初中英语主谓一致(中考教师版) 12页

主谓一致(2012中考教师版)【考点分析】主谓一致是历年中考的必考点之一，09广东、2011广东的单项选择均有出现。主要考查内容涉及名词单复数、不可数名词作主语，不定代词、并列结构作主语，特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致。命题形式主要有：单项选择、完型填空、看图填空等。【知识回顾】1.Helen,alongwithherbrothers,(have)goneabroad.(u5p21)2.Neithermymothernormyfather(like)it,butIlikeitverymuch.(u5p21)3.Thewriterandspeaker(give)aspeechoninherhometownnow.(u5p22)4.Mostofthestudentsinourclass(be)fortheplan.(u5p23)(key:haslikesgivesare)【一语中的】主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。包括三大原则：语法一致，意义一致以及就近一致原则。【知识精讲】一.语法一致1.1)Thebaby(be)cryingnow.2)Thestoriesinthatbook(be)interesting.3)There(be)somemilkintheglass.(key:1.is2.are3.is)【规则1】主语是单数或不可数名词，谓语用单数。复数名词做主语，谓语用复数形式。2.1)Doingeyeexercisesregularly(be)goodforyoureyes.2)Toeat(be)tolive.3)WhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyetA.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotbeendecidedD.havenotbeendecided.4)Whereshehasgone(be)notknownyet.5)Whatweneed(be)timebutwhattheyneedgoodtextbook.(Key:1-2.is3.C4.is5.isare)【规则2】主语是动名词或不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的单复数由后面的表语而定。3.1)GuangzhouandShanghai(be)areChinesecities.2)BothMikeandhissister(like)drawingpictures.3)Ayearandahalf(have)passedsineIsawhimlasttime.4)Morethanonepersonhere(be)goingtofindanewjob.5)Manya(have)cometojoinus.(key:1.are2.like3.has4.is5.has【规则3】由连词and和both...and连接的并列主语后面，谓语用复数。而由"a...andahalf"、"morethanone和manya"构成的主语，谓语则用单数形式。4.1)(be)anybodyhere?\n1)Everything(be)allright.(key:1.ls2.is)【规则4】作主语时，谓语动词常用形式.(不定代词,单数)5.1)Eitherofthebooks(be)mine.2)Neitherofhisparents(have)comeyet.3)a.Eachofthem(be)dancingnow.b.Theyeach(be)dancingnow.(key:1.is2.has3.is4.are)【难点1】"either/neither/eachof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单.而each放在做主语后，不影响主语的数。6.1)TheheadteacherwithhisstudentsTeanchengshanParkifittomorrow.(2011湖北黄冈)A.isgoingto;isn'tiBinyregoingto;isn'trainyC.isgoingto;won'tDaiaregoingto;doesn'train(key:D)【规则5】主语后面有aswellas,(together/along)with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,like,including…等引导的短语时，谓语动词应与该短语前的名词(也就是句子的主语)一致。7.1)Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthemaboutscience.(2011四川绵阳)A.isareB.was,wereC.areisD.were,was(key:A)【规则6】主语为“anumberof复数名词...时谓语动词用复数，主语为"thenumberof+复数名词"谓语动词则用单数。8.1)Yourshoes(be)madeinWenzhouandthispairof\nshoes(be)madeinourfactory.(key:1.are,is)【规贝U7】主语是glasses,shorts,gloves,scissors,trousers,jeansclothes,shoes,chopsticks等复数名词时，谓语动词用J数.但当有pair,kind,type(类型)等修饰的时候，则取决于量词的单复数形式。9.1)Chinaisgreatcountrythat(have)about5000yearsofhistory.\n1)Hewho(learn)butdoesnotthinkislost;hewho(think)butnotlearnisindanger.(key:1.has2」earns)【规则8】在定语从句中，关系代词who,that,which,等用作主语时，其谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。二•意义一致1.1)Fiveminutes(be)enough.2)Tendollars(be)toodear.3)Twoweeks(be)spentonthisproject.4)Fiveandfour(be)nine.(Key:1-2is3.was4.is)【规则1】谓语动词常用单数形式有以下几种:A:表示时间、价格、金钱、度量衡的复数名词作主语时B:四则运算，谓语动词常用单数。2.1)Thesingerandthedancer(be)verybusynow.2)Thesingeranddancer(be)verybusynow.3)Aknifeandfork(be)onthetable.4)Breadandbutter(be)dailyfoodinthewest.(key:1.are2.is3.is4.is)【难点1】and接两个以上名词作主语时，表示两件配对物品(针线，表链，刀叉，面包奶油)在一起时，谓语动词用数形式。此时要注意第二个名词前没有冠词.2.1).----PhysicsmoredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?(2011四川德阳)——Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.hasD.Have(key:A)【规则2】以"s"结尾的词常见的有news,physics,maths,politics,theUnitesStates等作主语，谓语用单数。#.\n1)Thepolice(be)lookingforthethief.(key:are)【规则3】集合名词police,cattle,people,staff等作主语，谓语用复数。