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fromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/从句39begoingto+v(原）将来时40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44beingoodhealth身体健康45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像……eg:I’mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的气50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He’sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I’msureofmyhead(myteacher\n我相信我的大脑（老师）第2页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I’msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一样73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句76because+句子becauseof+短语eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg:Let’sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…两者之间79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I’msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站Theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He’sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到……为止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care关心eg:Don’tyoucareaboutthiscountry’sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85catchupwithsb赶上某人86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87comein进88comeoverto过来89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗？90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州？92danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93decidetodosth决定做某事94doasurveyof\n做某方面的调查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做错97Don’tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don’tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……99each+名（单）每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书第3页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing（名词）110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don’tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完，被（别人）做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告\n谈一谈131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方）……去过某过地方havegoneto…（地方）去了某地还没回来133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo我没什么事情做135havetodosth必须做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have…time+doing第4页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处141helpsbwithsth\one’ssth帮助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否＝wethereg:Idon’tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon’tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg:I’llgotoLuZhouifitdoes’train假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I’llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147inone’sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）151inthesun在太阳下152increase\n增加eg:They’veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+（名）代替eg:I’dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果，而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍155invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It’s+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样158It’s+adj+todo做某事怎么样159It’s+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样It’s+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样160It’s+adj(forsb)todo（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It’s+adjofsbtodosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg:It’sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It’sagoodideaforsbtodosth对……来说是个好主意162It’simportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:It’simportanttome163It’stimetodosthIt’stimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:It’stimetohaveclassIt’stimeforclass该去上课了第5页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用164join=takepartin参加165justnow刚才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样？167keepout不让……进入168keepsbadj让……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答题或钥匙171laughat…取笑……eg:Don’tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自学173learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth学做某事175letsbdosth让某人做某事176Letsbdown让某人失望eg：Weshouldn’tletourfarentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望177livefrom:离某地远178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顾照看180loseone’sway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事182makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly\n把时间定的早一点184makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样188makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写189makeupbemadeupof(被动语态）由……组成190make…differenceto…191mindsbtodomindone’sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容词194mustbe一定195need+名词196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(实义动词）needdo(情态动词）198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名词200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn’tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副）atalleg:He’snottallatallshedoesn’tjunpfaratall202not…atall一点都不203not…either表否定，也不第6页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用eg:Idon’tjapanseeitherIdon’thavesister,either我也没有姐姐204not…until直到……才……eg:Ididn’tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn’tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我给你提供水207onone’swayto…在谁去那的路上208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈210ontime准时intime及时211oneday＝someday＝someday一天，有一天212oneof+可数名词的复数形式213onetoanother一个到另一个214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作216payfor…付……钱paythebill开钱，付钱217please+do218pleasehelp\nyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing练习做某事222prefersthtosth相对……更喜欢……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来223pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他装着不知道答案224rather…than宁可……也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225regard…as把……当作……eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily请带我向你的家人我最好的问候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不爱关心别人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做饭227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:Thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays这照片使我想起了我的学校第7页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用Thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人229saytooneself对自己说230saytosb对某人说231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送给某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？239shock使……震惊eg:Oh,It’sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthe\nbook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……244start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始245stayawayfrom远离……eg:We’retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时，我们要远离动物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou’dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名这样，这种251suitsb适合某人252surprisesb使某人惊奇toone’ssurprise令某人惊奇253takeclasses上课254takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk＝goforawalk散步256①talkto对谁说eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和谁说eg:Italkwithhim③talkof谈到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout谈论关于……257talkwithsb和某人说话258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告诉某人某事262tellsbtodosth告诉某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做什么263tell…from…264thankyoufor+doing第8页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用265thesame+名词(doing)+as……266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同267thewaytodosth＝thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto…（地点）到哪的269too…to…太怎样而不能……adj+enoughto足够…能…so…that+丛句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool＝Heissooldthathecangoto\nschool270transalte……into……把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但没成功trydoingsth想干什么，已经做过了eg：Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去，但没成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去，已经做过了274try…试衣服haveatry试一下275turndown开小←→turnup开大276turnoff关上←→turnon打开open拆开277upsidedown倒着278visitto„参观某个地方279waitforsb等某人【初中英语语法总结】【1一般现在时的用法】1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。