初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】 9页

初中英语语法—现在完成时1．表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，强调该行为对现在造成的影响，常与already,yet,before,ever,never,just等副词连用。1)A:Haveyougotyourair-ticketsyet?A:你拿到机票了吗？B:Yes,I’vealreadygotmine./Notyet.B:是的，我已经那到了我的票了。/还没呢。2)A:Haveyoueverbeenonahelicopter?(ever,never,before可表示一种经历)A:你曾坐过直升机吗？B:Yes,I’vejustbeenonahelicopter./No,I’veneverbeenonahelicopter.B:是的，我刚乘坐过直升机。不，我从未乘坐过直升机。3)It’sthemostbeautifulbuildingI’veeverseen.(现在完成时ever+最高级)这是我所见过的最漂亮的建筑。Shehasneverhadaworsetoothache.(现在完成时never+比较级)她从未有过比这更糟糕的牙痛。4)Ihaveneverusedadigitalcamerabefore.Canyouteachmehowtouseit?我以前未用过数码相机。你能教我如何用它吗？类比训练：选择最佳答案：1)A:HaveDaveandKarenpackedtheirsuitcases________?B:Yes,they’ve________finished.Look!Theyaretakingthesuitcasesdownstairs.A)already…alreadyB)already…justC)yet….alreadyD)yet…just答案：D。解析：yet用在否定句和疑问句中。already,just用在肯定句中，但already表示已经,just表示刚好。句意：他们刚好收拾好行李,并提着他们下楼。2)A:Haveyou________seenadragon-boatrace?B:No,I’ve_______seenadragonboatrace.IhopeIwillgotoseeitwhileI’minChina.A)ever…everB)ever…neverC)never…neverD)never…ever答案：B。解析：ever用在疑问句中。never表否定。3)A:_______youryoungerbrother_______aforeignlanguagebefore?B:Yes,hehas.He________Germanlastyear.A)Havestudied…studiedB)Hasstudied…studiedC)Didstudy…hasstudiedD)Didstudy…havestudied答案：B。解析：现在完成时与before时间状语连用。lastyear表明该句应用过去时。4)I’ve_________seena__________concert.A)never…morewonderfulB)never…themostwonderful\nC)ever…morewonderfulD)ever…themostwonderful答案：A。解析：现在完成时never+比较级。句意：她从未看过比这更精彩的音乐会。表示持续到现在的动作或状态,常与since,for,howlong等表示一段时间的状语连用。a)A:HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?A:到目前为止你学英语有多久了？B:SinceIwasinGradeOne/Since1997/Since8yearsago/For8years.B:自从我上一年级以来。/自从1997年以来。/自从8年前以来。/到目前已有8年了。（since后接句子，或时间点；for后接时间段。）b)A:Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?A:你像这样有多久了?B:Sincethismorning.B:自从今天早上以来。类比训练：用sinceforhowlong填空：1)A:__________haveyouwaitedhere?B:________halfpasteight.答案：Howlong(多久),Since(接时间点)。2)A:________whenhaveyoulivedinLosAngeles?B:_________weemigrated(移居)fromChina.答案：Since(接时间点,sincewhen相当于howlong),Since后接句子。3)Theyhaveownedthatbusiness__________eightmonths.答案：for(后接时间段)。4)Ihaven’tfeltverywell________aweekago.答案：since(接时间点)。(二)现在完成时和一般过去时区别1.A:Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?B:Yes,Ihave.现在完成时强调该行为对现在造成的结果和影响。上述答句隐含着“不饿”的意思。A:Whendidyouhaveit?B:Atabouttwelve.A:Wheredidyouhaveit?B:Atschool.一般过去时强调过去的事实，如：时间、地点、原因或方式。2.Hehaslivedabroadformanyyears.他在国外生活了很多年。（他现在在国外）现在完成时强调该行为或状态持续至今。\nHelivedabroadformanyyears.他在国外生活了很多年。（他已不在国外）一般过去时强调过去的行为或状态不涉及现在。类比训练：用所给动词的适当形式填空:1)A:Who___________(take)awaymyumbrella?Ican’tfinditnow.B:Oh,Sally__________(take)itawayjustnow.答案：hastaken。强调对现在造成结果和影响：我找不到伞了。took。justnow刚才,用于过去时,不同于just。2)I___________(learn)alotfromthefarmers.IstillrememberthedayswhenIwaswiththem.I___________(learn)alotfromthefarmerswhileIwasonthefarm.答案：havelearned。强调对现在造成结果和影响：我仍记得那些与农民在一起的日子。learned。强调当时在农场时,我学到了许多。3)Myuncle___________(live)inVancouverfortwentyyears.NowhelivesinShanghaiandhasabusinessofhisown.答案：lived。根据句意他已不在温哥华生活。4)Myuncle_________(live)inVancouverfortwentyyears.Heoftencallsbacktosayhellotous.答案：haslived。根据句意他还在温哥华生活。(三)现在完成时在上下文中的使用1)完成时与现在时A:Youlookverytired.A:你看上去很累。