代词课件,初中语法 33页

·人教版语法代词\n人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称I_____we__________youyou_____hesheitherithim_____them·人教版语法要点1．掌握人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法。2．掌握指示代词和反身代词的人称和数的变化。要点一：人称代词meusyouyouthey\nmyfriend=Tom=Mary=mymother=Maryandlily=heandI=hissister=he/shehesheshetheyweshe\n·人教版2.用法人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：Wealllikehim.(we作主语，him作宾语)—Whoisit?—It'sI/me.(it作主语，I或me作表语)[提醒](1)当句中三种人称单数并列时一般顺序是you,heandI(即二、三、一)；复数并列时顺序是we,youandthey。You,heandIareallinvitedtothepartythisevening.\nit作无人称代词的主语，表时间、天气、距离、温度、环境和情况。ItwasnoisywhenIgottotheroom.Whattimeisit?It’snineo’clock.(时间）What’stheweatherliketoday?It’ssunny.（天气）It’stwokilometersfromyourschooltothepostoffice.（距离）\n·人教版(2)代词it可代替动词不定式作为句中的形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：对我而言，按时完成作业有困难。______hardforme__________thehomeworkontime.我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。Wethinkithelpful________awalkaftersupper.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。________himthreedaystofinishreadingthebook.It'stofinishtotakeIttook\n·人教版要点二：物主代词1．分类物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表：人称数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数myouryouryourhershisheritstheir________________oursyourstheirsmineyourshisits\n·人教版2.用法形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用。名词性物主代词单独使用，相当于名词的作用。如；Thisishiscomputer.＝Thiscomputerishis.这是他的电脑。\n·人教版要点三：反身代词1．反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表：人称单数复数第一人称______ourselves第二人称yourself__________第三人称herselfthemselveshimselfthemselves____________themselvesmyselfyourselvesitself\n·人教版2.用法(1)反身代词在句子中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语)，和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如：Thegirlistooyoungtolookafter________.这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。(作宾语)(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作用。如：Imyselfcandothisworkwell.我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语)Youcanasktheteacherherself.你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语)herself\n·人教版3．固定搭配leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下随便吃/喝________________byoneself单独地过得快乐；玩得开心________________learnbyoneself＝teachoneself自学伤害某人自己_____________cometooneself苏醒saytooneself心里想makeoneselfathome别拘束helponeselftoenjoyoneselfhurtoneself\n一、用人称代词代替下列各词或划线部分：1.Mrs.Li2.heruncle3.MissLiu4.myfamily5.mycousinandI6.ourpencils7.itstail8.hisgrandmother9.yourT-shirt10.Bob11.theirpears12.thepark13.Jenny14.theanimals15.mymotherandfather16.Thecarisred.17.Thesebooksareonthedesk18.MymotherandIareathome.19.Mr.Smithisakindman.20.Herauntisamodel.(模特)\n二．用括号中代词的适当形式填空1.Hersisterishelping_______（we）.2.JohnandIareinthesameschool.（we）gotoschooltogether.3.Everyonelikes_____(she),do(you)?4.Hersisterishelping_______（we）.5.______(me)havemanyfriends.Someof（they）aregoodatEnglish.6.JimisEnglish._____(I)likeplayingwith_______(he)7.Ilove________（they）verymuch.8.MissLioftenlooksafter________（she）9.Theyarewaitingfor__________（they）.10.DoyoulikeLiMing?No,______(I)don’tlike_____.(he)11.Dannygivesthebookto______.(you)usWeherusIthemIhimthemherselfthemIhimyou\n1.Is___aboyorgirl?A.sheB.heC.oneD.it2.Theyasked___todothework.A.you,heandIB.you,himandmeC.I,youandheD.me,youandhim3.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan____be?A.oneB.heC.sheD.it4.___aheavyrainlastnight.A.TherehadB.WehadC.ItwasD.Thereis5.___is200kilometresfromheretothenaturalpark.Wehavetogotherebycar.A.ThereB.ItC.ThisD.Theplace6.Thebearwasshotin___head.?A.theB.itsC.aD.this\n8.Ourroomisbig,but____isbiggerthan____.A.their;ourB.their;oursC.theirs;oursD.theirs;our.9.–Haveyoureadthenewspapertoday?–Yes,thereisinit.A.somethinginterestingB.interestingsomethingC.anythinginterestingD.interestinganything10.SorryIhaveforgot____telephonenumber.A.yoursB.himC.youD.his11.We____atthepartylastSunday.A.enjoyedmyselfB.enjoyedourselvesC.enjoymyselfD.enjoyedourself12.Youaretwelvenow.___mustlookafter___.A.You;yourselfB.Your;yourselfC.You;yourD.You're;yourself60Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.A.anystudentsB.otherstudentC.anyotherstudentD.anyotherstudents\n.13.“Make____athome."hesaidtohisfriends.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.youD.yours14.LetTonydoitby____.HeisnolongerakidA.himB.hisC.himselfD.he15.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen____.A./B.oneC.suitsD.ones16.Tom,Pleasepass________thenewspaper.Iwanttoreadit.A.youB.meC.himD.her17.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few18.---Youwant________sandwich?---Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI’mhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother\n·人教版要点四：指示代词单数复数this(这个)these(这些)指近处that(那个)those(那些)指远处指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有：\n·人教版要点五：不定代词1．定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有：some，any，no，none，one，all，every，each，other，another，either，neither，both，many，much，(a)few，(a)little，alotof，lotsof以及some，any，no和every与thing，body或one构成的复合不定代词。