例如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七点离开家。2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：Idon’twantsomuch.我不要那么多。AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。【2一般过去时的用法】1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：第9页共82\n页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……时间了""该……了"。例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。Itistimethatsb.didsth."时间已迟了""早该……了"，例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示’宁愿某人做某事’。例如：I’dratheryoucametomorrow.还是明天来吧。4）wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。比较：Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?您还要些什么吗？Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词could,would。例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行车，能借用一些吗？【3usedto/beusedto】usedto+do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。beusedto+doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It’s69568442.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。【4一般将来时】1）shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will\n在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？我先读哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点回家好吗？2）begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3）be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。第10页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。【5begoingto/will用于条件句时，begoingto表将来,will表意愿。】例如：Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you’dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.【6beto和begoingto】beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）I’mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）【7一般现在时表将来】1）下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）以here,there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：WhenBillcomes（不是willcome）,askhimtowaitforme.比尔来后，让他等我。I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的宾语从句中。例如：Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。【8用现在进行时表示将来\n】下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：I’mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆到下周吗？【9现在完成时】现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。【10比较一般过去时与现在完成时】1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。4）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等例如：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）Whohasn’thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在团内的状态可延续）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是团员的状态可持续）第11页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用5）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.【11.比较since和for】Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在这儿二十多年了。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（我现在已不在这里工作。）Ihaveworkedhereformany\nyears.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。（对）TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.（错）Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.【12.since的四种用法】1）since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix）。例如：Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since+一段时间+ago。例如：Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。3）since+从句。例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后，变化可大了。Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我们走后，变化可大了。4）Itis+一段时间+since从句。例如：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有两年了。【13.延续动词与瞬间动词】1）用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）I’veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）2）用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：Hedidn’tcomebackuntilteno’clock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntilteno’clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题1.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。【14.用一般过去时代替过去完成时】1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：第12页共82\n页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.【15.不用进行时的动词】1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态的动词，如know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。【16.过去进行时】1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3）常用的时间状语有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。例如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。典型例题1）Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2）Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fallsick。【重点部分提要】一.词汇⑴\n单词1.介词：in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中"，"在……内"。例如：inourclass在我们班上inmybag在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在……上"。例如：onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上第13页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3).under表示"在……下"。例如：underthetree在树下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如：behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如：neartheteacher’sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……处"。例如：atschool在学校athome在家atthedoor在门口7).of表示"……的"。例如：apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofChina一张中国地图2.冠词a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如anapple.a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。Thisisacat.这是一只猫。It’sanEnglishbook.这是一本英语书。Hisfatherisa\nworker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who’stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?------Icanseeabag.------Where’sthebag?------It’sonthedesk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀？------我能看见一个书包。------书包在哪呀？------在桌子上。3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如：Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。第14页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？Thereisn’tanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗？②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。Heisn’tathomenow.他现在不在家。It’sapictureofmyfamily.这是一张我全家的照片。5.little的用法alittledog一只小狗，alittleboy\n一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。⑵词组onthedesk在桌子上behindthechair在椅子后underthechair在椅子下面inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中nearthedoor在门附近apictureofaclassroom一个教室的图片lookatthepicture看这张图片theteacher’sdesk讲桌amapofChina一张中国地图familytree家谱haveaseat坐下，就坐thisway这边走二.日常用语1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.第15页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用2.Goandsee.Ithinkit’sLiLei.3.Gladtomeetyou.4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks.5.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.6.Where’sShenzhen?It’snearHongKong.7.Letmesee.（口语）让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：8.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位"，是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐"，也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。三.语法1.名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：（1）.一般情况下在词尾加"’s"。例如：Kate’sfatherKate的爸爸mymother’sfriend我妈妈的朋友（2）.如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"’"。例如：Teachers’Day\n教师节Theboys’game男孩们的游戏（3）.如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"’s"。例如：Children’sDay儿童节Women’sDay妇女节（4）.