4.1)Myfamily(be)abigfamily.2)Thefamily(be)watchingTV.3)Theteam(be)madeupoftwelveplayers.4)Theteamdoingexercisenow,theyarereadyforthenextmatch.(key:1.is2.are3.is4.are)【难点2】集体名词class,family,army,enemy,group,public,team,company,crowd,party,government等作主语时，女口视为用单数，强调，就用复数。(整体,个体成员)6.1)None(know)abouttheplan.2)None(have)beenfoundout.3)Noneoftheapples(be)good.4)Noneoftheapple(be)good.(key:1.knows/know2.have/has3.is/are4.is)【规则6】none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。.后面如果接单数名词或不可数，谓语动词用单数。.noneof短语作主语时，后面如果接复数名词，谓语动词单复数均可7.1)Halfofthebuildings(be)destroyed.2)Mostofthestudentsinourclass(be)boys.3)Twothirdsofthesurfaceoftheearth(be)sea.(key:1.were2.are3.is)【难点3】以lotsof，alotof，halfof，allof，partof，mostof，someof，therestof，70%of,twothirdsof+n.作主语时,谓语动词应视短语后名词来决定。是可数名词单数或不可数名称，则用单数，是可数名词复数，则用复数.9.\n\n1)Therich(be)notalwayshappy.2)Thenew(be)suretoreplacetheold.(key:areis)【规则7】the+adj.表示一类人，作复数名词，谓语用复数。the+adj.表示事物或抽象概念，作单数名词，谓语常用单数三•就近原则1)——Leo,nomilkoreggsinthefridge.----Oh,I'IIgoandbuysomerightaway(2010福建)A.itisB.thereisC.thereare2).Neithermyfathernormymotherrockmusic.Theythinkthatit(2011山西)ooA.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.likes;noisy(key:BD)【规则1】a.Therebe结构中，谓语动词与它邻近的主语保持一致b.当or,either…orneither…nprnotonly…butais连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与它邻近的主语保持一至攵【真题放送】1)Robertwithhistwokidstothebeachforvacationeveryyear.(2009广东)A.goB.goesC.wentD.aregoing2)----David,thereadictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.----OK.Mum.I'lidoitrightaway.(2011广东)A.isB.areC.hasD.have3).—LinHuaandLiWeiareverygoodatEnglish.—Yes.Buttomygreatsurprise,ofthempassedtheEnglishexamthistime.(08清远)A.eitherB.neitherC.noneD.Both4).Thenumberofpandassmallerandsmaller.(09清远)A.isbecomingB.arebecomingC.becomesD.become(key:BABA)【实战演练】\n1.Awomanwithababycominghere.A.isB.are2.Thegirlaswellastheboyslearnedtodriveacar.A.hasB.have3.Wheneveranything,pleasestayherequietly.A.happensB.happen4.Manyamanthestory.A.believeB.believes5.Ayearandahalfalreadypassed.A.hasB.have6.Twelvepercentoftheworkersherewomen.A.isB.are7.HisfamilywatchingTV.A.isB.are8.Breadandbuttertheirdailyfood.A.isB.are9.Notonlyapenbutalsotwobookslost.A.wasB.were10.Theboyandthegirleachtheirowntoys.A.hasB.have11.Mathsnoteasytolearn.A.isB.are12.Tomasterthespiritofaforeignlanguage___noteasy.A.isB.are13.AnumberofthestudentsgoingtovisittheHistoryMuseum.A.isB.are14.Thenumberofthegirlstudentsinthatschoolsmallerthanthatoftheboystudents.A.isB.are15.Thedoctorandscientisttothemeeting.A.wasinvitedB.wereinvited16.Imisshimverymuch,youknow,28daysshort.A.isn'tB.aren't\n1.Three-fifthsofthewaterdirty.A.isB.are2.Iaswellasyouagoodboy.A.areB.am3.Eachofthem(have)anIphone4s.A.hasB.have4.Myfather,togetherwithhisfriend,goingtovisitNanshaIslandsA.isB.are(Keys:1--5AAABA6--10BBABB11--15AABAA16-20AABAA)二.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.(be)everythingOK?2.Nobody(know)theanswertothequestion.3.Tendividedbytwo(be)five.4.Mostofthedrinkingwater(be)fromthePearlriver.5.NotonlyshebutalsoI(do)morningexerciseseveryday.6.Eitheryouorshe(have)madeawrongdecision.7.Thefamily(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.8.Breadandbutter(be)herdailybreakfast.9.Thepolice(be)tryingtocatchthethief.10.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.(key:1.Is2.knows3.is4.is5.am6.has7.are8.is9.are10.isare)三.对比练习1.(1)Thesingerandthedancer(be)fromGuangzhou.(2)Thesingeranddancer(be)fromGuangzhou.2.(1)NotonlyyoubutalsoTom(work)herefortenyears.(2)Nothing(be)impossible.3.(1)Mr.ChenorI(be)goingtotakepartinthecompetition.