- 253.71 KB
- 2022-07-18 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
初中英语复合句中考专项讲解与练习\n————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:\n?鹰击长空—基础不丢一、宾语从句?在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、语序和时态1、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that;2)whether/if;3)特殊疑问词What/when/where/who等。?Hesaidthathecouldhelpme.Yourmotheraskedifyoucouldfinishyourworkthisweek.Canyoutellmewhenthesportsmeetingwillbegin?(1)that引导的宾语从句:that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。Hesaid(that)hecouldcomeontime.他说他会准时来的。?(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句:?从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。?Letusknowwhether/Idonifyoucanfinishtheworkbeforet’carewhetheryoulikethestoryorFriday.not.注意:以下情况一般只用whether不用if。①接带to的动词不定式。Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothezoo.她不知道是不是去动物园。②与ornot连用时。?I’mnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeontime.他能否准时来,我说不准。(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句:此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,what,which等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如:?Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?Hedidn’ttellmehowlonghewouldstayhere.2、宾语从句的三个注意事项1)语序:宾语从句要用陈述语序,原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。?把这两个简单句合成一个复合句:?Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?→____________________________________________________Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.→?__________________________________________________\n2)时态:如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。?Myteachersayshewillbebackinaweek.?Myteachersayshehasseenthemovie.如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。?MyfathersaidhewaswatchingTVatthattime.?Myfathersaidthehehadalreadyseenthemovie.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时,用一般现在时。?Ourteachertoldusthesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。3)否定转移:?主句的主语如果是第一人称,从句的否定要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如:?Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?二、定语从句?用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面,这个名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语关系代词which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语when时间名词时间状语关系副词where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语1.选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如:?Dotome?:①看所修饰的是人还是物;②看它所代表的先行youknowthemanwho/thatsellseggs(先行词是“theman”,在从句中作主语,用who/that)Yourfatherwasnotonthetrainthat/whicharrivedjustnow.?(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作主语)?Thisisthebook(which/that)youwanted.(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作宾语,可省)Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor?\n(先行是人,whose代表“男孩的”,在从句中作定)?Youcangohomewhereyoucanhavearest.(先行是地点,where相当于athome,在从句中作地点状)Doyouremembertheyearwhenwewerehungryeveryday?(先行是,when相当于intheyear,在从句中作状)Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedidn’tcometoourparty?是原因,why相当于forthereason,在从句中作原因状)?(先行2.引作可以省略。例如:Haveyouseenthebook(that)Igaveyouyesterday?3.引在定从句中作主,不能省略。例如:Doyouknowthemanwhoisspeakingtoyourfather??三、状语从句用作状的句子叫状从句。引状从句的接是从属。状从句可以在句首,也可以在句尾,根据其用途可分:状从句、地点状从句、原因状从句、果状从句、目的状从句、条件状从句,比状从句等。1?.状从句:状从句表示,常用接有:when(当⋯⋯时),while(当⋯⋯时),as(当⋯⋯时),before(在⋯⋯之前),after(在⋯⋯之后),since(自从),until(直到),assoonas(一⋯⋯就),once(一旦⋯⋯就)等。例如:?Ididn’togtobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.IcanlistentotheradiowhileIwork.注意:?①状从句中,要用一般在代替一般将来。Iwilckltelephoneyouwhenhecomes.?I’llstayhereuntil.?②when引状从句,表示主句的作和从句的作同或先后生youcomeba,从句的可以是延性,也可以是瞬。例如:HewasworkingwhenIwentin.Whensheheardthenews,shebegantocry.?while引的状从句中常用延性或表示状的,意思是“在⋯⋯期”。Theyrushedinwhileweweresinging.我唱歌,他冲来。?as引状从句,同生,不分先后。可以成“随着”或“一⋯⋯一”。?Johnsingsashewalkshome.③while可以表示两者之的比关系。Ilikeplayingfootball,whileTomlikeslisteningtomusic.④since引状从句,主句常用在完成,从句常用一般去。WehavebeenfriendssincewemetinBeijing.?Ithasbeensixyearssincesheleftschool.?2.地点状从句:地点状从句表示地点。其接有where(哪里),wherever(无哪里)等。?Putitwhereyoufindit.?Youcansitwhereveryoulike.?\n3.原因状从句:原因状从句表示原因或者理由。为),since(既然)等。?Iofteneatcarrots其接有:because(因),as(因becausetheyaregoodformyhealth.?AsIdon’tknowtheway,Ihadtoaskthepoliceman.?注意:①because表示因果关系气最,常用来回答why提出的。?Ididn’ttellthembecausetheyweretooyoung.②because和so不能同在一个句子里。?Becausethebookwasexpensive,Ididn’tbuyit.(I前不用so)?4.果状从句:表示果。其接有:so⋯that⋯(如此⋯⋯以致⋯⋯),sothat(结果),such⋯that⋯(如此⋯⋯以致⋯⋯)等。?It’ssuchagoodchancethatyoucan’tmissit.?注意:so⋯that和such⋯that都可以引果状从句,注意so和such后面所接的不同。?①such...thatsuch+a(an)+形容+数可数名+that从句such+形容+复数名/不可数名+that从句Hewassuchanhonestmanthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.TheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.?②但是如果名前由many、much、few、little(少)等修,用so。例如:Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.③so...thatso+形容/副.+that从句?so+形容+a(an)+数可数名词+that从句Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.Dr.Wangissogoodthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.?=Heissogoodadoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.=Heissuchagooddoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.)5.目的状从句:表示目的。