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：LucyandLily’sroomLucy和Lily的房间KateandJim’sfatherKate和Jim的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"’s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。amapofChina一幅中国地图thenameofhercat她的猫的名字apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一张照片thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门2.祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。（1）.祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Goandsee.去看看。Comein,please.请进。（2）.祈使句的否定形式常用don’t于句首。Don’tlookatyourbooks.不要看书。Don’tplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。第16页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3.Therebe的句子结构Therebe是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，肯定句的形式为：Therebe+名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。（1）therebe的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为：Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。（2）therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn’t/aren’t.---Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗？---Yes,thereis.有。---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?\n河里有船吗？---No,therearen’t.没有。（3）特殊疑问句：Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用Therebe...There’sone./Therearetwo/three/some...有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生？---There’sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语？Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水？Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物？【课题专练】专题一、英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词第17页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：①Let’sgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③Let’shaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,\nrich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2.派生法第18页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti-(反对；抵抗),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(强调距离)等。例如：alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一„„)，-ian(精通„„的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家第19页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使„„化)，-ize\n(使„„成为)。例如：wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像„„的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。例如：nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：第20页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards朝„„，向„„east东方→eastward向东(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几)，-ty(几十)，-th(构成序数词)。例如：six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十3.合成法1)合成名词构成方式例词名词＋名词weekend周末名词＋动词daybreak黎明名词＋动名词handwriting书法名词＋及物动词＋er／or\npain-killer止痛药名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑代词＋名词she-wolf母狼动词＋名词typewriter打字机动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词＋名词gentleman绅士副词＋动词outbreak爆发介词＋名词afternoon下午2)合成形容词名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的名词＋现在分词English-speaking讲英语的第21页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用名词＋to＋名词face-to-face面对面的名词＋过去分词man-made人造的数词＋名词one-way单行的数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old两岁的数词＋名词＋edfive-storeyed五层的动词＋副词see-through透明的形容词＋名词high-class高级的形容词＋名词＋ednoble-minded高尚的形容词＋形容词light-blue浅蓝色的形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的副词＋形容词ever-green常青的副词＋现在分词hard-working勤劳的副词＋过去分词well-known著名的副词＋名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词＋名词downhill下坡的3)合成动词名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游形容词＋动词white-wash粉刷副词＋动词overthrow推翻4)合成副词形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词＋副词everywhere到处副词＋副词however尽管如此介词＋名词beforehand事先第22页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用介词＋副词forever永远5)合成代词代词宾格＋selfherself她自己物主代词＋self\nmyself我自己形容词＋名词anything任何东西6)合成介词副词＋名词inside在„„里面介词＋副词within在„„之内副词＋介词into进入4.截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephone→phoneaeroplane→planeomnibus→bus2)去尾mathematics→mathsco-operate→co-opexamination→examkilogram→kilolaboratory→labtaxicab→taxi3)截头去尾influenza→flu第23页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用refrigerator→fridgeprescription→script5.混合法(混成法)混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送smokeandfog→smog烟雾helicopterairport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。veryimportantperson→VIP(读字母音)要人；大人物television→TV(读字母音)电视TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福Nato三.巩固练习1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician第24页共82\n页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement第25页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valueless\nD.unvaluable21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.第26页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy，notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest[参考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB16-20BAAAB专题二、英语语法汇总及练习动词的时态:初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时.1.一般现时的用法：主要由动词原形表示，但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do,does.A.经常性或习惯性的动作。如Thetreesgetgreeninspring.。B现在特征或状态。如TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinourcountry.Hedoesn`tworkinthefactory.C.普遍真理。如Thesunrisesintheeast.Fiveandtwoinseven.2现在进行时：现在进行时是由助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成。主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：Wherearetheyswimming?Theyareswimmingintheriver.有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,worksleep,stay,play,do,have,wear…..Sheiscomingtoseeme\ntomorrow.3．一般将来时：主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。/begoingto加动词原形构成Itwon’traintonight.Ishallmeetyouatthestation.Heisgoingtohaveaswimtomorrow.4.一般过去时：由动词的过去式表示。第27页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如；Didyouknockatthedoorjustnow?/Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.5.现在完成时：由have的人称形式加过去分词构成A到现在为止已经完成的动作。如：IhavelentmybooktoAnn.我把书借给了安。Hehasneverseenarealtiger.他从来没有见过真老虎。B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如：Shehaslivedheresince1991.从一九九一年起她就住在这里。时态常用的时间副词一般现在时every(year,otherday,twodays,week,month…),often,always,usually,sometimes,inthemorning,insummer,onSunday一般过去时lastweek,justnow,yesterday,yeaterdaymorning,thedaybeforeyesterday,then,atthatmoment,(afewdays)ago,一般将来时tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,现在进行时now现在完成时since,for（oneyear….）,just,already,yet,inthelastfiveyears,…before.sofar被动语态：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Be有人称，数量和时态变化。一般现在时：be(isamare)+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：be(waswere)+及物动词的过去分词情态动词的过去分词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词用动词的适当时态填空：1.Light_________(travel)fasterthansound.He_______(get)upearlyinthemorning2.Johnusually________(go)homeonSundaymorning.3.Cats________(like)fishwhiledogs_______(like).4.Healways__________(sleep)withhiswindowsopen.5.Onetree___________(notmake)awood.Twoandthree_______(be)five.6.I______(say)youarewrong.Everything_______(go)wellinspring.7.He_________(notwok)onSundays.He_______(take)awalkaftersupper.8.Lucy________(prefer)coffeetomilk.Lily________(hate)\ntraveling.9.Children_______(love)toplaygames.Theboy_____(look)likehismother.10.Thesun_______(rise)intheeastand______(go)downinthewest.11.Where______you______(go)justnow?I_______(go)tothelibrary.12.He______(live)inChinalastyear,buthe________(live)inJapannow.He_________(live)thereforthreemonths.He________(live)therebytheendofthisyear.13.He_______(pay)tenyuanforhisnewbookyesterday.It______(cost)himsolittle.