\n·人教版2．常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析(1)few，afew，little，alittle修饰可数名词(复数)afew(几个，一些)few(几乎没有)alittle(一点)little(很少，不多)用法肯定意义否定意义修饰不可数名词\n·人教版如：Hehas______friends，buthehas______goodfriends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。There'sstill______meatathome，butthere's______bread.家里还有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。(2)some，any①二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。②在疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时，用some。如：Wouldyoulike__________？来点儿茶吗？Willyoupleaseget_____________forme?请你帮我弄点儿水好吗？afewfewalittlelittlesometeasomewater\n·人教版使用范围都都不两者之一两者bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneany(3)both，all，neither，either，any，none如：Myparentsare______teachers.我父母都是老师。Therearesometreeson______sideoftheroad.马路两边都有树。Ilike__________thesetwocoats.两件大衣我都不喜欢。botheitherneitherof\n·人教版(4)many，much，alotof三者都表示“许多”。其中many和much常用于否定句和疑问句中；肯定句中常用alotof。many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词；alotof(＝lotsof)既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。(5)each，every两者都表示“每个”“各个”，前者强调每个人或事物的个别情况，即强调个体；后者有“全体”的意思，即强调整体。如：__________themhasadictionary.他们每人有一本词典。__________minuteisimportanttous.对我们来说每分钟都很重要。EachofEvery\n·人教版(6)another，(the)other，(the)othersother泛指“另外的”，不能单独使用，后接名词。others等于“other＋复数名词”，泛指“别的人或物”；theother(＋单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one…theother”结构。theothers等于“theother＋复数名词”，表示“其余所有的人或物”。another泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。如：Doyouhaveanyotherideas?你有别的想法吗？Ihavetwobrothers.____________isadoctor，____________isateacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教师。Onetheother\n·人教版Heisalwaysreadytohelp__________.他总是乐意帮助别人。Fiveofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabout_________？他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？Don'tloseheart.Have__________try.别灰心，再试一次。otherstheothersanother\n·人教版(7)复合不定代词①以some和any开头的复合不定代词用法和some，any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)②修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如：Isthere__________________intoday'snewspaper?今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗？③复合不定代词作主语视为单数。如：Nobody__________hisname.没有人知道他的名字。anythingimportantknows\n·人教版要点六：疑问代词疑问代词主要有who(谁)，whom(谁)，which(哪一个/哪一些)，what(什么)和whose(谁的)，用来构成特殊疑问句，放在句子开头。如：______doyouwanttoknow?你想要知道什么？______shirtisthis?这是谁的衬衫？Teaandcoffee,______doyouprefer?WhatWhosewhich\nExercises:1--________isyoure-mailaddress(邮件地址)?--It’sxinxin@163.com.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Which2–______doesyourbrotherdo?--Heisabusdriver.A.WhereB.WhyC.WhatD.How3.--______canIdoforyou?--Iwouldlikeacupoftea.A.WhatB.HowC.WhichD.Who4.--______coatismorebeautifulthanyours?--Lily’s.A.WhichB.WhoseC.WhoD.What\n7.Youmaycometomyhouse______thisweek_____nextweek.A.neither;orB.fromtoC.eitherorD.either;nor8.Idon’tthinkwecandoitall______.A.byourselvesB.bymyselfC.byourselfD.byyourselves9.Idon’twantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme______A.othersB.theothersC.anotherD.theother10.Ican’trepairthemodelship______.Canyouhelp______?A.me;meB.myself,myselfC.myself,meD.me,myself11.Doesyourbrotheroftenwashclothes______?A.heB.himselfC.herselfD.him\n5.--______isthematter?--Ihaveaheadache(头疼).A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which6--______areyougoingtodothisevening,Sally?--I’mgoingtodomyhomework.A.WhereB.whatC.howD.when\n12.WestudyChinese,English,mathsandsome______subjects.A.theotherB.oneC.otherD.another13.Ihavetwosisters.______ofthemaredoctors.A.BothB.AllC.EitherD.Neither14.Thebookontheshelfis______.She______wrote______nameonitscover.A.hers,herself,herB.Her;hers;herselfC.hers;her;hersD.Her;herself;herself15.“Don’tworry.There’s______muchwrongwithyou.”saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.somethingD.very\n16.Theseshoesaretoosmall.Youmaybuysome______shoes.A.anotherB.otherC.theothersD.others17.IaskedJimandBobtocometomyhousefordinner,but______ofthemcame.A.allB.bothC.noneD.neither18.______LiPing’sbrother.A.HerB.HisC.He’sD.She’s\n19.Ifound_______impossiblefor_______toworkoutthemathsproblem.A.it;himB.it;heC.that;himD.that;he20.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them21.Althoughhe'swealthy，hespends___onclothes.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew\n22.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan_______.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs23.---Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?---______________,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None24.---Oh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.---Nevermind.Youcanhave________.A.usB.oursC.youD.yours25.---CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?---_______isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None26.---Howareyougoingtoimprove_______thisterm?---Workharderthanlastterm.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourself