【中考必备】初中英语总复习资料精品讲义 74页

初中英语总复习资料精品讲义八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.现以冠词为例：1.Johnwasgiven_______orangebagforhisbirthdaybut______bagwaslostjustnow.A.an,aB.a,theC.the,aD.an,the2.There's________oldtreenear_______house.A.a,anB.an,theC.a,theD.the,a3.Thereis___800-metre-longroadbehind___hospital.A.an,anB.a,aC.an,theD.a,the4._______good,kindgirlsheis!A.HowB.WhataC.WhatD.Howa5.________badweather!Ihopeitwon'tlastlong.A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa6._______theyarelisteningtotheteacher!A.HowcarefulB.WhatcarefulC.HowcarefullyD.Whatcarefully由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：Apoorfarmerhadneverlefthissmallvillage.Afterhe(1)alotofmoney,hedecidedtospenda\nholidayinanexpensivehotel(旅馆)inabigtown.(2)lunchtimecameonhisfirstdaythere,hewenttoeatintherestaurant(餐馆)ofthehotel(3)hisnewclothes.Theheadwaiter(服务员)(4)himtothetable,tookhisorderandwentaway.Whenheturnedand(5)thefarmeragain,hehada(6)!Thefarmerhadtied(系)histableclothroundhis(7).Theheadwaitertoldanotherwaitertogotothefarmerand(8)himthatpeople(9)dosuchathinginhisrestaurant.Sothewaiterwenttothefarmerandsaidina(10)voice(声音),"Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoulikeahaircut?"1.A.lentB.madeC.paidD.gave2.A.DuringB.ThoughC.WhenD.Because3.A.forB.withC.onD.in4.A.wantedB.putC.showedD.brought5.A.lookedatB.watchedC.sawD.found6.A.lookB.restC.tableclothD.surprise7.A.armB.neckC.handD.head8.A.askB.tellC.taughtD.told9.A.can'tB.don'tC.won'tD.mustn't10.A.friendlyB.tiredC.sadD.ter要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“thesense\nofword"是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。词汇（一）这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。如：monkey--monkeys。(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish--fishChinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)—Germans(3)child—children\n4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜),这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：Myclothesare(be)newerthanyours.5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)Nonewsisgoodnews.6.可用howmany，many，afew，few，alotof，lotsof，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。Howmanyarethereinyourpencil-box?(knife)不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Somebread__________overthere.(be)3.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。4.常用apieceof,acupof等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesofbread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果threeboxesofapples例：1、Thesetwopiecesofbread__________overthere.(be)2、CouldIhavethree___________,please？A.pieceofbreadB.pieceofbreadsC.piecesofbreadD.piecesofbreads名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“'s”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“'”即可。如：Teachers'Day,twoweeks'holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's。如：Children'sDay关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：\n1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：myaunt's我姑姑家。gotothedoctor's去医生家。2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：LucyandLily's露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组：agirloffive一个五岁的女孩afriendofmine我的一个朋友eg;Thewhiteshirtisandblueoneis.A、Kate,myB.Kate's,mineC.Kate,mineD.Kate's,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anhour,anEnglishcar.请区别：ausefulmachine3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：thesun,themoon,theearth5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：thefirst,thebest,inthesouth6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。如：TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：inthebox,behindthechair8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：insummer,inAugust请区别：inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指，故加the)\n(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：havebreakfast,playfootball(3)一些固定词组中，如：gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,atnight.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：infrontof在…前面inthehospital在医院里inthefrontof在…范围内的前部inhospital(生病)住院练习:There's_________800-metre-longroadbehind_________hospital.A.an,anB.a,aC.an,theD.a,the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起(first,second,third,fourth)8少t，9去e，千万别忘记(eighth,ninth)逢5逢12，ve变f(fifth,twelfth)20到90，y要变ie(twentieth,ninetieth)若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)2.hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：fivehundredpeople.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。hundredsof数以百计的，成百上千的thousandsof数以千计的，成千上万的millionsof数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3.序数词常与定冠词the连用。\n练习:①Henryhaslearnedeight_________Frenchwordsthisyear.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof②The_________lessonisthemostdifficultoneinBookTwo.(twenty)另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点＋分钟)如：4:30fourthirty4:45fourforty-five4:15fourfifteen倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点)如：4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour／aquarterpastfour4:45fifteentofive／aquartertofive练习题:1.Atthebeginningofthe_____(twenty)century,theworld'spopulationwasabout1700million.2.Arethese_____(watch)yours?Yes.3.Youdon'tlookwell.You'dbettergotothe______(doctor)atonce.4.Wouldyougiveme________,please?A.twopapersB.twopieceofpaperC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers5.Therearethree_____andseven____inthepicture.A.monkeys,sheepsB.monkeys,sheepC.monkies,sheepD.monkies,sheeps6.Alotof____aretalkingwithtwo_______.A.Germans,FrenchmansB.Germen,FrenchmansC.German,FrenchmenD.Germans,Frenchmen7.June1is__.A.theChildren'sDayB.theChildrens'DayC.Children'sDayD.Childrens'Day\n8.__________peoplewentouttoseewhathadhappened.A.ThousandsofB.ThreethousandofC.ThousandofD.Threethousands9.Wehavebeenintheschoolfor______.A.threeandahalfmonthB.threeandahalfmonthsC.threemonthandahalfD.threemonthsandhalf10.__________Englishis___________usefullanguage.A.A,anB./,aC.The,anD.A,/11.Johnwasgiven_______orangebagforhisbirthdaybut______bagwaslostjustnow.A.an,aB.a,theC.the,aD.an,the12.There's________oldtreenear_______house.A.a,anB.an,theC.a,theD.the,a13.Thereis________800-metre-longroadbehind_________hospital.A.an,anB.a,aC.an,theD.a,the四.代词①人称代词:主格:单数I、you、he、she、it复数we、you、they宾格:单数me、you、him、her、it复数us、you、them⑵物主代词:形容词性my、your、his、her、its、our、your、their名词性mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs③反身代词:myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。\n2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。如：⑴Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(这里ours=ourbooks)⑵Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(这里ours=ourroom)3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属如：asisterofhis他的一个妹妹afriendofmine我的一个朋友4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime(过得很愉快)byoneself=alone(单独、独自)helponeselfto…(随便吃/喝些...)learnsth.byoneself=teachoneselfsth.(自学)练习题1.-Whosetrousersarethese?-_____,Ithink.A.TheyB.TheirC.TheirsD.Them2.Nobodytaught___English.Hetaught____.A.him,himselfB.his,himselfC.him,byhimselfD.his,his（二）修饰可数名词manyfew表否定意义afew表肯定意义修饰不数名词muchlittle表否定意义alittle表肯定意义few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a.如:Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.=用little,alittle,few,afew填空:\n1.IoftenstayathomebecauseIhave_______friendshere.2.Jim,don'tgoandgetsomewater.Thereis______waterintheglass.3.ThoughhelearnedFrenchonly________weeks.Hecanspeakverywell.4.Lilyhad_________breadbecauseshewashungryyesterday.（三）不定代词:something,anything,nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：somethingnewThere's__________intoday'snewspaper.中考题A.importantanythingB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.somethingimportant(四)另外，还要注意代词some,every,all,both,either,another1.some（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句①Willyougivemesomewater?②Wouldyoulikesomemeat?③MayIasksomequestions?④CouldIhavesomeapples?2.every＋单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each“每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。如:Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.Everychildlikesplayinggames.3.all“(全部)都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。