其接有:so(以便),sothat(了),inorderthat(为了)等,从句中多用情can,will,may,shouldothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.等。?Hegotupveryearlys6.条件状从句:条件状从句表示条件。其接有:if(如果),unless(如果不,除非),aslongas(只要)等。Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoswimming.如果明天天气好的我去游泳。注意:①条件状从句中,要用一般在代替一般将来。?Unlessitrains,thewillbeplayed.如果不下雨,比就将行。?②unless意思相当于if⋯not⋯。?game7.步状从句:常由though/although(然),evenif/though(即使)等引。\nThoughit’shardowrk,Ienjoyit.突飞猛进—过手训练1.Idon’tknowifyoucometomypartytomorrow.〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法,从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句般将来时,此题误用作状语从句了。所以应把come改为will/cancome。,要用一2.CanyoutellmewheredoeshestudyEnglish??〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的语序的用法,特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,所以把助动词does去掉,而且因为从句主语是he,还要把study变成studies。3.Myteachertoldmethatlighttraveledfasterthanthesound.〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理(即光速比声速快),所以宾语从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为travels。4.Theyarethepeopleandbookswhoyouwanttolearn.?〔解析〕本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法,定语从句的先行词既有人和也有物,所以引导词要用人和物共用的that,不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为that。5.Hegottoschoolearlyifhecouldcleantheclassroom.?〔解析〕本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法。at引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为if引导条件状语从句,而此句应该用连接词sothat。soth突飞猛进—过手训练1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.Ican'tforgetthetime________theearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.when??B.which?C.that?D.where3.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound4.Ihurried_______Iwouldn'tbelateforclass.?A.soB.sothatC.ifD.unless5.Thisismybeautifulschool________isnearthefamouslibrary.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when\n6.Friendsarethose________makeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who7.—Doesanyoneknow________?—IhearthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom8.Idon'tknowifJack________.Ifhe________,callme,please.A.willcome;willcomesB.comes;comeC.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes9.TheTVplayisaboutatruestory________happenedinMianyangin1998.A.itB.whatC.thatD.when10.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen11.We______TVwhenthetelephone________.A.watched,wasringingB.werewatching,rangC.werewatching,ringsD.arewatching,rang12.Doyoulikemusic______makesyourelaxed?A.it?B.whatC.who?D.that13.—Doyouknow________theMP4yesterday?—Sorry.I'venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayforB.howmuchhepaidforC.hepaidforhowmuchD.hepaidhowmuchfor14.Isthattheman________helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who15.Hemetmanyproblems________hewasgoingoverhislessons.A.beforeB.assoonasC.sinceD.while16.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome17.________wellyoudrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.NomatterwhereB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Assoonas18.Wehavetogetupat7:15tomorrowmorning,________wewillbelateforthe7:40train.A.beforeB.orC.if\n19.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveeaveD.thetrainleaves20.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldC.arewillthetrainthetwolplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare21.Sorry,wedon'thavethecoat________youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which22.It'saseriousproblem.Wecan'tdecide________Mr.Harriscomesback.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.so23.It'ssnowingoutside!Putonmoreclothes,________youmaycatchacold.A.andB.but24.ThepolicemanaskedA.whatwasIdoingC.orD.thoughme________atthistimeyesterday.B.whatdidIdoC.whatIwasdoingD.whatIdo25.______Chinaisgrowinginmoreandmorecountries.A.IfB.Unless26.—Tommy,doyouknowifstrongerandstronger,ChineseistaughtC.AsD.AlthoughFrank_______tothetheatrewithusthisSundayifit________?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineC.willgo;isgoing27.CouldyouringA.arrivedD.willarriveB.goes;isfinetobefineD.goes;willbefinemeupassoonashe______?B.wouldarriveC.arrives28.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.?A.couldhecouldC.shecanD.shemay29.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.?A.travelledsheB.B.shastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled30.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which31.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where32.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.\nA.which33.GeorgeB.whenMallorywasanC.whoD.whomEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which34.Thisistheplace____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which35.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeetingA.thatB.whichC.whyD.when36.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.where.D.why37.HehasforgottentheA.whenday_______hearrived.B.whereC.thatD.which38.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.where39.Mr.White,______carhadbeenC.thatstolen,cametotheD.onwhichpoliceman.A.who40.HegottotheB.thatvillage_______C.whosehisfamilyonceD.whichlivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where