　形容词宾语：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.　介词宾语：　Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.　七、what引导的名词性从句1，表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“thethingthat...;allthat...;everythingthat....”：Hesaveswhatheearns.WhatMaryisisthesecretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。2，表示“……的人或的样子”，相当于thepersonthatHeisnolongerwhathewas.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?3，表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于theamount/numberthatOurincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.4，表示“……的时间”,相当于thetimethat：Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.5，表示“……的地方”,相当于theplacethatThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.八、whether与if在作是否的意思时1，可用if的情形：宾语从句一般可用if或whether引导。2，只用whether的情形\n1)宾语从句中，在decide,discuss后，有ornot时，作介词宾语时，if会引起歧义时，从句放句首时必须用whether。2)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及接不定式时。Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.选择填空1._____________youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This2.Theyhavenoideaatall____________.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgone3._____________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto_______________.A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneededC.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneeded5.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike6.Canyoumakesure_____________thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput7.Noonecanbesure_____________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike8._____________theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That9.Itworriedherabit_____________herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for10._____________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether11.Heasked_____________fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12.—Doyouremember____________hecame?—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if13._____________isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It14.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____________sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho15.____________wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____________wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what\n16._____________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where17.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____________heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever18.___________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where19.Itwasamatterof____________wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever20.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where21.___________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever22.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____________Icantosavethem.A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever23._____________shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.That;whatB.What;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that24.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why25.____________isnopossibility___________Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether26.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____________.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited27.Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so28.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstand______theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how29.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise________hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether30.Wehaven'tsettledthequestionof______________itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that31.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what32.---Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?---Theyalwaysletmedo_______IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what33.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when34.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning________histeammateshaddone.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while