第28页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用14.What_____you_____(wear)yesterday?I_______(wear)ablueskirt.15.He______(feel)verytiredlastnight,he____(fall)asleepveryquickly.16.He______(say)he______(will)writetomeassoonashecamehome.17.He______(take)histemperaturehalfanhourago.18.We________(win)theleaguematchlastweek,we______(be)thewinners.19.She______(keep)mewaitingforanhourlastnight.She______(be)late.20.He______(find)itdifficulttogettosleep.becausehe_______(be)tooglad.21.He________(read)abookwhenI______(see)her.22.Greatchanges_______(happen)inthevillagelastyear.23.He____(drive)toShanghailastweek,he________(choose)manypresentsforhisfamily.24.Justnow,he______(mistake)meforLucy.25.What______you_____(do)now?I________(look)formypen.26.Look,they______(read)overthere，others_______(dance)underthetalltree.27.Listen,someone___________(sing)Englishsongsnextroom.28.It’sfiveo’clock..I________(do)myhomework,Mybrother__________(play)games,mymother_________(cook)supper,myfather________(mend)hiscarinthegarden.29.Tom__________(fly)kiteswithhisclassmatesonthehillnow.30.Who____________(wash)clothesoverthere?It’smymother.31.______you_______(look)foraball?Yes.Iam.32.He_______always_______(try)outhisnewideas.33.Theworldpopulation__________(grow)fasterandfaster.34.What_______Lucy_________(wear)today?She_______(wear)adarkblueskirt.35.______you_______(make)acake?No.I__________(make)dumplings.36.It________(rain)hardnow.Ifit_________(notstop),we________(notgo)tothepark.37.Thechildren________(go)theparknextweek.They________(have)agoodtimethere.38.Hewithhisfather_________(play)footballtomorrow.39.Myfriend_________(come)toseemeintwodays.40.What______you_______(do)thisSunday?Nothingmuch.______we\n______(go)shopping?That’sagoodidea.When______we______(meet)?41.There__________(be)afootballmatchthedayaftertomorrow.42.Jim__________(have)aswimthisevening.Afterthat,he________(do)hishomework.43.ClassThree__________(nothave)anyclassesnextweek.44.I________(buy)askirtformydaughternextmonth.45._______you_______(start)yourhomework?Yes,butI_________(notfinish)ityet.46.What________you________(do)withthelibrarybook?I_____just_______(return)it.第29页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用47.Excuseme.I________(lose)mycat._____you______(see)itanywhere?48.IfI_______(lose)thebook,Imustpayforit.49.I_______(come)togetmypanback..______you_______(finish)usingit?Notyet.50._____youever_______(milk)acow?No,never.51.Howlong_____you______(be)atthisschool?Fortwoyears.52.He________(teach)inthisschoolfortenyears.I_________(live)heresincelastyear.53.Morethantwodays________(pass)sinceweleft.54._______you______(take)hertemperature?Yes,Ihave.I_______(have)acoldforaweek.55._______you_______(sleep)well?Yes,I______(sleep)wellallnight.56．I_______never________(hear)ofthatbefore.56.Chinese_________(speak)bythelargestpeopleintheworld.57.Thisbike_______(make)inShanghai.Bananas_________(grow)inthesouthofChina.58.Metal_________(use)formakingmachines.59.Sheep_________(keep)farmersforproducingwoolandmutton.60.Thewatch_________(buy)twoyearsago.It_________(buy)fortwoyears.61.Thebike_________(use)fortenyears.It________(break)downfortwomonths.62.______you______(wear)italot?Yes.It_______(wear)fortenyears.63.Theyoungtreemust__________(tie)tothestick.64.Treesshould__________(plant)inspring.65.Silk________(produce)inSuzhou.66.Someofthethings________(show)inthemuseumnow.67.ThePRC_________(found)onOctober1,1949.68.Thelostboy_______(find)yesterday.69.Thebook_________(write)inEnglishItcan__________(read)bymany\npeople.70.Oldpeopleshould___________(speak)topolitely.71.Theteachershould____________(listen)tocarefully.72.She_________(surprise)atthenewsjustnow.73.She__________(see)torunintotheroombymefiveminutesago.74.Theground_________(cover)withsnowinwinter.75.Fruitshould__________(harvest)attherighttime.76.Therearetwentymoretreesto___________(plant).77.He________(mistake)forJimbythemanyesterday.78.Greatchanges_________(happen)inthevillagesince1985.79.Thecheapestpen________(choose)byhimatlast.80.Thecarmust___________(drive)slowlybyoldmen.综合练习：1.Thegirl_____(draw)acoontheblackboardwithchalknow.2.When_____you______(lose)thebook?3.Howmanytimes______youruncle____(be)toDalian?Twice第30页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用4.Thegirlalways_______(prefer)Chinesetomaths.5.Thegirl_______(learn)tomilksincelastyear.6.–What`sthegirlcryingfor?---She______(cut)herfinger.7.Stop______.(guess).MrsHuhastoldmewhowonthehighjump.8.Thedogoften____(follow)theyoungmaneverywhere.9.Canyou_______(guess)itisn`this?0.Hurryup,oryou(catch)______thetrain.11.Rechard________(give)youacallassoonasyoucomesback.12.Thelittleboyhurthishead.He_____(need)anoperationatonce.13.Don`tworry.We_______(send)forthepolicemen.14.Myradio_______(break).Ican`tlistentoit.15.Robertlayquietlywhilethedoctors________(operate)onhim.16.Don`tworry.They_______(take)goodcareofyoursinifyougotosavethesoldiers.17.Mostpeople_______(hate)thebadweather.18.Thespy________(cover)theblankswhilethepolicemencamein.19.Don`tgotoseehim.He_________(change)hismind.20.Jim______(make)afewfriendssincehecametoChina.21.Don`tworry.Theforeignchildren_______(get)onwellonwellwiththeirclassmates.22.Who_______(wear)thesweateroutsidelastnight?23.Look.Youbrother________(fight)withJohn.24._______thedoor______?(lock)25.Glasses_________(make)ofglass.26.Silk_______(sell)insomeshopsinthetown..27.Thefactory_________(produce)\nmachines.28.DoyouknowtheFrenchman/Yes,I__________(know)himfortwoyears.29.Thefarmersoften_________(sell)theirvegetablesinthemarket.30.Howmanytelevisions___________(make)inthefactorylastweek?31.Athermosisusedfor_________(keep)thewaterhot.32.Canthemotorbike_________?(ride)33.Theoldwoman__________(lock)theboxwhenshegoesout.34.Don’tbeafraid.Thedogmust_________(tie)tothetree.35.Allthenewwords__________(notlook)upinthedictionaryyet.36.Howmanybabies__________(bear)intheworldeveryyear”37.Thewoman_______(have)ababythismorning.38.Theshoesinyoursize__________(sell)out.39.Jackfelloverwhilehe______(pass0thestickontothesecondrunner.40.Sorry,Ikeptyou________(wait)solong.41.Theboyisalwaysmade________(wash)hisfaceinthemorning.42.What_______(be)thepopulationintheworldbytheendofthiscentury?43.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe________(operate)on?44.Tomsaidhe______(be)ateacherwhenhegrewup.45.Hisjacket_______(wear)out.Hewantstobuyanewone.第31页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用46.Thewoman_______(seem)alwaysangry.47.Willyougotoseethefilm?Thanks,but_________(see)it?48.MissLi________(be)Washingtonforoneandahalfyears.49.Whenwillyoufinish______thebook?(write)50.I______(leave)mypeninthebedroom.Ihavetowritewithapencil.51.Stoptalking.Theheadmaster_________(come).52.Thebookcan________(keep)fortwoweeks.53.Aftersuppershewenton_________(do)herhomework.54.Itwasacoldnight.Anoldman_______(lie)underachairinthepark.55.Doctors_________(need)ineverypartoftheworld.56.She______(say)sheworksinanoffice.57.Hisfather________(die)fortwomonths.58.Bytheendofthismonth,Bill________(catch)upwithBruce.59.Why_______youalways______(follow)me?60.Thegirl_______(hurry)offjustnow.61.Howmuch________you_______(spend)onthenexttravel?62.MrBrown_______(come)intenminutes63.Allthechildren________(take)goodcareofintheschool.64.I________(go)withyouifyouagreewithme.65.What_______(happen)atthecornerofthestreetnow?66.Theyoungmanwasverylazy,sohe________(send)away.67.Thewoman________(nothear)fromherhusbandsincelastApril.68.Theboywassadbecausehisteam_______(beat\n).69.Twooftheplayers_____(hurt)whileplayingfootball.70.Pleasegoandseeafilmwithmewhenyou______(finish)71.Howsoon_____you______(go)againtoChengdu?72.Couldyoutellmewhat_______(grow)intheSouth?73.Hislittlesister______still_____(sleep)whenhe______(get)upyesterday.74.I`llpassthemessageontoLunyassoonasI________(see)hernextweek.75.Mum_______(have)supperatsixeveryevening.76.What______this_____(call)inEnglish?77.Doyoufeellike______(walk)tothecornerwithme?78.Eachofthepupils_______anhourtofinishthepaperyesterday.