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初中英语(新课标版)中考总复习冲刺材料6【第18讲被动语态复习AB】A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:一般现在时:a/is/are+p.p.一般过去时:as/ere+p.p.一般将时:shall/illbe+p.p.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时:a/is/are+being+p.p.过去将时:shuld/uldbe+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:\n①hinese______bthelargestnuberfpeple.A.speaB.isspeaing.speasD.isspen(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)②Theb______tgetsupperreadaftershl.A.eretldB.istelling.astldD.tells\n(选。考查一般过去时的被动语态)③Altfnerads______builtintheestfhina.A.ustB.ustbe.hasD.have(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)B.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如:\n这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bthatb.(填asbren).熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词b的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时b短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加nt;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:\n①uustthrthebrenptteraaatne.Thebrenptter________________________atne.(同义句)(填ustbethrnaa)②heredidthegrvegetables?(改为被动语态)here______vegetables______?(填ere;grn)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词t或fr引导。例如:①Hetldusastr.(变被动语态)\n→eeretldastr(bhi).或:Astrastldtusbhi.②Herthergaveheranepen.(变被动语态)Anepen__________________herbherther.(填asgivent)2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:①Thisditinarustn’t______frthelibrar.A.taeaaB.taenaa.aretaenaaD.betaenaa\n[D]②Sheilltaegdarefthehildren.(变被动语态)Thehildrenill______________________________(bher).(填betaengdaref)3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略t的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号t必须补上。例如:SenesahisiinQianlingLaeesterda.(变被动语态)He__________________siinQianlingLaeesterda.(填asseent)4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tbe+过去分词”。例如:Theradisasaildanialzist______inurit.\nA.bebuildingB.build.bebuiltD.built[].以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词b的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:hhasbrentheup?(改为被动语态)→Bhhastheupbeenbren?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:\n1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:Theindisbren.窗子破了。(系表结构)Theindisbrenbhi.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被s,ver,t等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用s,ver,t修饰,而需用uh,veruh,suh,tuh修饰。试比较:Heasverinterestedinsiene.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)IassuhsurprisedatthesenethatIdidn’tnhattd.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)F.牢记(相关)句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:1.beveredith被……覆盖\n2.beadef由……制作(发生物理变化)beadefr由……制作(发生化学变化)beadein由(某地)制造beadeb被(某人)制造3.beusedfr被用……beusedas被当作(作为)……使用beusedtdsth.被用做某事4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishpedthat...希望……Itisellnnthat...众所周知……例如:①—uratlsnie.Isit______ttn?\n—es.It’sShanghai.A.adef;adebB.adef;adein.adefr;adebD.adefr;adein[B]②Thisahineisused______theret.A.freepingB.aseeping.eepD.teeping\n[A]③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______verthehangiangRiverinNaning.(填Itissaid;antherbridge;built)【第19讲:模拟考场】单项选择 I 选出划线部分读音相异的词 1AindBdinnerbridgeDhappil 2AltBstrngdtrDfrnt 3AparBstartlargeDquarter 4AbrnBshrtrldDnrth\n AftBnDstd 6AsuthBthineighthDeither II选择填空 7LinTais_______lass2,Grade3 AfBninDat 8sister________herhereverevening AdBdiddesDding 9arsandbuses_______stphenthetraffilightsturnred AanBustaDneed 10---I’srrttrubleu,issGa ---______ AThesaetuBFine,thansThat’sallrightDItdesn’tatter\n 11uaallRbertThasBrn ArRbertBrThasrBrnDrRbertThas 12Theneeveningdress_______her300uan AspentBtpaDst 13i______atthisshl____tearsag AhasbeenfrBhasbeensinehavebeensineDhavebeenfr 14Please____theradiIt’stlud AturnffturnnturndnDturnup 1rBlauldn’tbu___anthings AheBhishiselfDhiselves 16uldutelle___theputer? AhtuseBthusehuseDhuset 17u’dbetter___latefrtheeeting AnttBntbenttbeDnt 18Bruestudies___Di\n AshardasBasharderasashardasDashardas 19parents___teahersfaths AallareBareallbthareDarebth 20----uldIspeatrSith,please? ----___He’sgnetthepstffie AIthinsBertainluanI’afraidntDI’ntsure 21Theshpis____needasButit’s____neeends(周末) AtpenlsedBpenslsedpenlsedDpenedlse 22brtherasede___ite___ AhthisasBhsethisashseasthisDhasthis 23---___duriteturther? --neanth AHsnBHlngHftenDhattie 24h’sgingt___arefthegardenhileuareaa? AhaveBgivetaeDl\n 2TherearethineselassesnFrida,___? AisthereBaren’ttherearethereDisn’tthere 26---uldulieaupftea? ---_______ ANtatallBN,Iuldn’tN,thansDes,Ilieit 27Duen____ppularusi? 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