\nnone“没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如：WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.（单、复数均可）4.both“（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。如：①Theybothswimwell.＝Bothofthemswimwell.②Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.③NeitherofusisgoingtoBeijingnextweek.④Neitheranswerisright.5.another+单数名词,“另一个”one…theother“一个……，另一个……”theother+复数名词=theothers“其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others“别人”(五)疑问代词5个“wh”,即who,whose,whom,what,which这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如:Iliketheredshirt.______________________doyoulike?练习:一、根据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通顺，语法完整\n6．Canyoucomewith　us　?(we)7．Theseskirtsare　hers　.Yoursareoverthere.(she)8．Pleasetakecareof　yourselves　,boysandgirls.(you)9．Idon'tthinkthisismyfrisby,thoughitlookslike　mine　.(I)10．Lookat　those　books.Aretheyyours?(that)二、根据首字母填空11．Isthereanythinginterestinginthenewspaper?12．Sheaskedustohelpeachother.13．Theoldmancanneitherreadnorwrite.14．Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.15．Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lucy.三、同义句转换16、A:Thechildrenplayedhappilyinthezooyesterday.B:Thechildren　enjoyed　　themselves　inthezooyesterday.17、A:Hedoesn'tlikemutton,andshedoesn't,either.B:　Neither　he　nor　shelikesmutton.18、A:AlltheAmericanpeopledon'tlikesandwiches.B:　Not　　all　theAmericanpeoplelikesandwiches.19、A:Theydon'toftenhearthetwinssingthesongintheschool.\nB:　Neither　ofthetwins　is　oftenheard　to　singthesongintheschool.[ZK)]四、单项选择(C)20、-CanyouspeakChinese,Peter?-Yes,butonly.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew(A)21、-DoyoulikeJane'snewskirt?-Yes,verymuch.I'llaskmumtobuyforme.A.oneB.itC.theotherD.a(B)22、Thecolorofherskirtisdifferentfromofmine.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this(B)23、Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning,somelikeswimming.likeballgames.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherD.other(A)24、-I'llgivetheboystoeat.-Oh,Iknow,fishandchips.A.somethingEnglishB.EnglishsomethingC.anythingEnglishD.Englishanything(D)25、-ShallIhelpyouwiththeheavybox?-No,thanks,Icandoit.A.meB.myC.mineD.myself\n(D)26、-Whattimeshallwemeetthisafternoon,3:00or4:00?-Idon'tmind.timeisOK.A.NeitherB.EachC.AnyD.Either(C)27、-Mybagisfull,whatabout?-isfull,too.A.you,YoursB.his,HeC.yours,MineD.hers,She(D)28、-I'vehadenoughbread,Wouldyoulike?-No,thanks.A.afewmoreB.onemoreC.anothermoreD.somemore(A)29、Therearemanytreesonsidesoftheriver.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.each(A)1、Hehastwobikes,oneisnew,isold.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others(C)2、Withoutthesun,couldgrowintheworld.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(B)3、ofthemisgoingtoplaybasketballwithyouthisafternoon.A.AllB.NeitherC.SomeD.Both(B)4、-Canyoutellmewhatapandalookslike?-Look!Thisisapictureof.\nA.itB.oneC.twoD.some(B)5、Therearenotmanypearshere,butyoucantakeifyouwantto.A.fewB.afewC.alittleD.little二、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级：比较...，更...一些最高级：最...（A）1.构成：(规则情况)情况变化方法例词单音节词和少数双音节词:一般情况加er,estclever-cleverer-cleverest以字母e结尾加r,stnice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er,estbig-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er,estearly-earlier-earliest部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more,most　slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly2.不规则变化，须熟记：good/well-better-bestmany/much-more-mostfar-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-least(B)常见的使用情况1.as…as…和...一样（中间用原级）2.notas(so)…as和...不一样（中间用原级）3…than…...比...（用比较级）4.有范围修饰的用最高级如:in,of,among或用从句修饰的\neg.⑴Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.⑵ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越….eg:wetterandwettermoreandmorebeautiful6.The+比较级，the+比较级越…...就越…...eg:Themore,thebetter.越多越好(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。2.可用much,alittle,even,still等修饰比较级。3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg:TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.(D)掌握三种同义句转换：1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone.=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.Whichdoyoulike_____,fish,meat_____eggs?A.best,orB.better,orC.best,andD.better,and此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enoughtodoenough+名词例如;Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够上学的年龄了。3.区别几组易混淆的副词:也too用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either\n用于否定句已经already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句不再no(notany)longer从时间上讲no(notany)more从动作上讲如此这样such修饰名词eg:suchabigboxso修饰形容词、副词eg:sobig单独、独自alone作表语=byoneself孤独的lonely可作表语、定语eg:Agroupofgirlsaresinginganddancing______overthere.(happy)练习题1.Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake._areclimbingthehill.A.OthersB.OtherC.AnotherD.Theother2.Thereisn't_____intoday'snewspaper.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.anythingimportantD.nothingimportant3.-Whosewatchisthis,Mary?Isityoursister's?-No,Mum.It'snot______.It's______.A.hers,myB.her,myC.Mine,hersD.hers,mine4..TheChangjiangRiveristhethird__riverintheworld.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest5.Anelephantis_____thanahorse.A.morestrongB.muchstrongerC.themoststrongD.muchmorestrong6.Whichdoyoulike_____,tea,orangeorwater?A.goodB.WellC.BetterD.Best一、介词1．与形容词搭配的词组有：beafraidof（怕）beangrywith（生某人的气）\nbeawayfrom（不在某地）bedifferentfrom（与…不同）begoodat（善于）begood/badfor(对…有益/有害)beinterestedin（对…感兴趣）belatefor（迟到）be/getreadyfor（为作好准备）besureof(对…有把握)beworriedabout（为…感到担忧）2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1)Youmusttakegoodcareofher.2)Thankyouforteachingussowell.3．几组易混淆的介词A．“在...之后”in+一段时间（用于一般将来时）after+一段时间（用于一般过去时）after+一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：Thebabystoppedcryingafterhalfanhour.Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.TheywillvisittheirteacherafterFriday.B．for+一段时间since+过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。C．bemadeof"用……制成"bemadein“由某地制造”bemadebysomebody“由某人制成”D．in,on,at表时间in“在某月(季节、年)等”eg:in1996,inJanuary,insummer固定词组：inthemorning,inaweek,inaminute,intime,intheendon"用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"eg:onChristmasDay,onthenightofFebruary16at“用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”\n固定词组：atseven,atthemoment,atnight,atlast,atfirst,atnoon,attimes,atonce,atthistimeoftheyear,atthebeginningof,attheendofthismonth,atthesametime注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next,last,this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,one,every,all以及thedaybeforeyesterday和thedayaftertomorrow前不用介词。如:不能说intomorrow,只能说tomorrow在明天E.except+宾格/doingsomething"除…之外”（不包括本身）EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao.(同义句转换)=OnlyLinTaoisn'tatschooltoday.F．“用”通过交通工具byplane用语言inEnglish通过媒介on/overthetelephone,on/overtheradio,onTV用工具手段withapen,withone'shandsG．between“在~和~（两者）之间”between...and...,betweenthetwo...among在...之间(三者或三者以上)eg.Suespentovertwohours___herhomeworkyesterdayevening.A.onB.withC.atD.over一、连词1．并列连词both…and既~又~谓语用复数动词neither…nor既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either…or…“或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”and“和”连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。but“但是”表转折，不能与though同时出现在句中。or“或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and。Eg:Ihavebrothersand\nsisters.(否)Idon'thavebrothersorsisters.=Ihavenobrothersandnosisters.2．引导宾语从句的连词陈述句：that可省略一般疑问句：if/whether“是否”特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3．引导原因状从的有：because(不能与so同时出现在句中)4．引导时间状语从句的连词：A.when（当…时候），assoonas…（一…就），not…until（直到…才），after（在…之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。Eg:Iwon'tleaveuntilhecomesback.B.since（自从…以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Eg：Wehaven'tmeteachothersincesheleftherelastyear.C.while（当…时候，一边…一边…）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。Eg:MyfathercameinwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.5．