(give)79.Youruncle_____underthetree,isn`the?(lie)80.Heaskedmeifit_______(rain)thenextmorning.81.You`dbetter_______(go)toseeadoctor.82.We______(learn)overtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.83.Theteam______(choose)yesterdayafternoon.84.Hedoesn`tletus________(draw)onthewall.85.Ilike_______(read)inbed.86.It______(get)late,Imustgohome.87.Neitherofus_______(have)muchtime.88.Itgetstoohotfor_______(climb)89.Hismother______(be)anursefornearlytenyears.第32页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用90.Bequite!Thebaby______(sleep).91.Anewbridge_______(build)intheparklastyear.92.Lucy______(do)herhomework.You`dbetter_____(turn)offtheTVset.93.I_____(see)himyesterday.94.Hersister______(learn)todrawsinceshewasfour.95.Awoman_______(see)gointotheboy`sroom.96.I_______(call)youassoonasIgettoBeijing.97.Idon`tknowwhenshe______(return),butwhenshe_____(return).98.Ifthere______(be)nowater,there_____(be)nolivingthingsontheearth.99.I______(receive)aletteryesterday.It(write)bymybrother.He_______(stay)inHainan.He_____(be)therefornearlyayear.Inhisletter,he_____(say)he_____(return)toXuzhouthenextmonth.Ifhe_________(come)back,he______(leave).Andanewtheatre_____(build)nearourhome.It_____(finish)intwoweeks.100.MyfriendLi_______(get)awatch.He_______(have)itfortwoyears.It_____(make)inatown.He_______(buy)itinastreetmarketand______(wear)ittoschoolalmosteveryday.Buthe________(like)it.It_______(have)often______(break)down.Hewouldlikeabetterone.Nexttimehe______(buy)onefromashop.\n宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由下列词引导，1.由that引导（that在口语中可省略）Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.HewasafraidthathewouldforgethisChinese.2.接连接代词或连接副词引导.(what.who.which.whose/where,when,how……).Doyouknowwhattimethetrainleaves?Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?Iwantedtoknowwhereweshouldshowourtickets.3.whether或if引导Lilywantedtoknowifitwouldrainthenextday.SheaskediftheywouldgototheparkthisSunday.*在选择疑问句中，或与ornot连用时，必须用whether而不能用if。变宾语从句需要注意以下几点：a．时态变化：主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态主句是过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种主句是将来时，从句必须是一般现在时。B．人称变化：不常用如：Heaskedme.“Areyouateacher？”HeaskedmeifIwasateacher。C．语序变化：WhereisMike？Doyouknow？DoyouknowwhereMikeis？Practise：1．Hesaid.Theboyisacleverboy.2．Heissure.Histeamcanbeatthem第33页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3．Hewasafraid.Itwillbewindytomorrow.4．Hesaid.Thelostbookwasfounded.5．Hehopes….Hewillbeabletopasstheexam.6．Heasked…..Whenwillthebusarrive？7．Motheraskedherson….Whosepenareyouusing?8．Thechildrensaid…..weenjoyourselvesverymuch.9．Theboyaskedme…..Haveyouheardanynoisefromoutside?10.Doyouknow….Whichwaymustwetaketo?11.Idon’tknow…..Whyishelateforthemeeting?12.Doyouremember…Whendidhedie?13.Nobodyknows…Whenwillhecomeback?14.Doyouknow…Whataretheylookingfor?15.Heaskedme…Howlongdoesittaketowalktoschool?16.Fatheraskedme…Whatiswrongwithyou?17.Ididn’tknow…Heisgoingtohaveaboy.18.Theyneverasked…Willitbeaboyoragirl?19.Hedidn’tknow…populationisabig\nproblem.20.Ithought…Hewillcomebacksoon.21.Heaskedme…WhichTVprogrammewillyouwatch?22.Idon’tknow…Willitgrowfast?23.Lilyasked…Canthemanhelpthem24.MotheraskedDotheyhaveacheaperone?25.SheaskedLucy…Doyouneedsomemoretea?26.Theteacheraskedus…Doyouhaveanyquestions?27.Heasked…WhatdidLucysay?28.Shedidn’tknow…Whowasintheroom?29.Theywantedknow…Whatisinthestockings?30.Heasked…Whatishispresent?31.Heasked…DidJimhaveagoodjourneyhome?32.Hewantedtoknow…WasitwarminMoscow?33.Heasked…WhereisJack?34.Hewantedtoknow…Whathashappened?35.Heasked…Isanybodyhurt?时间状语从句：常用下列词语when、after、before、assoonas、(not)until、since关于主、从句的时态关系与宾语从句一致1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.2.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.3.Iwillfinishthecookingbeforemymothercomesback.4.Ididn`tgotobeduntilmymotherreturnedhome条件状语从句：1.Wewon`tgototheparkifitrainstomorrow.2.Ifyouhavelostthebook,youmustpayforit.原因状语从句：常用下列词语because,for,as,so1.IamlatebecauseImissedthetrain.2.Hewaslazysohedidn`tpasstheexam.第34页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用综合练习：用适当的词填空1.Youcannotgototheclassroom_____theyarehavingalesson.2.______theyarrivedatthetheatre,theplayhadalreadybegun.3.TomspeaksEnglish____well____anEnglishman.4._______Iwaswalkinginthepark,ImetTom5._______Ihaddonemyhomework,Iwenthome.6.______shegothome,shebegantowashherclothes.7.Tom`smotherhadbeenateacher_____shewastwenty.8.Iwaited______hehadfinishedhiswork.9.Youwillstudy_______youstudyhard.10.______hehastime,hewillcomeandseeusinChangchun.11.Idon`tlikewinterthere____itisverycold.\n【中考冲刺英语课题专练】（共19讲）【第1讲：名词】名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes都是名词。Itiseasy,right?但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,followme。First,名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：a.class,box,watch,brush等词以s,x,ch,sh,结尾，复数要加-es；b.story,factory等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y变成-i再加-es；c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es；d.以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o"的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato,hero,potato，当然其中的piano和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。e.child（children）,foot（feet）,tooth（teeth）,mouse（mice）,man（men）,woman（women）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；f.deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people，police，cattle等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。theEnglish，theFrench，theChinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnitedStates(美国），theUnitedNations（联合国）等应视为单数。别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。a.man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers，womenteachers。b.数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：aten-milewalk十里路，two-hundredtrees两百棵树。哇！这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。第35页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用这里面好，名词部分我们已经学完，It’sapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，Areyouready?练习：1.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere.A.women„girlsB.women„girlC.woman„girlsD.woman„girl2.MrBlackisafriendof\n_________.A.Jack’saunt’sB.Jack’sauntC.Jackaunt’sD.aunt’sofJack3.Thistoywasmadebya____boy.A.ten-year-oldB.ten-years-oldC.ten-year-olderD.ten-years-older4.Thefarmerraisedten_________.A.sheepsB.deersC.horseD.cows5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas_________.A.hergrandmotherB.hergrandmother’sC.hergrandmothers’D.thatofhergrandmother6.Wehavemovedintoa________.A.two-storeyhouseB.houseoftwostoreyC.two-storeyshouseD.twostoreyshouse7.The______wastoomuchforthechildtocarry.A.box’ssteelB.boxofasteelC.steelboxD.boxofthesteel8.We’llgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor_________.A.theTeacher’sDayB.Teacher’sDayC.aTeacher’sDayD.Teachers’Day9.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.A.heB.himC.hisD.her10._________arebigandbright.A.TheclassroomwindowB.ThewindowoftheclassroomC.ThewindowsoftheclassroomD.Theclassroom’swindows实战：1.Don’tworry.Yoursonwillcomebackin______hour.A.aB.anC.theD./2.Thisniceblouseisn’tmine.It’s______.A.youB.yourC.LucyD.yours3.What’s"potato"inChinese?