(2)BothMr.ChenandI(be)goingtotakepartinthecompetition.\n4.(1)There(be)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.(2)There(be)somebooksandapenonthedesk.5.(1)Eachofthem(be)laughingandtalking.(2)Theyeach(be)laughingandtalking.6.(1)Herfamily(be)muchlargerthanmine.(2)Herfamily(be)watchingTVwhenIcamein.7.(1)Thenumberofourclass(be)forty.(2)Anumberofstudents(be)playingsoccernow.8.(1)Thesmiths(be)watchingfootballgame.(2)Mr.Smith(be)watchingfootballgame.9.(1)Janewithhistwokids(go)tothebeachforvacationeveryyear.(2)Jane(go)tothebeachforvacationeveryyear.10.(1)Thiskindofmovies(be)worthseeing.(2)Moviesofthiskind(be)worthseeing.(key:1.areis2.hasworkedis3.amare4.isare5.isare6.isare7.isare8.areis9.goesgoes10.isare)【强化训练】一．单项选择1)Inourschoollibrary,thereanumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.have;is1)---Haveyougotsomewatertodrink?---Hereyouare.Therestillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.hasC.isD.have2)Howtimeflies!Threeyearsreallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3)EveryoneIcomefromSichuan.Actually,IcomefromShandong.\nA.findB.thinkC.findsD.thinks1)Climbinghillsofgreathelptoourhealth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are2)TenthousanddollarsmorethanIcanafford．A．hasB．haveC．isD．are3).Thesepoliceoften___thechildrenacrossthestreet.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping4)Thesingeranddancer___toattendourEnglishevening.AisBareCwasDwere5)Thewriterandthesingeraskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting．A．isB．areC．hasD．were6)Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmatesinvitedtotheparty．A．wasB．wereC．hasD．have7)Halfoftheapplesgood．A．isB．areC.wasD．be8).About80percentofthepopulationfarmers.A.areB.isC.wasD.were9)NeitherMarynorherbrothergoodatsinging.A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot14).theremanyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFriday?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were15).---Howmanychildreninthepicture?---Three.A.hasthereB.isthereC.havethereD.arethere16).In1850,aboutathirdofU.S.Acoveredbyforests.A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.was17).Mostofourearthcoveredbywater.A.areB.isC.wasD.were18).Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.Ahas;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown(key:1-5ACADC6-10CAADA11-15BBADD16-18DBC)二．完成句子1.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。theteacherhisstudentslikeplayingfootball.\n1.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Myfamilylunchnow.2.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。apenandsomebooksonthedesk.3.在太阳下读书对眼镜有害。Readinginthesuntoyoureyes.4.爸爸和他的同事都去了海南。MyfatherhisworkmatetoHainan.(key:1.notonlybutalso2.arehaving3.Thereis4.isharmfulfor5.awwellashasgone)三．句子翻译1)他们每人都有一本英语词典。2)我的家乡在过去的几年里发生了很大的变化。1)电子邮件，和电话一样，在日常生活中正起着重要作用。2)早睡再起对你的健康有益。3)任何人都知道地球绕着太阳转。(Key:1.EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfewyearsinmyhometown.3.E-mail,aswellastelephones,isplayinganimportantpartindailylife.4.Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourearth.5.Everyoneknowsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.)四．语篇填空Thewriterandspeaker(give)aspeechonChinesecultureinherhometownnow.Thestreetstothelecturehall(be)crowdedwithherfans.Thepolice(help)peopleenterthehall.Eachofherfans(be)socrazythataboy,togetherwithhisfriends,(wait)forthreehoursthere.Thoughthreehours(be)verylong,eachofthemstill(feel)happy.(key:isgivingarearehelpingisiswaitingisfeels)