【英语】初中英语复合句中考专项讲解与练习 8页

孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺鹰击长空—基础不丢一、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态1、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/if；3）特殊疑问词What/when/where/who等。Hesaidthathecouldhelpme.Yourmotheraskedifyoucouldfinishyourworkthisweek.Canyoutellmewhenthesportsmeetingwillbegin？（1）that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。Hesaid(that)hecouldcomeontime.他说他会准时来的。（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句：从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.Idon’tcarewhetheryoulikethestoryornot.注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。①接带to的动词不定式。Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothezoo.她不知道是不是去动物园。②与ornot连用时。I’mnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeontime.他能否准时来，我说不准。（3）疑问词引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,what,which等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?Hedidn’ttellmehowlonghewouldstayhere.2、宾语从句的三个注意事项1）语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?→____________________________________________________Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.→__________________________________________________2）时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。Myteachersayshewillbebackinaweek.Myteachersayshehasseenthemovie.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。MyfathersaidhewaswatchingTVatthattime.Myfathersaidthehehadalreadyseenthemovie.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。Ourteachertoldusthesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。3)否定转移：主句的主语如果是第一人称，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?二、定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语关系代词which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语when时间名词时间状语关系副词where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺1.选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：①看所修饰的是人还是物；②看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如：Doyouknowthemanwho/thatsellseggstome?（先行词是“theman，在从句中作主语，用”who/that）Yourfatherwasnotonthetrainthat/whicharrivedjustnow.(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语)Thisisthebook(which/that)youwanted.(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor?(先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语)Youcangohomewhereyoucanhavearest.(先行词是地点，where相当于athome，在从句中作地点状语)Doyouremembertheyearwhenwewerehungryeveryday？(先行词是时间，when相当于intheyear，在从句中作时间状语）Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedidn’tcometoourparty？(先行词是原因，why相当于forthereason，在从句中作原因状语）2.引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如：Haveyouseenthebook(that)Igaveyouyesterday？3.引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如：Doyouknowthemanwhoisspeakingtoyourfather？三、状语从句用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。1.时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when（当⋯⋯时），while（当⋯⋯时），as（当⋯⋯时），before（在⋯⋯之前），after（在⋯⋯之后），since（自从），until（直到），assoonas（一⋯⋯就），once（一旦⋯⋯就）等。例如：Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.IcanlistentotheradiowhileIwork.注意：①时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Iwilltelephoneyouwhenhecomes.I’llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.②when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如：HewasworkingwhenIwentin.Whensheheardthenews,shebegantocry.while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在⋯⋯期间”。Theyrushedinwhileweweresinging.我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边⋯⋯一边”。Johnsingsashewalkshome.③while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。Ilikeplayingfootball,whileTomlikeslisteningtomusic.④since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。WehavebeenfriendssincewemetinBeijing.Ithasbeensixyearssincesheleftschool.2.地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where（哪里），wherever（无论哪里）等。Putitwhereyoufindit.Youcansitwhereveryoulike.3.原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because（因为），as（因为），since（既然）等。Iofteneatcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodformyhealth.AsIdon’tknowtheway,Ihadtoaskthepoliceman.注意：①because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。Ididn’ttellthembecausetheyweretooyoung.②because和so不能同在一个句子里。Becausethebookwasexpensive,Ididn’前不用tbuyit.(Iso)4.结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：so⋯that⋯（如此⋯⋯以致⋯⋯），sothat（结果），such⋯that⋯（如此⋯⋯以致⋯⋯）等。It’ssuchagoodchancethatyoucanit.’tmiss注意：so⋯that和such⋯that都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。①such...thatsuch＋a(an)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句such＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺Hewassuchanhonestmanthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.TheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.②但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰，则用so。例如：Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.③so...thatso＋形容词／副词.＋that从句so＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数可数名词＋that从句Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.Dr.Wangissogoodthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.=Heissogoodadoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.=Heissuchagooddoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.)5.目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so（以便），sothat（为了），inorderthat（为了）等，从句中多用情态动词can,will,may,should等。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.6.条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if（如果），unless（如果不，除非），aslongas（只要）等。Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoswimming.如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。注意：①条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。②unless意思相当于if⋯not⋯。7.让步状语从句：常由though/although(虽然)，evenif/though(即使)等引导。Thoughit’shardwork,Ienjoyit.突飞猛进—过手训练1.Idon’tknowifyoucometomypartytomorrow.〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法，从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句，要用一般将来时，此题误用作状语从句了。所以应把come改为will/cancome。2.CanyoutellmewheredoeshestudyEnglish?〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的语序的用法，特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，所以把助动词does去掉，而且因为从句主语是he，还要把study变成studies。精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺3.Myteachertoldmethatlighttraveledfasterthanthesound.〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理（即光速比声速快），所以宾语从句用一般现在时，而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为travels。4.Theyarethepeopleandbookswhoyouwanttolearn.〔解析〕本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法，定语从句的先行词既有人和也有物，所以引导词要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为that。5.Hegottoschoolearlyifhecouldcleantheclassroom.〔解析〕本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法。if引导条件状语从句，而此句应该用连接词sothat引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为sothat。突飞猛进—过手训练1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________？A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.Ican'tforgetthetime________theearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where3.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound4.Ihurried_______Iwouldn'tbelateforclass.A.soB.sothatC.ifD.unless5.Thisismybeautifulschool________isnearthefamouslibrary.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when6.Friendsarethose________makeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who7.—Doesanyoneknow________？—IhearthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom8.Idon'tknowifJack________.Ifhe________,callme,please.A.willcome;willcomesB.comes;comeC.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes9.TheTVplayisaboutatruestory________happenedinMianyangin1998.A.itB.whatC.thatD.when10.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen11.We______TVwhenthetelephone________.A.watched,wasringingB.werewatching,rangC.werewatching,ringsD.arewatching,rang12.Doyoulikemusic______makesyourelaxed?A.itB.whatC.whoD.that13.—Doyouknow________theMP4yesterday?—Sorry.I'venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayforB.howmuchhepaidforC.hepaidforhowmuchD.hepaidhowmuchfor14.Isthattheman________helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who15.Hemetmanyproblems________hewasgoingoverhislessons.A.beforeB.assoonasC.sinceD.while16.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome17.________wellyoudrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.NomatterwhereB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Assoonas18.Wehavetogetupat7：15tomorrowmorning,________wewillbelateforthe7：40train.A.beforeB.orC.ifD.so19.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves20.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare21．Sorry,wedon'thavethecoat________youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which22.It'saseriousproblem.Wecan'tdecide________Mr.Harriscomesback.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.so23.It'ssnowingoutside!Putonmoreclothes,________youmaycatchacold.A.andB.butC.orD.though24.Thepolicemanaskedme________atthistimeyesterday.A.whatwasIdoingB.whatdidIdoC.whatIwasdoingD.whatIdo25.______Chinaisgrowingstrongerandstronger,Chineseistaughtinmoreandmorecountries.A.IfB.UnlessC.AsD.Although26.—Tommy,doyouknowifFrank_______tothetheatrewithusthisSundayifit________？—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页，共8页-----------------------\n孝感戴氏教育高考中考名校冲刺A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine27.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe______?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive28.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay29.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled30.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which31.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where32.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom33.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which34.Thisistheplace____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which35.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when36.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why37.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which38.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich39.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which40.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where精品学习资料可选择pdf第8页，共8页-----------------------