引导条件状语从句的连词：if“如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定eg:1)Idon'tknowifit＿＿＿＿(rain)tomorrow.2)Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,I_____________(notclimb)thehills.3)JoanandMaryhaven'tseeneachother_____theyleftschoolfiveyearsago.A.asB.beforeC.afterD.since一、构词法构词有法记无定法\n一、利用构词法记忆：1．合成法：note＋book→notebook，school＋yard→schoolyard，book＋mark→bookmark2．派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）：en－（使……有）＋courage→encourage；inter－（onewithanother；facetoface）＋view→interview；foreign＋er（人）→foreigner，play＋er（执行动作的人）→player，sharpen＋er（执行动作的物）→sharpener；library＋（y→i）an（人）→librarian；miss（v．）＋ing→missing（adj．），probable（adj．）＋（l）y→probably（adv．），sad（adj．）＋ly→sadly（adv．）；compose（v．）＋（e→i）tion→composition（n．），inform（v．）＋（a）tion→information（n．）3．转化法：know（v．）→knowledge（n．）二、意义关联帮你记忆：dictionary—words，umbrella—rain，library—book—shelf，kitchen—cook三、英英解释，温故知新：abroad—inortoanothercountry，overseas；interview—meetingwithsb．说说记忆单词的方法词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如\nlearn－－study，between－－among；反义词归成一类，如left－－right，high－－low，strong－－weak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，…学科类：maths，science，art，geography，…频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，…等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）＋ever（在任何时候）＝whenever（无论什么时候）等等。四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir－t－y（在非重读音节中发［i］）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：con－tri－bu－tion，这样就能较快地记住单词。以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，就一定能记住英语单词。合成形容词\n英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词，仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下：1．数词＋单数名词。如：20－minute20分钟的It＇s20－minutewalk．步行20分钟的路程。second－class二等的That＇sthesecond－classroom．那是个二等房间。500－word五百字的Thisisa500－wordcomposition．这是一篇五百字的文章。2．数词＋单数名词＋形容词。如：8－year－old八岁的MrGreenhasan8－year－oldchild．格林先生有个八岁的孩子。3．数词＋名词的ed形式。如：three－legged三条腿的Tomboughtathree－leggedtableyesterday．昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。4．形容词＋名词。如：round－trip来回的；往返的Doyouneedaround－tripticket﹖你想要一张往返的车票吗？part－time非全部工作时间的；兼职的Hefoundapart－timejob．他找到了一份额外的工作。5．形容词＋名词的ed形式。如：kind－hearted好心的FatherChristmasisverykind－hearted．圣诞老人的心肠非常好。6．名词＋过去分词。如：man－made人造的Chinahassentupmanyman－madesatellites．中国已发射了许多人造卫星。7．名词＋名词的ed形式。如：glass－topped带有玻璃罩的\nIwanttoownaglass－toppedtable．我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。8．副词＋过去分词。如：so－called所谓的Idon＇tlikethoseso－calledsingers．我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。9．副词＋副词。如：so－so马马虎虎；不好不坏的MyEnglishisjustso－so．我的英语很一般。．Eg:ToanAmerican,aChineseisa______.(foreign)前缀例词派生词un-“不”happyunhappylikeunlikeusualunusualfriendlyunfriendlyim-“不”possibleimpossible后缀例词派生词-er“人”teach/play/cleanteacher/player/cleanerdrivedriver（以e结尾，-r）runrunner（重读闭音节，双写-er)winwinnertraveltraveller-or“人”inventinventorvisitvisitor-ly（副词后缀）badbadlyquickquicklycarefulcarefullyhappyhappilydeepdeeplyluckyluckilyusualusuallynoisynoisilyslowslowlyangryangrilystrongstronglyquietquietly特例：true-trulyterrible-terriblypossible-possibly-ful（形容词后缀）carecarefulhelphelpfuluseusefulforgetforgetful-y（形容词后缀）rainrainyluckluckycloudcloudynoisenoisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）snowsnowysunsunny（双写，加-y）windwindy-ion（名词后缀）inventinventionoperateoperation\n-ness（名词后缀）busybusinessgoodgoodness一些特例：动词形容词动词现在分词转化为名词sleepasleepboatboatingdiedeadbuildbuildingenjoyenjoyablebeginbeginningcrosscrossing名词形容词meetmeetingfriendfriendlyturnturningsouthsouthernshopshoppingwoolwoolendangerdangerous动词过去分词转为形容词differencedifferentfryfriedworryworried动词名词breakbrokenknowknowledgeloselostflyflightpleasepleasedpleasepleasurecolourcoloured名词名词动词现在分词、过去分词转为形容词farmfarmer农夫followfollowinginterestinterested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于beinterestedindevelopinteresting“有趣的”可作表语和定语developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”练习题1、Lucycanwritealetter___Japanesethoughshehaslearneditonlyafewmonths.A.fromB.toC.inD.with2、TheywillhaveanEnglishtest___twodays.A.forB.atC.inD.after3、WuDongwasborn___theeveningofApril2,1975.A.atB.inC.onD.to4、Ihaven'theard_______her_____shelefthome.\nA.from,sinceB.from,afterC.of,whenD.of,as5、Tomdidn'tknow___JackwouldleaveforBeijingtomorrow.A.howB.weatherC.whetherD.what6、Hisparentswere_________(happy)becausehehadfailedtheexamagain.7、Mrs.Greenlikedtostay_____(safe)atthesameplace.8、The_______(visit)fromFrancearegoingtovisitourschoolthisafternoon.思考题1、Thefarmerwas___tired___hecouldn'tfallasleep.A.very…toB.too…toC.so…thatD.neither…nor2、Workhard,___youwon'tcatchupwiththeothers.A.butB.andC.ifD.or3、Thegameisvery___andshe's___init.A.interesting,interestingB.interested,interestedC.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested重要的短语、句型和惯用法（一）1.geton/off(thebus)上/下车getup起床getreadyfor为...作准备getoneselfdressed自己穿衣服getwell(better)身体好getin进入，收集getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人买某物getonwellwithsb/sth.与某人相处很好，...进展顺利2.haveanaccident出事故haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得很高兴haveacoldwetday天气又冷又湿haveacough咳嗽haveadrink(of)...喝一杯...haveatalk听报告havelunch吃午饭have...forlunch午饭吃...\nhaveameeting开会havenoidea不知道havearest休息一下3.makeamistake犯错误mistakeAforB把A错认为Btakesth.bymistake错拿某物4.makefriendswith与...交朋友makefaces做鬼脸makeafire生火makeanexcuse找籍口makea...sound发...音maketea沏茶makeroomfor...为...找出空间makeit如期赴约makeateam组成一个队eg.Let'smakeithalfpastone.注意：时间前不用介词at5.turnsth.on/off打开/关掉...turnsth.up/down把...音量开大/小注意：当sth是代词时，常放中间6.trysth.on试穿（衣、鞋、帽）注意：当sth为it或them,常放中间tryout试验、尝试tryone'sbesttodosth.尽力干某事=doone'sbesttodosth.7.sendsb.away开除、解雇某人sendforsb.派人去请某人sendup发射8.hearfromsb收到...的来信hearof听说9.hurryoff匆匆离去，赶快去hurryup赶快10.getto+名词get+副词(不用to)reach+名词/副词arrivein/at+大/小地点（后接副词，不用at/in）eg.gettoShanghai、reachShanghai、arriveinShanghai到达上海eg.reachhome、gethome、arrivehome到家\n11.teachsb.English教某人英语teachoneself=learnsth.byoneself自学12.到...末为止bytheendof+过去时间（用于过去完成时）bytheendof+将来时间（用于一般将来时）attheendof+地点在...尽头intheend=atlast最后，终于13.hundredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上万的millionsof成百万的14.bepleasedtodosth很高兴地干某事bepleasedwithsth.为某事而高兴15.beusedfor被用来beusedas被当作beusedby被...所使用16.sofar到目前为止，用于现在完成时17.onaTuesdaymorning一个星期二的早上onthemorningofJune15th.1998在1998年6月15日早上18.keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直干某事keepdoingsth.继续做某事keepondoingsth.持续不断地做某事19.muchtoo+形容词／副词原级实在太...toomuch+不可数名词相当多的...eg.It's_______expensive.Ican'tbuyit.There's___________rainthisyear.20.thanksto...由于，多亏thankstoone'shelp=becauseofone'shelp由于某人的帮忙thanksforone'shelp谢谢某人的帮助21.befarawayfrom＋aplace/sb远离某地22.wearout穿坏、穿旧、用尽常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn\nsellout售完卖完23.two-monthholiday=twomonths'holiday二个月的假期24.fallasleep入睡（进入状态）gettosleep入睡（还没睡着）25.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人干某事eg.Shestoppedthechildfromlistening.stopdoingsth.停止干某事，不再干某事stoptodosth.停止下来干另一件事。26.hardlyany+n.几乎没有...27.quitea/an+形容词＋名词一个相当...eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.avery＋形容词+名词eg.Englishisaveryusefullanguage.28.beafraidof+名词害怕...beafraidto+动词担心、害怕...beafraidthat+从句恐怕...29.so+形容词sostrongsobeautifulsuch+形容词+名词(复数或不可数)suchbeautifulpicturessuchnicesmellsuch+a/an+形容词+名词（单数）suchaninterestingstory30.feellikedoing想干某事31.bemade/grown/produced三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”归类:机器一类→make(制造)盐.糖.丝绸→produce(经机器加工生产)农作物、水果→grow(人工种出来的)32.finishdoingsth.做完某事bebusydoingsth.忙于干某事goondoingsth.继续干某事bealwaysdoing老是干某事33.hopetodosth.希望干某事...hopethat...希望某人干某事,不可用hopesb.todosth.\n34.insurprise惊奇地（作状语）besurprisedatsb.对某人的举动感到诧异besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶35.nospace(room)tostandin没有站的地方、空间36.beangrywithsb.生某人的气agreewithsb.同意某人的观点withone'shelp在某人的帮助下选择题：1.Theyarrived___London___acoldwinternight.A.at,inB.in,onC.at,onD.in,at2.It'srathercoldtoday.You'dbetter___moreclothesbeforeyougoout.A.putonB.wearC.toputonD.towear3.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot___arest?A.stoptakingB.stoptotakeC.tostoptakingD.tostoptotake4.___,I'vecaughtupwithmyclassmatesinmyEnglishstudies.A.UnderhishelpB.WithhishelpC.UnderthehelpofhimD.Withthehelpofhim5.Mothertoldme____inthesun.A.notreadB.don'treadC.readnotD.nottoread6.WatchingTV___isbadforyoureyes.A.muchtooB.manytooC.toomuchD.toomany7.Thoseforeignvisitors___ourcitythedaybeforeyesterday.A.arrivedB.reachedC.reachedtoD.gotin8.Sheaskedmetohelpher___herChinese.A.atB.withC.forD.on9.Look___thewordsinthedictionarywhenyoudon'tknow___theymean.\nA.up,whatB.up,thatC.for,thatD.for,what10.Oneafteranother,threeofthem___.A.fellasleepB.gottoasleepC.wenttoasleepD.weresleeping完成句子：1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？Doyou____________drinkingaglassoforange?2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。Wehavenever____________XiaoYangsincehe_______schoolforthelasttime.3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。PeoplestartedtobuildtheGreatGreenWall______itcouldstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？WeiHua________you______hisbrother,didn'tshe?思考题：1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目Man-madesatellitescanbe___for___TVandradioprogrammestoforeigncountries.2.多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。____totheGreatGreenWall,theycangrowalot___cottonthanbefore.3.学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。Thestudentsmakefriends___oneanotherandusually______well.4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。\nTheshopkeepersaidthewoolensweaters___yoursizewere____.重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）1.Therebe结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。c.Thereisarivernearourschool.否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.问：Istherearivernearourschool.回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?⑵What'snearourschool?d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobee.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.play②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.A.beB.haveC.beonD.on2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,\neither.c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.3.It's+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。⑴It'stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and(那么)...eg.Gostraightonandyou'llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you'llseeaschool.5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.=Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheother6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou'llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?B:I'vejustreturnedittothelibrary.9.Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？Idon'tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？eg.⑴What'stheweatherlike?天气如何？⑵What'syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwanta\nsciencelab?12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.13.findit+形容词+todoeg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)14.Idon'tthink+肯定句我想...不eg.Idon'tthinkI'lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You'dbettercatchatrain.You'dbetternottalkinclass.You'dbetternotbelatefortheclass.17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱,\npay的过去式为paid而不是payed.eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。⑵so...that如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan'taffordit.22.What'sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？不说Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口数量的大用largeeg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA23.I'vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What24.not...until(连词)方才，才eg.Hesaysthathewon'tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。肯定句＋until到eg.You'dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)25.neither...nor...既不...也不...either...or...或者...或者...eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)both...and...两者都...eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)\n练习题：1.-WhereisMary?-Oh,she_____thelibrory.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneto2.Heknewlittleaboutthefilm____hesawityesterdayevening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because3.I____changehismind.Don'tworry,He'llsurelycometogetit.A.thinkhewon'tB.thinkhewillC.don'tthinkhewon'tD.don'tthinkhewill4.-_____doyou_____theTVplay?-Notbad,Ithink.A.How;thinkofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5.I_____haveagoodtime_____theparty.A.hopeyouwill;atB.likeyou;onC.hopeyouto;inD.wantyouthat;from完成句子：1.中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。_____thepopulationofChina?It'sabout___________oftheworld'spopulation.2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。Thedoorbell___________untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and____________I.4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。\n______morethantenyears____MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有.Thebuswas_____crowdedthattherewashardly______standingroominit.思考题：1、做饭花了她半个小时。It_______halfanhour______somecooking.=I______halfanhour_______somecooking.2、你真好，经常在数学上帮助我。It’sreallynice_____youto____me_____my______.3、Lily跑得不快，赢不了比赛。Lily______runquickly________________therace.=Lily__________________therace.4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样？______________aTeachers’Daycard____theartlesson?5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。Footballis____________________gamesinourschool.Have的两种特殊句型have是英语中最活跃的动词之一，它与不同的词搭配表示不同的意思。如：haveameeting（开会），havearest（休息），haveaclass（上课）等。你可知道have构成的两种特殊句型吗？不看不知道，一看就明了。1．have＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”去做某事。此时的宾语与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Iwouldhaveyoubuyanewbike．\n我想让你买辆新自行车。Wecan＇thavethecarstop．我们无法让汽车停下来。2．have＋宾语＋过去分词该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”被……。此时的宾语与过去分词（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：I＇llhavemyhaircuttomorrow．我明天要理发。Theyhavejusthadtheircarrepaired．他们刚找人把车修理了一下。注意：大多数情况下，这两种句型之间可以互换。如：1）Hehadmewashthetablecloth．→Hehadthetableclothwashed．2)Themanhadthebikemended．→Themanhadsomeonemendthebike．练习：根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。1．你应该找人建一座房子。Youshouldhavesomeone＿＿＿＿＿ahouse．Youshouldhaveahouse＿＿＿＿＿．2．现在我们请下一位演讲者到前面来。Nowwe＇llhavethenextspeaker＿＿＿＿＿tothefront．3．你必须让人把这些书送到教室去。Youmusthavethesebooks＿＿＿＿＿totheclassroom情景交际英语（一）1.问候：⑴A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.Howdoyoudo?Nicetomeetyou.B:回答相同⑵A:Howareyou?B:Fine,thankyou.Andyou?Verywell,thankyou.2.介绍：⑴ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss...⑵I'dlikeyoutomeetmyparents.⑶Mynameis....I'ma\nstudent.3.告别A:Goodbye.Seeyoulater/tomorrow.Goodnight.B:回答相同4.感谢和应答表示感谢通常回答Thankyouverymuch.Notatall.Thanksalot.That'sOK.Manythanks.That'sallright.Thanksforhelpingme.You'rewelcome.5.祝愿、祝贺和应答⑴A:Goodluck!Bestwishestoyou.Haveanice/goodtime/journey.Congratulations!B:Thankyou.⑵A:HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!B:Thesametoyou.⑶A:Happybirthdaytoyou.B:Thankyou.6.道歉和应答A:I'msorry.I'msorrytotroubleyou.B:Itdoesn'tmatter.It'snotimportant.That'snothing.7.遗憾和同情Whatapity!I'msorrytohearthat.8.邀请和应答A:Wouldyouliketo…?B:Yes,I'dloveto.9.提供帮助和应答A:CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?Here,takethis/mybike.Letmedoitforyou.B:Thanksforyourhelp.Yes,please.No,thanks.That'sverykindofyou.10.请求允许⑴A:MayI...?CanI/CouldI...?B:Yes/Certainly/Ofcourse.Yes,doplease.OK/Allright.⑵A:DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?B:No,notatall.或Nevermind.\n11.表示同意和不同意(1):Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Yes,please.Yes,Ithinkso.Allright/OK.That'sagoodidea.Iagreewithyou.(2):No,Idon'tthinkso.I'mafraidnot.Ireallycan'tagreewithyou.12.表示肯定和不肯定1:I'msure.I'msurethat...2:I'mnotsure.I'mnotsurewhether/if...Maybe.13.喜欢和厌恶1:Ilike/love...(verymuch)Ilike/loveto...2:Idon'tliketo...Ihateto...14.问时间、日期的应答A:Whatdayisit?B:It'sMonday.A:What'sthedate?B:It'sJan.10th.A:What'sthetime,please?B:It'sfiveo'clock/halfpastfive...It'stimeto...15.请求(1):Can/couldyou...forme?Will/wouldyoupleasedosth.?MayIhave...?(2):Pleasegive/passme...Pleasewait(here/amoment).Pleasewaitforyourturn.Pleasestandinline.(3):Nosmoking,please.Nonoise,please.16.劝告和建议1:You'dbetter...Youshould...Youneedto...2:Shallwedosth.?Let'sdosth..What/Howaboutdoingsth.?回答:OK.Goodidea.17.禁止和警告1:Youmustn'tplayontheroad.Ifyou...you'll...2:Takecare.=Becareful.18.表示感情A:喜悦Great!That'snice.\nI'mglad/pleased/happyto...B:焦虑What'swrong?What'sthematterwithyou?I'm/He's/She'sworried.Oh,whatshallIdo?C:惊奇Really?Oh,dear!Isthatso?19.约会A:Areyoufreethisafternoon?What/Howabouttomorrowmorning?Shallwemeetat4:30attheschoolgate?B:Yes,that'sallright.Yes,I'llbefreethen.Allright.Seeyouthen.20.语言困难Pardon?Pleasesaythatmoreslowlyagain.Whatdoyoumeanby...?I'msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.21.表示称赞：A:Oh,hownice!Yourdressisbeautiful.B:It'sniceofyoutosayso.或Thankyou.22.常见的标志和说明BUSINESSHOURSNOPHOTOSOFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUPOPENCLOSEDPULLPUSHEXITENTRANCE营业时间禁止拍照办公时间这边向上开关1.-Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithus?____.A.Yes,please.B.That'strue.C.Yes,I'dloveto.D.Quitewell.2.-I'vedonequitewellintheexamthisterm.-_____.A.Idon'tknow.B.Congratulations.C.SodoI.D.Goon,please.3.Ifyourfriendtellsyouthatheisill,youmaysay"___"A.Excuseme.B.I'msorrytohearthat.C.Itdoesn'tmatter.D.Idon'tthinkso.4.-Haveagoodjourney,Alice.A.AllrightB.Thanksalot.C.VerygoodD.Muchbetter\n5.Thesign"THISSIDEUP"isoftenseen____.A.onaboxB.inthestreetC.inacinemaD.inapark思考题：1.-Thankyouforyourhelp.-_____A.Allright.B.That'sallright.C.That'sright.D.It'sverykindofyou.2.-DoyoumindifIclosethewindow?-______A.No,Imind.B.Yes,Idon'tmind.C.No,notatall.D.Yes,I'mafraidnot.3.-Helpyourselftosomeapples.-__A.Idon'tlikeit.B.Sorry,Ican'thelpit.C.Nevermind.D.Thankyouverymuch.4.-Tomwilltakecareofourcatwhilewe'reaway.-____A．Fine,thankyou.B.I'lldoitmyself.C.That'sverykindofhim.D.Itdoesn'tmatter.5.-YouspeakEnglishquitewell.-____A.Idon'tthinkso.B.Youdon'tsayso.C.No,Idon'tspeakwell.D.Thankyou.动词的时态与语态的综合运用确定正确的时态1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.a.I________(write)now.b.I______(lose)mypenyesterday.c.We___________(study)Englishfortwoyears.2.根据上下文来确定时态\n有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态.A.Wherearethetwins?B.They______(go)tovisitUncleWang.3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态.4.根据语言习惯来确定时态*1.come,go,leave等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作.*2.永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时.*3.祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形Don't_____(read)inthesun,willyou?You'dbetter_____(stay)athomesinceit'srainingoutside.注意所填动词的语态Todaybothbasketballandvolleyball_________(play)inmanycountries.确定动词的形式1.bebusy,whatabout等后用动词的-ing形式.2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing形式.3.在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后采用动词的--ing形式.4.在动词decide,hope,wish,hate等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask,tell,want,teach之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即“asksb.todosth.”的形式5.在see,hear,watch,make,let等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“to”,但在被动句中,应添上"to".6.在It‘stime(forsb.)todosth.It'skind/nice/goodofsb.todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.的句型中,动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语.7.疑问代词/副词(why除外)+todosth.结构,可在句中作主语,表语和宾语.\n练习题：1.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom________(blow)theearthaway.2.MrSmithkepton_____(ask)theplayerstoremember-----TEAMWORK3.Alicedidn'thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn'tknowhow____(do)theproblem.4.Thepolicemanaskedtheoldgrannytoputdownherheavyboxandlethim______(carry)itforher.5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:(1).WangHaiisagoodcomrade.Healwaysdoeshisbest________others.(2).Digtheholebigenough,orthetreescan’t___________well.(3).It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop_______totheteacher.(4).Herfaceturnedredwhenshe_______tosingasongforallofus.(5).SheisolderthanMarybut________muchyounger.(6).--Ican'tfindmykeys.--Maybeyou___________themathome.(7).Wewaitedinthenextroomwhilethey____________ameeting.(8).Hurryup.You__________thetrainifyoudon't.思考题：用send,show,turn,cost,write,fly,get,stop,see,do,hear,go的适当形式填空1.____you___eachothersinceyouleftschooltenyearsago?2.What___they___at8:00yesterdayevening.3.TheSmithsaregettingready___toAustraliafortheirholdiay.\n4.Thebeautifuljacket___toomuch,doesn'tit?5.LucyandLilywereplayingcardswhenthey___aloudknockatthedoor.6.Theradiosaystherain___lateron.7.Theboy___tohospitalassoonasthetrafficaccidenthappened.8.Todayfilms___inEnglisheverywhereintheworld.9.It'ssummernow.Thedays___longerandthenightsshorter.10.Mother___toShanghaiandshe'llbebackinaweekorso.动词的时态（上）A:一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我是am你是are，is跟着他她它,复数都用are肯定式:主语+am/is/are+其他否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他疑问式:Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+am/is/are(否)No,主语+am/is/arenot缩写形式:I'm==IamThat's==ThatisWe're==WeareWhat's==WhatisYou're==YouareWho's==WhoisThey're==TheyareWhere's==WhereisHe's==Heisisn't==isnotShe's==Sheisaren't==arenotIt's==Itis2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数，否定式:主语+助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他\n简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/doesnot缩写形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意：have的第三人称单数为has用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.eg.I'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.B:一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。结构：1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种,规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。肯定式:主语+动词的过去式+其他eg.Igotupatsixthismorning.否定式:主语+didnot+动词原形+其他eg.Johndidn'tliveherelastyear.疑问式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他eg.Didyouseehimamomentago?简略回答.(肯)Yes,主语+did(否)No,主语+didn't.用法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.eg.Myfatherwasatworkyesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用.eg.Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.eg.Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语,如…ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfive\nyearsold,in1995等连用.eg.Theybegantheworktwomonthsago.Wereyoubornin1981?Yes,Iwas.C:一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词shall/will+动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will.(否)No,主语+shall/will+not…缩写形式:'ll==shall/willshan't==shallnotwon't==willnot用法:1.表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有:later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等.eg.Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.MaybeChina'spopulation_______(pass)1,300,000,000bytheyear2005.2.表示某种必然的趋势eg.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.解析：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用shall表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will表示请求.eg.Whereshallwehavethemeeting?Willyoupleaselendmeyourpen?2.当主语是第一人称时,用will表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.eg.IwillgiveyouanEnglish--Chinesedictionaryforyourbirthday.3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.eg.Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.4.begoingto+动词原形也可表示将来时.\n(1).表示主观意愿.打算等.eg.He'sgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况eg.Lookattheblackclouds!----Itisgoingtorain.D:现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。结构：am/is/are+动词的-ing形式用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,atthemoment等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与look,listen连用.eg.Areyouwritingalettertoyourfatheratthemoment?Listen!Sheissinginginthenextroom.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.eg.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.eg.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowafternoon.注意:某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用现在进行时.eg.Lucyprefersarttoscience.练习题：1.MaryandJoegototheShoppingCenter___.a.onceaweekb.inaweekc.nextweekd.foraweek2.Bequiet!Thebaby________(sleep)inthenextroom.3.Dickwillpassthemessageontoyoursisterassoonashe______(meet)herinherofficetomorrow.4.Thebellfortheclassrangwhilethey___________(play)ontheplayground.5.Lucysaidit___________(rain)lateron.