－It’s_____.A.香蕉B.大白菜C.西红柿D.土豆4.Theninthmonthofayearis_______.A.DecemberB.NovemberC.SeptemberD.October5.A:MustIleavenow?B:No,you_______.第36页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.needn’tB.mustntC.don’tD.won’t6.Wehaveahistorylesson______Wednesdayafternoon.A.onB.ofC.atD.to7.Suanhasmadequite______friendssinceshecametoChina.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle8.A:Haveyouever______totheWestLake?B:Yes,I______therelastwinter.A.gone,wentB.been,wentC.gone,havebeenD.been,\nhave9.Doyou________English?A.tellB.sayC.talkD.speak10.A:MayI_______yourruler?B:OK,I’mgladto_______ittoyou.A.lend,borrowB.lend,lendC.borrow,lendD.borrow,borrow11.We’llgotothemuseumifit_______tomorrow.A.can’trainB.won’trainC.don’trainD.doesn’trian12.Doyouknow________?A.wheredoeshestudyB.hestudieswhereC.wherehestudiesD.hewherestudies13.A:_______doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?B:OnceamonthA.HowoftenB.HowlongC.howmuchD.howmany14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?B:______I’mfull.A.No,thanksB.Yes,please.C.Hereitis.D.Idon’tlike.15.Youmustbetired.Whynot________arest?A.tostoptohaveB.stophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostophaving【第2讲：代词】我们刚刚讲完了名词，现在再来看看名词的brother—代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。但也别小看代词呀！它还有很多的“小个性”呢！只要抓住它的几个“小脾气”，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。代词中第一个”小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：myfather；而mine则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mineisgreen.It’smine.记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词（yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班－self(selves)—反身代词，也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做同位语。如：Marryherselfsaidso.玛丽她自己这么说的。（不能说Herselfsaidso.）下面我给你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。Of+名词性物主代词：of+物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a（an,this,that）+名词+of+名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,every,such,another等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如：afriendofmine（我的一个朋友），eachbrotherofhis（他的每一个兄弟）.第37页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用some,\nany的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。注意：在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。every和each的用法：every强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个)，可单独使用.。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。）Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..（每个学生都可有一本书。）both,either,neither的用法：both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他们两人都是伦敦人。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neitheriscorrect。两个都不对。Few，afew和little，alittle的用法：Few，afew用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，alittle用来代替和修饰不可数名词;afew和alittle着重肯定意思，相当于汉语“有几个”，“有一点儿”；few和little着重否定意思，相当于汉语“没有几个”，“没有多少”OK，代词部分我们已经学完，It’sapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，Areyouready?练习：1.Wehadplentyofpaperbut______ink.A.afewB.fewC.notmanyD.notmuch2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned______before.A.oneB.itC.themD.that3.We’reverybusybecausewe’veso______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.A.much...manyB.many...muchC.many...alotD.alot...much4.Ithought______ofthematterbutstillcouldn’tfindoutthereason.A.everyB.bothC.nothingD.everything5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas________.A.himB.he’sC.heD.his6.LilyandLucyhavearrived，but_______studentsaren’thereyet.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers7.Therearehighbuildingson______sideofthestreet.A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either8.－Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?－______eggsand______milk.ALittle...afewB.Alittle...alittleC.Afew...alittleD.Afew...afew9.______isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.Everything10.Isthisstorythesameas______inthat\nbook?A.theoneB.whatC.thatD.it第38页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用实战：1.Thereis_________oldwomaninthecar.A.不填B.theC.aD.an2.Weoftengotothepark_______Sundays.A.onB.inC.atD.from3.Mybook________onthedesk.A.isB.amC.areD.be4.Whichlanguageis________,English,FrenchorChinese?A.difficultB.thedifficultC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult5.－________bookisthis?－It’sKate’s.A.whenB.WhyC.WhereD.whose6.－CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?－No,I_____.A.maynotB.mustn’tC.can’tD.needn’t7.I________myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight.A.doB.wasdoingC.amdoingD.havedone8.Hebeganto________Englishthreeyearsago.A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.learning9.Jimisadriver,_______he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.isD.isn’t10."What’swrong_________you?"thedoctorasked.A.fromB.withC.forD.at11.Heisrich,________heisn’thappy.A.orB.soC.andD.but12.－WhereisAlice?－She__________tothelibrary.A.goesB.willgoC.hasgoneD.hadgone13."Help_________tosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.himself14.We’llstayathomeifit________tomorrow.A.rainB.rainsC.israiningD.willrain15.Thestudents_________onafarmfortendays.Thenthey_________toafactory.Thoughthey_______backschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers.A.havestayed,went,wasB.hadstayed,go,areC.havestayed,go,havebeenD.havestayed,went,were\n【第3讲：形容词】Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersarebeautiful.多么美的季节啊！我们要去郊游,去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀？不是放错了位置，搞错了级别，就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了，形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗？接着往下看。第39页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮，为什么wrong放在something的后面呢？原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的，但当形容词所修饰的词为something，anything，nothing，everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时，形容词要后置。形容词级别问题：a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍数的句子用„times+形容词比较级+than„这样的格式。你记住了吗？b.I’mthreeyearsolderthanyou.（我比你大三岁。）表示"大三岁，""高二厘米"等时用"表示数量词的词+比较级"。c."越来越„„"用"比较级+and+比较级"来表示。如：Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer。（地球变得越来越暖和。）d."越„„就越„„"用"the+比较级„，the+比较级„"来表示。如：Thebusierheis，thehappierhefeels。(他越忙，越觉得高兴。)最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的：alone和lonely：Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你独自一人在家用"alone"表示"单独的"、"独自一人的"，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞，用"lonely"，表示主观上感到"孤独""寂寞"，指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪，可作定语和表语。older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older"，表示"年纪大的，年老的"，常用做表语；他是我的长兄用"elder"，表示"年老的，年长的"，用做定语，只用于比较两个人的长幼，只能作表语。接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，你准备好了吗？练习：1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo2.Whichisthe_______country,Japanor\nAustralia?A.moredevelopedB.moredevelopingC.mostdevelopedD.mostdeveloping3.－HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?－Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe___daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast4.Thebooksarenot________tobepublished.A.enoughinterstingB.interestingenoughC.sointerestingD.toointeresting5.What’syour_______sports?A.themostfavoriteB.mostfavoriteC.favoriteD.thefavorite6.There’s________withtherecorderA.anythingwrongB.wronganythingC.somethingwrongD.wrongsomething7.Hissisteris_______thanhe.A.youngerfiveyearsB.fiveyearsyoungerC.fiveyearyoungeD.fiveyoungeryears8.－WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.－Yes,_____,________.第40页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.more,betterB.themore,thebetteC.much,betterD.theoften,thebetter9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels________.A.aloneB.lonelyC.loneD.alonely10.Ithinkbananasare________ofallthefruits.A.deliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.themostdelicious实战：1.－What’sthisinEnglish?－It’s______apple.A.aB.anC.theD.不填2.Iwasborn________February18,1981.A.onB.inC.atD.of3.Thereisn’t______waterintheglass.A.someB.lotsC.manyD.any4.－"________doyouwatchTV?"－"Twiceaweek."A.HowlongB.HowfarC.HowoftenD.Howmany5.Ihavetwopencils,oneislong,_______isshort.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others6.Theyarepoor,_______theyarealwayshappy.A.andB.butC.orD.so7._______beautifultheflowersare!A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.What\na8.－"Doyou________English?"－"Onlyalittle."A.tellB.speakC.sayD.talk9.Thereareabout_________studentsinourgrade.A.twohundredsandtwenty-fiveB.twohundredsandtwentyfiveC.twohundredandtwenty-fiveD.twohundredtwenty-five10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim________.A.MrRobertB.MrThomasC.MrThomasBrownD.MrBrown11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare_________?A.myB.mineC.ID.me12.Shewillwritetomesasoomasshe_______inParis.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivingDarrives13.－"It’safineday,______?"－"Yes,let’sgooutforawalk."A.isitB.itisC.isn’titD.itisn’t14.Couldyoutellus________?A.whenwillthemeetingstartB.whenthemeetingwillstartC.themeetingwillstartwhenD.thenmeetingwhenwillstart15.－"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?"－"Sorry,______."A.Ican’tB.Iwon’tC.IcanD.Idon’t第41页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用【第4讲：副词】学完了形容词，副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词，如形容词quick加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly,lovely虽然以ly结尾，但实则是形容词，Sheisfriendlytome(她对我很友好。)可千万不要误认为是副词哟！副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词，这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。already和yet：WhereisTom?Hehasn’tcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.这句话中又是already，又有yet，是怎么回事吗？原来already和yet意思虽然相同，但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用already，一般放于句中，用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句，变为否定句时，要将already变为yet，且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生，位于句尾，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。还迷糊吗？再迷糊，只好再看一看上面的例句喽。hard和hardly：hard，hardly两者虽然只有-ly之差，意义却大不相同。hard表示"辛苦，使劲，努力，"如：Heworksveryhard.(他学习非常努力。)而hardly为否定副词，表示"几乎不"。如：Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardly\ncarryit.（这箱子是那么沉，他几乎搬不动。）ago和before：ago不能单独使用，应与threedays(months,weeks)等连用,而且和动词的过去时连用。如：Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之前有"一段时间"时，指"距这段时间以前"，和过去完成时连用。如：Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.（他说他两天前已完成了工作。）如果before单独使用，是泛指"以前"，常常和完成时连用。如：Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.（我以前没看过这部电影。）farther和further:far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。如：Herunsfartherthanshedoes.（他比她跑得远。）在美语中，farther表示距离，further表示进一步。如：Ihavenothingfurthertosay.（我没什么要说的了。）至于副词的比较级和最高级问题，参照形容词的就OK了。试试趁热打铁如何？练习：1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosend______school,sohewasn’tastudentanylonger.A.awayhimfromB.himawayfromtheC.awayhimoutofD.himawayfrom2._______,hedidn’tfailintheEnglishexam.A.LuckB.LuckyC.LuckilyD.Luckly3.－Areyoufeeling____?－Yes，I’mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,_________.A.thelesswelikeditB.welikeitlessC.betterwelikeitD.itlookedbetter5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced，thefactoryproduced___shoesin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas6.OurEnglishneedstobe______improved.第42页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD.far7.Whatapity!Lucyran_______moreslowlythanLily.A.afewB.muchC.alittleD.little8.Heisrunning_______now.A.moreslowlyandmoreslowlyB.slowlierandslowlierC.moreandmoreslowlyD.slowlyandslowly9.Lastnightmyfatherwentback_________laterthanbefore.A.quiteB.veryC.evenD.much\nmore10.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany_______.A.farB.fartherC.furtherD.farthest实战：1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallI______theshopkeeperifIcantryiton?A.askB.answerC.speakD.tell2.Tickets,please.MayI______yourticketplease,madam?A.showB.watchC.findD.see3.It’snotgoodto______whenyouarewaitingforabus.A.standinlineB.getonwellC.jumpthequeueD.waitforyourturn4.It’shardtocountthemonkeys,they’rerunningandjumping__________.A.attimesB.allthetimeC.moreorlessD.rightaway5.I’msorry,we’ve_______theshoesinyoursize.A.paidforB.putonC.soldoutD.putaway6.Weihua’spenwas________,sosheneededanewone.A.brokenB.longC.cheapD.here7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshop_______home.A.ofthewayB.bythewayC.anotherwayofD.onyourway8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery________.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!A.kindB.lonelyC.strictD.polite9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller_____.A.spaceB.placeC.roomD.universe10.Ilikethesweater,butit________toomuch.A.usesB.takesC.costsD.spends11.FatherChristmaslandsontopof_______houseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.A.eachB.allC.eitherD.both12.Theiceisverythin.It’s_______dangerous_____walkonit.A.so,thatB.as,asC.from,toD.too,to13.Onedayhismotherwasill.She______adoctor.A.sentforB.sentawayC.sentupD.fellbehind14.He_______theradioandlistenedtothemusic.A.openedB.turnedonC.turnedoffD.closed15.Thedoctor_______MrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"There’snothingmuchwrongwithyou."A.watchedB.operatedC.lookedoverD.lookedafter第43页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理\n欢迎使用【第5讲：动词】我们步步深入,开始接触到整个句子的heart--动词了。掌握了动词，你学起英语来就会感到驾轻就熟了。告诉你，一定要记牢动词的现在分词，过去式，过去分词，如果在这些小地方丢分，那才讨厌呢。比如：catch的过去式和过去分词(caught，caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下决心，好好记一记吧。下面呢，我们就各个击破。先讲系动词。系动词：大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外，还有become，get，grow，turn，sound，look，smell，taste等，它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,所以用的时候，可要小心为是呀！如：Itsmellsdelicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious是形容词，不是副词。情态动词：首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题，这里我们重点讲一下。must的意思是"应当，必须"，侧重于说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化，其否定式是mustn’t，在"MustI(we)...."的疑问句中，须注意的是其否定回答常用needn’t。如：MustIgo?(我一定要走吗?)No,youneedn’t.(不，不必。)need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词，因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时，need后跟名词，动名词，或不定式。如：Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情态动词时，后跟动词原形。如：Youneedn’tcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙，明天就不必来了。)实意动词：实意动词可谓家族兴旺，人员众多。我们跑(run)，我们跳(jump)，我们笑(laugh)，这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。stop：这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋，到底什么时候加todo，什么时候加doing呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面两个句子。Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.第一句的意思是"当老师进来时，他们停下来开始读书"。而第二句的意思是"老师进来时，他们停止了说话"。所以stoptodosth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stopdoing表示"中断正在做的某事"。现在明白了吗?forget，remember，regret这三个词用法基本相同，只要记住+doing表示"事情已经做过"，+todo表示"事情还未做"就可以了。forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)如：Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)感官动词：see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示动作的完整性，真实性+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性。