B:Yes,I’vewalkedmanymilestodaybecauseI’mtoldthatwalkingisthebestexercise.B:是的,我今天走了好几里地因为我听说走路是最好的锻炼。2)完成时和过去时A:Haveyouboughtsteakyet?A:你买牛肉了吗?B:Yes,I’vealreadydoneso.B:早买好了。A:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:你在哪儿买的?B:Inthesupermarket.Thesteakthereisalwaysfresh.B:在超市买的那里的牛肉很新鲜。3)完成时和现在进行时A:Haveyoufinishedwritingyourreportyet?A:你写完报告了吗?\nB:Not,yet.It’sreallyhardwork,soI’mstillworkingonit.B:还没呢。这是一项艰巨的任务。我还在写呢。4)完成时和将来时A:HaveyoubeentotheEgyptianMummyExhibitioninZhongShanPark?A:你去过中山公园的木乃伊展吗?B:No,Ihaven’t.B:没去过。A:NeitherhaveI.I’llvisititthisweekend.Wouldyouliketogowithme?A:我也没去过。这周末我将去参观。你愿意和我一块去吗?B:Ofcourse.Thatmustbefun.B:当然。那一定很有趣。类比训练：1)A:________you_________(check)yourpassportyet?B:No,I_________(check)itlater.答案：havechecked,willcheck。2)A:______Yourmother_________(call)thetravelagencyyet?B:yes,she________(alreadydo)so.A:Why_______she_________(call)thetravelagency?B:Becauseshe________(want)togetmoreinformationabouttravelingtoFrance.答案：Haschecked,hasalreadydone,wanted。3)A:What_______you_______(do)now?B:I________(play)videogames.A:You________(play)videogamessincethismorning.Stopit!When______you_______(go)overyourlessons?B:Sorry,mum.I________(do)myhomeworkatonce.答案：aredoing,areplaying,haveplayed,willgo,willdo。4)A:You________(look)upset.What’sthematter?B:I________(lose)mywallet.Icantfindit.]A:Don’tworry.Letmehelpyoulookforit.答案：look,havelost。（四）动词意义对现在完成时的影响1.历时短暂的动词不与表示一段时间的状语连用，一般用相应的持续动词替代。1)HehasbeenintheVolleyballClubsinceonemonthago.(代替join)一个月前以来他已加入了排球队。2）Shehasstayedhereforthreehours.(代替come)她在这儿已呆了三个小时。3)短暂动词与相应的持续动词\njoin(theYoungPioneer/bein(theYoungPioneer/theYouthLeaguetheYouthLeague/theParty)theYouthLeague/theParty)beaYoungPioneer/Leaguemember/Partymembercome(here/back)be(here/back)go(there/toChina)be(there/inChina)leave(Shanghai)beawayfrom(Shanghai)fall(asleep/ill)be(asleep/ill)diebedeadbeginbeonfinish/endbeoverborrowkeepbuyhave/own类比训练：改写下列句子:1)Thefilmbeganhalfanhourago.Thefilm_____________________________halfanhour.答案：hasbeenon,for。2)Themanagerarrivedhereafewminutesago.Themanager____________________here________afewminutesago.答案：hasbeen,since。3)IbegantolearnEnglishwhenIwasinGradeOne.I_______________English_______IwasinGradeOne.答案：havelearned,since。4）LiPingcaughtacoldthedaybeforeyesterday.LiPing________________acoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.答案：hashad。5)Myclassmatebecameanastronautwhenheleftschool.Myclassmate__________________anastronautsinceheleftschool.答案：hasbeen。6)ComradeLeiFengdiedin1963.He________________________for42years答案：hasbeendead。.7）Themeetingendedafewminutesago.It_______________________forafewminutes.答案：hasbeenover。2.短暂动词的否定形式可与since,for连用1)Hehasn’tcomebacksinceheleftChina.自从他离开中国以来，他从未回来过。\n2)Theyhaven’tborrowedbooksfortwomonths.他们已有两个月未借书了。类比训练：中译英1)我们几年没见面了。答案：Wehaven’tmeteachotherforseveralyears.2)开学以来我们没去过公园。答案：Wehaven’tgonetotheparksinceschoolbegan.(五)havegoneto,havebeento和havebeenin1.MyfatherhasgonetoBeijing.(“去了”。Heisn’there.)2.MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingmanytimes.(“去过”。He’shere.)3.MyfatherhasbeeninBeijingforquiteafewdays.(“在北京好几天”。表示持续的状态)4.Hehasbeentheretwice.(=Hehasbeentoaplacetwice.)Hehasbeenherefortwodays.(=Hehasbeeninaplacefortwodays.)类比训练：用havegoneto,havebeento和havebeenin填空:1BarbaraandTracy___________Tokyoforaholiday.NowtheyarebackinChina.They__________theretwice.