思考题:\n1.TheChinesepeople____(work)hardtomaketheircountrystrongerandmorebeautiful.2.He'llwritetoyouassoonashe_____(arrive)inHainan.3.ThestudentsofClassOne___(have)ameetingfromthreetofiveyesterdayafternnon.4.Theskyisblack.It____(rain),I'mafraid.5.Ifit___(notsnow)tomorrow,we'llgoskating6.MrandMrsGreen____(travel)tothesouthofChinanextweek,aren'tthey?7.I___(notsee)thefilmwithyoubecauseI'veseenitalready.8.Hetoldusthathe_____(stay)heretillthenextweek.9.I_____(lose)mypenthismorning.Ihaven'tfoundityet.动词的时态（下）G:现在完成时棗表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等连用.eg.Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.(信已经不在我这儿了)2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,inthelasttenyears等,谓语只可用延续性动词.解析：1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句中.\neg.I'veleftShanghaiforthreedays.(×)I'vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.(√).IleftShanghaithreedaysago.(√)Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai.(√)2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在howlong句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------bein/atopen-----beopendie------bedeadclose----beclosedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/start-----beonputon----wearleave-----beaway(from)buy-----havefallasleep----beasleepend/finish-----beovercatchacold-----haveacoldjointhearmy----beinthearmybeasoldierjointheParty----beinthePartybeaPartymember→Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.→Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.3.现在完成时中beento,goneto和beenin/atbeento去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示目前人在这里)goneto去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,\neg.ShehasgonetoShanghai。(表示现在她人不在这里)beenin/at逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等连用.eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等连用一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.5.现在完成时中的for与sincefor+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since+时间点/从句Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.6.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.eg.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.注意:1.since引导的从句中动词用过去时2.when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.3.havegot,hasgot虽然是现在完成时,但havegot=havehasgot==has练习题:1.It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn'tit?2.--Iknowyou_______(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople_______(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.MrandMrsGreenhave_____inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reached\n6.--Where'sMary?--Oh,she_____thelibrary.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgonetoH:过去完成时棗表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作结构：助动词had+动词的过去分词用法：1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,动作发生的时间为“过去的过去“.表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用when,before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示.eg.Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedathousandEnglishwords.Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehisfathercamebacklastnight.2.表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态,一直延续到这一过去时刻,或还将继续下去.eg.WhenIgottoknowhim,hehadworkedtherefortwentyyears.(注意)否定式hadnot==hadn't时态的呼应1.主句中谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态,hewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.Hesaidthathewon'tbefreetomorrow.hecamelastnight.2.主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态,从句中的谓语动词一般情况下要用过去时态的某种形式.HesaidthathewasworkinghardonhisChinese.hehadaverygoodjourneyhome.hehadn'tboughtthepresentyet.hewouldstopinMoscowontheway.3.如果从句所述内容是客观真理,则谓语动词总是用一般现在时,而不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响.eg.MissGaotoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.\n4.时间或条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时或祈使句,从句要用一般现在时代替将来时.eg.Stoptalkingwhentheheadteacher______(walk)intotheclassroom.Jimwon'twatchTVuntilhe___(finish)hishomeworkeverytime.练习题：1.Theyweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyalmost____(forget)everythingelsearound.2.Thegirlputonherdressandthen_______(go)tothemirrortolookatherself.思考题：1.I____(leave)myrulerathome.CanIuseyours?2.Who'sJackLondon?I___never____(hear)ofthatmanbefore.3.I'mafraidI___(keep)youwaitingforsuchalongtime.4.--Where___you___(be)?--I'mlookingforyouallthetime.5.____they____(know)eachotherwhentheywereyoung?6.Thebabywillcryifshe___(notsee)hermother动词的语态动词的语态---表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者一、被动语态结构:1.行为动词的被动语态:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词.be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.一般现在时am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+及物动词的过去分词\n一般将来时will+be+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词2.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词否定式:是在助动词be或情态动词后加not构成疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成.用法:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.eg.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.IsEnglishtaughtinyourschool?2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by+动作执行者(宾格)来表示.eg.Thereddresswasmadebyhermother.Thelettermustbewrittenbyme.注意点：1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态,不及物动词不能构成被动语态.2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有lookafter,takecareof,cutdown,laughat,talkabout,turnon等eg.Catherinealwaystakescareofthelittlegirl.→ThelittlegirlisalwaystakencareofbyCarherine.3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不要再加by短语,常用的有becoveredwithbesurprisedatbeinterestedinbeworriedaboutbemadeof/frombeknownto4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思.eg.Thisdictionarysellswell.Thiskindofcardrivesfast.Thewoolensweatercosts$88.5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系主动句:主语+谓语+宾语(动作执行者)(动作承受者)\n被动句:主语+谓语动词的被动形式+by+动作执行者(动作承受者)1）主动句如何变为被动句a.找到动作的承受者(常为主动句的宾语)作被动句的主语.b.找到谓语变为be+过去分词的结构.c.找到动作的执行者(常为主动句的主语)作by的宾语.若不必指出动作的执行者,可省去by短语.d.确定be动词的时态.数.例如:Shemakesthebeautifulkites.Thebeautifulkitesaremadebyher.(被动句)2）被动句如何变为主动句.a.找到动作的执行者(常为被动句的宾语)作主动句的主语.b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形.c.找到动作的承受者(常为被动句的主语)作主动句的宾语.d.确定及物动词的时态.数(注意)在以上转换中,代词作主语用主格,代词作宾语用宾格.6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上toHemadetheboyworkforhim.→Theboywasmadetoworkforhim.7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语.Hisunclegavehimadictionaryyesterday.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisuncleyesterday.练习题:把下列句子变为被动句:1.Theyaskedmetocomealittlelater.→I________tocomealittlelater.2.Womenoftentalkaboutfoodandclothes.→Foodandclothes____often_____aboutbywomen.\n3.DotheymakethiskindoftruckinNanjing?→___thiskindoftruck_____inNanjing?4.Wemustcleanourteethtwiceaday.→Ourteethmust_______twiceaday.5.CanIanswerthisquestioninsimpleEnglish?→_____thisquestion________insimpleEnglish?6.Youmaycleantheroomafterwork.→Theroommay____________afterwork.思考题:1.Weusebroomsforsweepingthefloor.→Brooms______forsweepingthefloor.2.Theybuiltquiteafewtallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.→Quiteafewtallbuildings________intheirhometownlastyear.3.Youmustnotputthebikethere.→Thebike____________there.4.Canyouseethestarsinthedaytime?→Canthestars_______inthedaytime?句子（三）四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。Openthedoor,please.2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。Don'tbelateforclass.3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。Letme/usLethim/her/themeg.Let'sgotoschool.注意：1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句是常用句型祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果…，就…”祈使句+or+简单句表示“…否则…”eg.1.Godownthestreet,andyou'llseeahospital.2.Bequick,orwe'llbelate.\n2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。eg.①Tellmeaboutit,willyou/won'tyou?②Don'ttellanyone,willyou?③Let'sgotoschool,shallwe?④Letusgoouttoplayforawhile,willyou?练习题1)_____onthethinice.It'sdangerous.A.Don'tskateB.Don'tskatingC.SkateD.Notskate2)Let'sflythekiteontheplayground,___________?（附加问句）3)Pleaseturndowntheradioabit,_________?（附加问句）句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。eg.Wecleanedthewindowsandtidiedtheroom.二、并列句：由并列连词and,but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。eg.1)IcomefromChinaandhecomesfromJapan.2)Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3)Helookedforiteverywhere,buthecouldn'tfindit.4)Shedidn'tknowtheanswertothequestion,sosheaskedtheteacher.5)He'sinterestedinmusicwhileJohnisinterestedinsports.三、复合句A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that,if/whether,what,who,whose,which,why,when,where,how等。1、连接词1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。eg.Hesaidthathewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.\n2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.①介词后的宾语从句：I'mthinkingofwhetherhe'llcome.②与ornot连用：Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldgoornot.3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。eg.Doyouknowwho/whomsheiswaitingfor?2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构(1).Billwantedtoknowwhodidthis.(2).Idon'tknowwhat'sthematterwithBob?(3).Idon'tknowwhat'swrongwiththem?3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。eg.①Lilywantedtoknowwhetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.②Iaskedtheteacherwherewewouldhavethemeeting.③CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。eg.Idon’tthinkthatEnglishiseasy.IthinkthatEnglishisnoteasy.(误)练习题：（一）①Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellmehow_________onwithhisnewclassmates?\n②Whatishedoingthere?Motherdidn'tknow.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Motherdidn'tknowwhat___________doingthere.③Couldyoutellme________theyaretalkingabout?A.whereB.whenC.whyD.what④You'dbetteraskyourmotherwhetherisitcheapenoughbeforeyoutryiton.⑤Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewhere___________?A.isthetoiletB.thetoiletisC.wasthetoiletD.thetoiletwas句子（四）四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。Openthedoor,please.2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。Don'tbelateforclass.3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。Letme/usLethim/her/themeg.Let'sgotoschool.注意：1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句是常用句型祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果…，就…”祈使句+or+简单句表示“…否则…”eg.1.Godownthestreet,andyou'llseeahospital.2.Bequick,orwe'llbelate.2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。eg.①Tellmeaboutit,willyou/won'tyou?②Don'ttellanyone,willyou?③Let'sgotoschool,shallwe?④Letusgoouttoplayforawhile,willyou?练习题1)_____onthethinice.It'sdangerous.A.Don'tskateB.Don'tskatingC.SkateD.Notskate\n2)Let'sflythekiteontheplayground,___________?（附加问句）3)Pleaseturndowntheradioabit,_________?（附加问句）句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。eg.Wecleanedthewindowsandtidiedtheroom.二、并列句：由并列连词and,but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。eg.1)IcomefromChinaandhecomesfromJapan.2)Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3)Helookedforiteverywhere,buthecouldn'tfindit.4)Shedidn'tknowtheanswertothequestion,sosheaskedtheteacher.5)He'sinterestedinmusicwhileJohnisinterestedinsports.三、复合句A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that,if/whether,what,who,whose,which,why,when,where,how等。1、连接词1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。eg.Hesaidthathewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.①介词后的宾语从句：I'mthinkingofwhetherhe'llcome.②与ornot连用：Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldgoornot.3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。eg.Doyouknowwho/whomsheiswaitingfor?\n2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构(1).Billwantedtoknowwhodidthis.(2).Idon'tknowwhat'sthematterwithBob?(3).Idon'tknowwhat'swrongwiththem?3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。eg.①Lilywantedtoknowwhetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.②Iaskedtheteacherwherewewouldhavethemeeting.③CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。eg.Idon’tthinkthatEnglishiseasy.IthinkthatEnglishisnoteasy.(误)句子（五）1、同义词组的转换：指不同的词组表达同一个意思，用另一个意义相同的词组替换原句中的词组。1)DidyourparentshaveagoodtimeinHangzhou?Didyourparents____________________inHangzhou?2)JaneprefersEnglishtomaths.Jane_____English______thanmaths.3)ThesmithsflewtoLondonfortheirholidayyesterdayafternoon.Thesmiths______toLondonfortheirholiday_______yesterdayafternoon.\n4)YesterdayTomheardfromhissister.YesterdayTom__________________________hissister.5)Thewomanspent￥200onherhandbag.Thewoman___￥200__herhandbag.Herhandbag____thewoman￥200.6)LilytaughtherselfJapanese.Lily___________Japanese____________.7)LinFengisweakinEnglish.LinFeng_____________English.2、反义词或词组的转换，相对于主语来说，动作发出的对象改变1)Theyhaven'twrittentotheirdaughterforalongtime.Thedaughter_____________fromherparentsforalongtime.2)Thefarmerborrowedapanfromthewomanlastweek.Thewoman____apan___thefarmerlastweek.3)Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom._______________toturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.4)LinFengisweakinEnglish.LinFeng__________________English.LinFeng______________English.3、比较等级的转换：形容词/副词的原级、比较级、最高级间的转换，通常用morethan,lessthan,as…as,notso…as连接。1)JapaneseisnotsopopularasEnglish.Japaneseis______popular_______English.2)Jimrunsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Jimruns_____________allthestudentsinhisclass.\n______runs________thanJiminhisclass._____runs____fast___Jiminhisclass.3)Hehasmorestory-booksthanI.Ihaven't________manystory-books_______he.4、用连接词把两句合并为一句的转换。1)Theoldwomanwasveryangry.Shecouldn'tsayaword.Theoldwomanwas______angry_____sayaword.2)Edisonwasveryclever.Hecouldinventalotofthings.Edisonwas_______________inventalotofthings.3)JaneprefersEnglishtomaths.SodoesAnn.________Jane________Ann________Englishtomaths.4)Youcandothisbeforeclass,andyoucanalsodoitafterclass.Youcandothis______beforeclass____afterclass.5)Thisshirtdoesn'tlooknice.Thatshirtdoesn'tlooknice,either._______thisshirt______thatshirt_______nice.5、不同句子结构的转换，主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换1)Wefoundhimagoodpupil.Wefound____________________agoodpupil.2)Theroomissosmallthatmyfamilycan'tliveinit.Theroomisn't__________________myfamily___livein.Theroomis______small________myfamily_______livein.3)Hisgrandfatherdiedtenyearsago.It____tenyears___hisgrandfather______.\n4)I'mnotsurewhatIshoulddonext.I'mnotsure____________next.5)Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.___you___hurryup,you'llmissthetrain.6、根据句意的转换1)YesterdayeveryoneofuswenttothefarmexceptLucy.________Lucy_______gotothefarmwithusyesterday.2)Samisfriendlytohisclassmatesandhisclassmatesarefriendlytohim.Sam_____________wellwithhisclassmates.3)LilywasborntenminutesearlierthanIwas.Iamtenminutes_______thanLily.4)Englishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.English_____thelargestnumberof________intheworld.5)It'syourturntodoit.It's_________youtodoit.6)Thechildrencan'twaittoopentheirpresents.Thechildrenwanttoseethepresents_________________.7)Theroomisbrightenough.There's_____________intheroom.8)Wecan'tfinishtheworkifyoudon'thelpus.Wecan'tfinishthework__________help.9)Itrainedheavilylastnight.There________________lastnight.10)Hehaslivedinthecitysincehewasborn.Hehaslivedinthecity________________.11)Thebuildingisbeautifulandtherearemanytalltreesaroundit.Thebuilding_____manytalltreesall_______isbeautiful.\n7、其它1)Ispenttwohoursreadingthebookyesterday.___________metwohours___________thebookyesterday.2)Heboughtthebooktwoweeksago.He__________thebook____twoweeks.3)You'reverykindtohelpmewithmymaths._____verykind___you___helpmewithmymaths.4)Ourteacherleftthelabafterhehadgoteverythingready.Ourteacher_____________thelab_____hehadgoteverythingready.5)JimsaidtoLinFeng,"Don'tfillthepantoofull."Jim___LinFeng____fillthepantoofull.思考题：1)Mygrandfatherdiedtenyearsago.Mygrandfather________________________tenyearsago.2)SpringgoesonfromMarchtoMay.Spring_______fromMarch________May.3)TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.Peopleallovertheworld_________________________.4)IthinkitisdifferentfromChinesenames.Idon'tthinkitis__________asChinesenames.5)Theyplantedmillionsoftreestosavethefarmland.Theyplantedmillionsoftrees__________thefarmland_________saved.6)ThemanthinksthesameasI.Theman____________me.\n怎样做好完形填空1.先通读一遍全文，对全文内容、作者观点、态度、文体等各方面有个宏观了解。虽然开始不可能完全了解短文内容，但起码要做到“八、九不离十”。弄清大意，抓住了主题，便为正确选词打下了可靠的基础。2.然后读一遍选项，知道均有哪些备选项。3.再读全文，并且可以边读边用铅笔试将所选的选项的内容填在空白处。这是一个关键性的分析判断阶段。同学们要瞻前顾后，字斟句酌。不能只看空格前后两个词，而是应该看完整的句子。