初中英语基础语法课件 78页

初中英语基础语法\n一、词类名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词\n1.名词名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.\n1.1名词的分类英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1）专有名词:是国名、地名、人名、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)\n1.1名词的分类2）普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。如：pupil,family,man,foot,sadness,hope,friendship\n1.1名词的分类普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如:box,child,orange；▲不可数名词：是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information.\n1.2名词复数的变化1.可数名词的复数：规则变化/不规则变化（1）规则变化形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。\n1)一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths\n2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes\n3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies\n练一练lemon---__________beach---_______class---_______fox---_______library---_______butterfly---_______baby---_____day---_____pencil---_________watch---_______lemonsbeachesclassesfoxeslibrariesbutterfliesbabieswatchesdayspencils\nsurvey----subway----apartment----identity----parcel----fee----track----surveyssubwaysapartmentsidentitiesparcelsfeestracks\n1.---CanIhelpyou?---Three_______(doll),please.2.Ilike____________(strawberry)becausetheyaresweetandjuicy.3.Idon’tlike_______(fly)becausetheyareuglyanddirty.4.Theycomefromdifferent_________(country).dollsstrawberriesfliescountries\n4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leavesthief-thievesknife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halves\n5)有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefsroof-roofs\npotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radioszoo-zoos\n6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-spotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radios,zoo-zoos*piano-pianosphoto-photos\n构成方法例词一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-shero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,piano-pianos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos\n综合挑战，你敢接吗？planebrushchurchpianoshelfthiefradiosubwaytomatophotooxherolaundrysesess--shelves--thievesssesseses--laundries\n游戏规则：1.游戏分为必答题和抢答题，答题者举手示意。2.最先举手者获得答题权，答对该组加一分，答错不扣分，两轮答题结束后，得分最高组获胜。3.获胜组可要求其他组的任意两人课后准备英语绕口令或笑话，下节课当众讲给大家听。4.答题者在答题前需说：Iam.../Mynameis...\n要求：不得翻阅笔记，各组互相监督，发现一次扣1分。答题者一旦说出可，不得更改，更改无效！必答题：每组轮流答题，限时5秒。答不上来则下一组回答，答对组加分。示范：cat----cats答题者说出名词复数后要拼写正确，否则不计分\n需要记分员和主持人一名要求：1.记分员和主持人要本着公平公正的原则，不得有人和私心，其他组成员发现有不公平现象，经大家同意，给记分员和主持人所在组减分。2.记分员和主持人若想参与游戏，可与本组人员交换\nbusbuses\npotatopotatoes\nboyboys\nfamilyfamilies\nzoozoos\ncountrycountries\nwatchwatches\ntomatotomatoes\nchiefchiefs\nknifeknives\ncitycities\nbrushbrushes\nradioradios\npotatopotatoes\nroofroofs\nshelfshelves\nstrawberrystrawberries\nleafleaves\nIwe\nhisthem\nerasererasers\nheroheroes\ndishdishes\ndaydays\n抢答题：答题者举手示意，最先举手者获得答题权，有扰乱秩序现象记分员可酌情减分！注：单词前有+的，答题者说出单词意思，加0.5分。\n+puppypuppies\n+oxoxes\nstorystories\n+wolfwolves\n+flyflies\n+diarydiaries\n+itemitems\n+highwayhighways\n+beachbeaches\n+overcoatovercoats\nstudentstudents\n+curtaincurtains\npianopianos\npeachpeaches\n答题者能准确说出句子意思，可加1分\nLilyandLucyaremy____________(classmate).classmates\nHowmany___________(subway)arethereinShenZhen?subways\nThe______(leaf)turngreeninspring.leaves\nThereare______(photo)onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.photos\n1.2名词复数的变化（2）不规则变化形式1）单复数同形：sheep---sheepfish---fishChinese,Japanese\nfish---fishesfish（不可数）fish---fish\n2)元音字母oo变为eetooth---teethfoot---feet\n3)变man为menman---menwoman---womenpoliceman---policemenpolicewoman---policewomen\n4)其他形式childmouse---mice---children\n\n注意：1.有些名词单复数异义glassglassespaperpapers\n2.有些名词只有复数形式clothestrousers\n不可数名词waterricebread\n注：不可数名词要表示数量，需借助量词一瓶水：一碗米饭：一杯咖啡：abottleofwaterabowlofriceacupofcoffee\nman   _____  woman  _____ child   ___foot______this _____paper_________juice__________water____________rice________sheep___________deer__________fish___________menwomenchildrenfeetthesepapersaglassofjuiceabottleofwaterabowlofricesheepdeerfish\nChineseEnglishmanFrenchmanSwisspolicewomanJapanese