答案：havebeento,havebeen。句意:巴巴拉和翠希去过东京度假。现在他们已回到中国。她们到那儿去过两次。2Mr.He________thedentist’s.Unfortunately,hewon’tbebackuntil12o’clockbecausetherearetoomanypatientsthere.He________thedentist’sfortwohours.Nexttimehe’dbettermakeanappointmentinadvance.答案：hasgoneto,hasbeenin。何先生到牙医那儿去了。不幸是他要到中午12点才能回来。他已经在牙医诊所呆了两小时。下一次,他最好是事先约好。(六)过去完成时的用法1.表示过去之前发生的动作(即过去的过去)1)Bynoon,wehadwalkedabouttwentymiles.到中午时,我们已走了20英里。(由by引起的时间状语)2)BythetimeMikeleft,Williamhadspoketohim.到迈克离开为止,威廉姆斯已跟他谈过话。(由by引起的时间状语从句)3)Ithadreturnedinthedarknesswhenthecitizenscelebratedinside.当特洛伊市民在城内热烈庆贺时，军队早已在黑暗中返回。(由when引起的时间状语从句,先发生动作用用过去完成时,迟发生的动作用一般过去时)4)BeforehelefttheUnitedStates,heacted/hadactedinseveralTVprogramme.在他离开美国之前,他参与多部电视节目的表演。5)AfterShehadmoved/movedtoHongKong,shebecameverypopular.\n在她搬至香港之后,她变得受欢迎。(有before,after时间状语从句,先发生的动作用过去完成时,迟发生的动作用一般过去时。也可都用一般过去时,因为before,after已表明动作的先后。)6)Theteacheraskedstudentsiftheyhadfinishedreadingthenovel.那位教师问学生他们是否读完那本小说。(在宾语从句中过去完成时表明从句中的动作hadfinished先于主句中的动作asked)2.表示持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态1)Uptillthentheyhadwaitedatthebusstopforabouthalfanhour.到那时为止,他们已在车站等了半小时。2)Shetoldmethattheyhadbeenfriendssincetheymetatschool.她告诉我自从她们在学校认识以来,他们一直是好朋友。类比训练：用所给动词的适当形式填空:1.Idroppedmycreditcard.I__________(justuse)itintheshop答案hadjustused。.2.Whenwegottothebankatteno’clock,themanagertoldusthemen________(alreadyrob)thebank.答案：hadalreadyrobbed。3.Beforeshesatdowntoeat,she_________(cook)dinner.答案：hadcooked/cooked。4.She_________(stay)inRomeforafewmonths,sosheknewhowtocookItalianfood.答案：hadstayed。5.Iwonderedwhatshe_____________(do)recentlyinAmerica.答案：haddone。6.We________(arrive)bythetimeitstartedraining.答案：hadarrived。（七）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别1.Hehasbrokentwoworldrecordssincelastyear.从去年到现在,他打破了两项世界记录。(从去年到现在,用现在完成时)2.Hehadbrokentwoworldrecordsbylastyear.到去年为止,他打破了两项世界记录。(到去年为止,用过去完成时)3.Johnislatebecausehehasmissedthebus.约翰迟到了由于他没能赶上车。(用现在完成时,对现在造成结果和影响)4.Johnwaslatebecausehehadmissedthebus.约翰迟到了由于他没能赶上车。(过去完成时,对过去造成结果和影响)5.Thestoryisnotnewtome.I’vehearditbefore.这个故事对于我来说不是新的。我以前早听过了。\n6.MrLitoldusastory,butIhaditbefore.李先生讲了个故事给我们听，我以前早听过了。7.A:Whydon’tyoumakethemodelship?A:你为什么不做个模型飞机？B:I’vealreadydoneso.Hereitis.B:我早做好了。8.A:whydidn’tyouflykitewithus?A:你为什么没跟我们一起去放风筝？B:Ihadn’tmademyownkite.B:我没做完自己的风筝。9.Ithinkshehasfoundherkeytothedoor.我认为她已找到房门钥匙。10.Marytoldmethatshehadalreadylookedthewordinthedictionary.玛丽告诉过我她早已查过这个字。类比训练：用所给动词的适当形式填空:1.A:Whydidn’tyoufeedthecat?B:BecauseI_________(alreadyfeed)it.答案：hadalreadyfed。2.A:Whydon’tyoushutthedoor.B:BecauseI_________(alreadyshut)it.答案：havealreadyshut。3.Bylastweekendit__________(snow)forthreedays.答案：hadsnowed。4.Sincelastweekendit___________(snow)forthreedays.答案：hassnowed。5.ThecaptainfeltexcitedthattheGreeks___________(sail)awayandthey______(win).答案：hadsailed,hadwon。6.Maryfeelsupsetthatshe____________(fail)intheexam.答案：hasfailed。7.She_________(be)hereforalongtime.Shehasgotusedtoeverythinghere.答案：hadbeen。8.Theyoungwoman’sparents_________(be)deadformanyyears.Shehadtomakealivingherself.答案：hadbeen。9.Johndecidedtogohome,buthe_________(notfinish)hiswork.答案：hadn’tfinished。10.Johnisstillinhislabbecausehe__________(notfinish)hisexperiment.\n答案：hasn’tfinished。