这时，应调动你学过的全部语言知识，明确题目是要考查你哪方面知识的掌握。4.再串读，看铅笔填上后，文章意思是否通顺，语法语义是否准确，是否可恢复原貌。5.切不可不读全文，见一空填一词。6.同学们要学会利用上下文中的各种语言线索和已有的语言知识来选词。7.如果遇到一时难以确定的答案可先不填，先去做后面的，或有把握的，待填完其他空白后，再回过头来做前面，有时候，前后空白往往形成互相提示和补充。同时，同学们还可利用排除法，首先排除不合题意的选项，然后反复比较剩下的选项，这样就可以略为简单一些。8.最后还要利用自己各方面的知识和语言知识、历史知识、生活常识等，细微分析比较，理解中心，全面验证。完形填空：（一）Onedayapoorfarmerwastakingabagofwheattotown.Suddenlythebag_1_fromhishorseontotheroad.Hedidnotknow_2_todoaboutitbecauseitwas_3_heavyforhimtoliftbyhimself.Heonlyhopedthatsomeonewouldsoonpassbyand_4_himahand.Justatthismomentaman_5_ahorsecameuptohim.Butthefarmer'sheartsankwhenhesawwhohewas.Itwasthegreatmanliving_6_.Thefarmerhadhopedtoaskanotherfarmerorapoorman_7_himtocomealongandhelphim.Hecouldn'tasksuchagreatmantohelphim.Buttohis_8_,thegreatmangotoffhishorseassoonashecamenearer.Hesaidtothefarmer,"Iseeyou_9_help,friend.HowgooditisthatI'mherejustattherighttime."Thenhetookoneendof\nthebag,thefarmertheother,theytogetherraiseditandputitonthehorse."Sir,"askedthefarmer,"howcanIpayyou?""It'squiteeasy,"thegreatmanrepliedwith_10_.Whereveryouseeanyoneelseintrouble,dothesameforhim.1、A.fallB.fellC.fallingD.fallen2、A.whatB.howC.thatD.it3、A.veryB.soC.quiteD.too4、A.lendB.askC.borrowD.gave5、A.ridingB.rideC.rodeD.rides6、A.nearbyB.farawayC.nearlyD.near7、A.asB.likeC.toD.for8、A.surprisedB.surprisingC.surpriseD.surprises9、A.needsB.need　C.toneed　D.needed10、A.smilesB.smileC.asmileD.ansmile（二）MrBrownhadanumbrella(伞)shopinasmalltown.Peoplesometimes(1)himbrokenumbrellas,andthenhetookthemtoabigshopinLondon.Theywere(2)there.OnedayMrBrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He(3)totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Sittinginfrontofhimwasamanwithanumbrellastanding(4)theseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,MrBrown(5)uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgettingoff,hewas(6)bytheman.Hesaidangrily,"That's(7)!”MrBrown'sfaceturnedredandhegaveitbacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookat(8)ofthem,hesaid,"You'vemendedthemverywell."\nIntheafternoonhegotintothetrainagain.The(9)manwasinthesameseat.HelookedatMrBrownandhissixumbrellas,"You'vehada(10)day,"hesaid.1、A.showedB.passedC.returnedD.brought2、A.keptB.mendedC.usedD.sold3、A.wantedB.hadC.forgotD.decided4、A.besideB.overC.underD.from5、A.pickedB.lookedC.putD.dressed6、A.neededB.helpedC.stoppedD.remembered7、A.yoursB.mineC.hisD.hers8、A.oneB.eachC.bothD.any9、A.sameB.otherC.forgetfulD.kind10、A.hotB.rainyC.goodD.bad怎样做好中考阅读理解题（上）1.浏览全文，了解全文的概貌。2.采用顺读或倒读的方法3.抓住要点，快速阅读。4.找出主题句，弄清替代词的指代关系，推断句子结构。5.分清表层理解和深层理解的含义。6.突破生词关。7.在做到以上各点的基础上，再用“排除法”“一次判断”“逐个分析”等方法来判断找出问题的正确答案。（一）LastSundayIsawtheworststorm(暴雨)inyears.Itcamesuddenlyandwentonforthreehours.Afterlunch,Iwentintomyroomandhadarest.Theairwashot.Allwasquiet.Thenstrongwindstartedblowingintomyroom.Piecesofpaperonmydeskflewhighintotheairandsomeflewoutoftheopenwindow.AsIrantocatchthem,bigdropsofrainbegantofall.WhenIcamebackintomyhouse,itwasrainingharderandharder.Itriedhardandmanagedtoclosethewindow.ThenIheardaloudsoundfromthebackofthehouse.Iranoutofmyroomtofindoutwhathadhappened:abigtreehadfallendownandbrokenthetopofthebackroom.\n1.Thestormhappened_______.A.inthemorningB.whilehewasinthebackroomC.intheafternoonD.whilehewasinthegarden.2.Beforethestormcame,theweatherwas_____.A.coldB.coolC.hotD.warm3.Thestormlastedfor___.A.threehoursB.morethanthreehoursC.threedaysD.lessthanthreedays4.Thestrongwindblewsomeofthepaper____.A.alloverthefloorB.intothebackroomC.outofthedoorD.outofthewindow5.Thetopofthebackroomwasbrokenbecauseof___.A.thestrongwindB.theheavyrainC.theloudsoundD.thefallentree（二）OnedayTonywascrossingtheroadwhenhewashitbyacar.Hefellandbrokehisarm.Anambulance(救护车)soonarrivedandtookTonytoahospital.Thereadoctoroperatedonhisarm.Thenheputthearminacast(石膏).Tonycouldn'tmoveitatall."Youmustkeepyourarminacastforsixweeks,"thedoctorsaid."You'llbeallrightthen."Attheendofsixweeks,Tonywentbacktothehospital.Thedoctortookhisarmoutofthecast."Canyoumoveyourarm,Tony?”heasked.Tonytriedtomovehisarm.Atfirstitwasdifficult,butsoonhecouldmoveiteasily."Yes,it'sfine,"hesaid."Thankyouverymuch.""Inafewdaysitwillbeasgoodasnew,"thedoctorsaid."Justexercisesitalittle.""WillIbeabletoplaytheguitar(吉他)？"Tonyasked.\nThedoctorsmiled."Ofcourseyouwill,"hesaid."You'llhavenoproblems.""Thatisgoodnews,"Tonysaid.”BecauseIcouldn'tplayitatallbefore."1.HowdidTonybreakhisarm?A.Aguitarfellonit.B.Adoctorbrokeit.C.Hewashitbyacar.2.HowlongdidTonyhavetokeephisarminacast?A.Severaldays.B.Lessthanamonth.C.Aboutamonthandahalf.3.Assoonasthedoctortookoffthecast____.A.TonycouldmovehisarmeasilyB.TonycouldmovehisarmwithsometroubleC.Tonywasnolongerabletomovehisarm4.WhatdidthedoctortellTonytodoafterthecastwastakenoff?A.Exercisehisarm.B.TakesomemedicineC.Comebacktothehospitalagain.5.AtlastTonybecameveryhappybecause____.A.hethoughthewouldbeabletoplaytheguitar.B.thedoctorhadgivenhimaguitarC.thedoctorhadtoldhimthathecouldhelphim（三）Thisisreallyaveryfastgame.Bothsidesarefightingfortheballallthetime.Weareenjoyingeveryminuteofit.Loudshoutscanbeheardhereandthere.Willishastheballnow.ThisisonlyhisthirdgameforEngland,buthe'splayingsowellthatitwon'tbehislast,I'mquitesure.WillispassestheballtoCotton.CottonkicksitovertheheadsoftheFrenchmentowardsthe\ngoal.Buthe'stoofaraway.DupontpicksitupeasilyandthrowsittoPaton.FranceandEnglandstillhaveonegoaleach,andthereareonlytwominutesleft.Atthismoment,anythingcanhappen.PatonkickstheballacrosstoCrozat.It‘sabeautifulkick.ButStevensjumpsandjuststopstheballwiththesideofhishead.ButMenieristhere.HepassesittoCrozat,andCrozat,withoutanyhesitation(犹豫),putsheballintothebackofthegoal.It'sagreatsurprisetous.I'veneverseensuchagoallikethis.Andthegameisover.Francehaswonthecup.1.Itwouldn'tbeWillis'lastgameforEnglandbecause____.A.hehadplayedthreealreadyB.thiswasonlyhisthirdtimeC.hewasagoodplayerD.hehadkickedthreegoalsforEngland2.Whycouldn'tCottonkicktheballintothegoal?A.Williswastoofarawayfromhim.B.Hewasn'tnearthegoal.C.Dupontpickedtheballupeasily.D.TheFrenchmenstoppedtheballwiththeirheads.3."Atthismoment,anythingcanhappen"means"___".A.TheninetyminuteswillendinadrawB.ThereistimeforanothergoalC.ThegameisnearlyoverD.EitherAorB4.HowmanygoalshadtheFrenchplayerskickedbytheendofthematch?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four5.WhowereallfromtheFrenchteam?A.Cotton,Stevens,MenierandCrozat.B.Paton,Crozat,SevensandDupont.\nC.Dupont,Crozat,MenierandPaton.D.Willis,Dupont,CottonandMenier.如何做好中考听力题1.语音困难:一是发音不准,特别是音相近的词,如house--horse,much--March,hear--hair,sheep--ship,food---foot,mouth--mouse,quite--quiet,bed--bad,present--parent--peasant,box--books,等.再就是语速的变化所引起的一系列的问题、语速慢，听力材料与学生程度相当，能听懂。但语速快，听力材料低于学生的水平，也听不懂。这是由于平时对于连读，失去爆破、重读与弱读等缺少训练，因此对有些语音材料听不懂。2.内容上的困难:学生不是将注意力集中到最关键的部分.而是在一些虚词上或无关紧要的词上过多停留，影响对全文的理解。3.心理上的障碍:这是听力测试中至关重要的问题。由于过于紧张，本来能听懂的也听不懂了。具体做法：(1)看完题目，再听录音；(2)果断选择，争取时间。思维定势解题误区思维定势，指的是我们习惯性的思维方式。学生在做题时往往会受固定搭配，习惯用法等思维方式的影响，凭着经验或感觉快速解题。当然，这有利于提高解题速度，但有时也会把学生的思维引向“歧路”。现举例分析，以引起大家注意。如：1．Shanghaiislargerthan___________cityinJiangsu．A．anyB．anyotherC．otherD．one仔细分析该题，就会发现本句中两个比较的双方Shanghai和Jiangsu是“相互不包含”关系。此句实际是Shanghai与Jiangsu的任一个城市进行比较，故选A。\n2．Therearealot__________applesinthisbasketthaninthatone．A．mostB．moreC．ofD．much此题学生往往会受短语alotof的影响而选C，仔细研读该题则会发现此句是一个比较句型，句中的alot实际上是用来修饰比较级的，该题的正确答案为B。3．Whatdidyou___________atthemeetingyesterday？A．speakB．tellC．sayD．talk这道题学生一看会根据“在会上发言，speakatthemeeting”这一短语而选A。实际上这一句的意思是“你昨天在会上讲什么了？”疑问词what在句中作动词say的宾语，指说的内容，故选取答案C。4．Thebusiscoming．Let's___________．A．getitonB．getitoffC．getonitD．getitoff此题容易受“动词＋副词”短语的影响，把代词放在此结构的中间，而选答案A。表示上／下车时，此时on／off是介词，需要把代词放在on／off的后面，所以答案为C。5．I'dheardalot_________England．SomethingswereasIthought．A．ofB．aboutC．toD．for此题表面一看很简单，根据短语alotof选答案A。再看看句意，“我听说许多英国”，则发现正确答案为B，意为“听到很多有关英国的情况，有些正如我想的一样”。6．—MustIfinishtheworkbeforefiveo'clock？—No．You___________finishitbeforeeight．A．mustn'tB．needn'tC．can'tD．can对must引导的一般疑问句否定回答常用No，you\nneedn't．结构。但细细分析本句，就可以从标点看出No和它后面的部分实为两个句子，结合句意，可知答案为D。7．CanyouitinEnglish？A．speakB．sayC．tellD．talk一看到English，就联想到讲语言用动词speak，而选答案A。此题实际上是“你会用英语表达它吗？”此时inEnglish译为“用英语”，在句子中作方式状语，而it是say的宾语。因此选C。8．Thereafilmtomorrowevening．A．willhaveB．haveC．isgoingtobeD．has此句意思很明显，“明天晚上有电影”。“有”易受汉语影响而选答案A。实际上本句应用herebe句型，