如：Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，好学的你准备好了吗?练习：1.WangLin_______somehelp.Canyouhelp\nhim?A.needsB.wantC.needtoD.ask2.Allofusenjoy_______footballverymuch.A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay3.----Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.第44页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff4.Iregret___thewindow.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingbroken5.Hisgrandparentssawher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow6.---What’sthisinEnglish?---Sorry,Ican’t_____itinEnglish.A.tellB.sayC.speakD.talk7.---_____Ifinishmyhomworktoday?---No,youneedn’t.A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Need8.InSpring,thedays______longerandlonger,thetrees_______green.A.get,turnB.gets,turnsC.got,turnedD.havegot,haveturned9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,you________stop.A.canB.mustC.won’tD.needn’t10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,I________tomydeskmate.A.stoppedtotalkB.stoppedtalkingC.stoptotalkD.stoptalking实战：1.---Whosecalculatorisit?---It’s______.A.she’sB.hersC.herD.she2._______December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip.A.onB.inC.atD.for3.TheScienceMuseumislocated________thecentreofthetown.A.withB.nearC.besideD.in4.Doyouthinkmathsis________importantthanEnglish?A.veryB.asC.moreD.quite5.Thecaptainhasa_______daughter.A.five-years-oldB.fiveyearsoldC.fiveyearoldD.five-year-old6.Twofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwas______ours.A.sotallasB.sotallerasC.astallasD.astalleras8.Who’s______womanoverthere?A./B.theC.aD.\nan9.A:_______havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears.A.HowmanytimesB.HowC.WhattimeD.Howlong10._______thatpairofnew________expensive?A.Is,shoeB.Are,shoeC.Is,shoesD.Are,shoes11.Dickjumpedintoalargehole________hesawthebear.A.whileB.assoonasC.untilD.if12._______coldweatheritisattheSouthPole!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Whata第45页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用13.Idon’tknow________lastnight.A.whytheydidn’tgotothemoviesB.whentheydidn’tgotothemoviesC.whydidn’ttheygotothemoviesD.whendidn’ttheygotothemovies14.Therearen’tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_______ifyouwantto.A.fewB.afewC.alittleD.little15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked________.A.happyB.sadlyC.upsetD.lovely【第6讲：不定式】不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密，本不该拆开来讲，可是篇幅有限，只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单，告诉我是什么？对！是to+动词原形。当然啦，to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢?Listentomecarefully.不定式省to有四种情况：使役动词let,have,make等后接不定式。如：Lethimgo!让他走!wouldrather，hadbetter后。如：Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。Why.../whynot...后。如：WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省to。如：Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to哟！如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.变成被动句：Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.不定式的特殊用法：It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我发现很难入睡。还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：Idon’tknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?too...to...和enough...to：too...to表达"太...\n一致于不能..."。enough...to表达"足以..."。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。Theboxistooheavyformetolift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说，他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三，应用自如。你记住了吗？好吧，再试一把趁热打铁！练习：1.Tellhim___thewindow.A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning第46页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3.You’dbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?A.topickthemupB.topickupthemC.pickitupD.pickupit7.Sheisveryill,let’s_______adoctoratonce.A.towakeupB.sendforC.topayforD.payfor8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.A.tobeB.toC.beD.being9.It’scoldhere.You’dbetter______yourcoat.A.nottakeoutB.nottotakedownC.nottakeoffD.nottotakeaway10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.A.drinkingB.drankC.todrinkD.drink实战：1.You’dbetter_______readinthesun.A.nottoB.notC.don’tD.to2.Youaren’tanewdriver,areyou?_______.A.No,IamB.Yes,I’mnotC.No,youareD.Yes,Iam3.MustIstayherenow?_________.A.No,youmustn’tB.No,youneedn’tC.Yes,youcanD.Yes,youmay4.Thereis_______"s"intheword"bus".A.aB.anC.theD.\n/5.Neithereofus______adoctor.A.isB.isn’tC.areD.aren’t6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls’_________race?A.400metreB.400-metreC.400metresD.400-metres7.It’stoonoisyhere,Ican’t_______.A.gotosleepB.falltosleepC.sleepingD.gettosleep8.Thestoryhappened________theeveningofOctober20,1995.A.atB.onC.inD.to9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?________.Hehasgonetothehospital.A.IthinksoB.Certainly,youcanC.I’mafraidnotD.I’mnotsure10.I’msorrytotroubleyou,MissHu.________.A.Fine,thankyou.B.Allright.C.It’sverykindofyou.D.Itdoesn’tmatter.11.Canyoutellmewhere________?A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeisC.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes12.InEngland,thefirstnameis_______name,butinChina,thefirstnameis______name.第47页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.family,givenB.given,familyC.family,familyD.given,given13.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.A.heB.himC.hisD.her14.Kateis________girl.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aeighteen-years-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aneighteen-year-old15.Ourcityisgetting________.A.beautifulandbeautifulB.beautifulerandbeautifulerC.moreandmorebeautifulD.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler【第7讲介词】别看介词是一种虚词，它在句中的作用却非常重要。它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，不能单独使用。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如：onone’swayhome,help...with,sendfor,beinterestedin...,belatefor,beangrywith,begoodat等。当然这需要你好好记忆了。常用介词解析及用法比较：at,on和in：这三个介词在试卷中的出现频率极高。对于它们的的分辨只要记住一句话就可以了。at表示点，on表示线，in表示面。什么意思呢？也就是说它们表达的范围逐渐增大。atsixo’clock,atnoon,attheageofsixteen等用at表示时刻或时间的点以及年龄。on具体到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上：onSaturday，onJuly1st，onmybirthday，onthemorningofJuly16th，onaspring\nafternoon。in表达的范围更大一些。与世纪、年代、季节、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等连用。如：intheseventhcentury，in1950’s,in2000,inthemorning等。for,since：for表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在，常与完成时连用。牢牢记住哟。after,in：这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是：after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。by，with，in：by表示"以...的方式，方法，手段"和"乘某种交通工具"；with指"借助于具体的手段或工具"；in表示"以......方式，用语言，文字等媒介"。for和of：试比较：It’simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno’clock.It’skindofyoutohelpme.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。好，又到了趁热打铁的时间了，来检测一下你的学习成效如何？练习：1.Canyoutellthestory______Russian?A.withB.inC.onD.by2.Herearesomebirthdaycards______ourteachers,______ourbestwishes.A.of,withB.for,withC.of,inD.for,in3.Thevisitors_______Japanarrived_____BeijingstationlastTuesdaymorning.A.from,atB.of,toC.from,toD.of,on4.He’sbadlyhurt,wemustsend_____adoctoratonce.A.toB.upC.onD.for第48页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用5.Doyouusuallycometoschool______footor_____-bike?A.by...byB.on...onC.on...byD.by...on6.--whenwasJimborn?--______July,18,1978.A.onB.atC.inD.to7.WeiFangboughtanewpenatashop_____herwayhome.A.onB.atC.inD.to8.Don’ttellanybodyaboutit.Keepitasecret_______youandme.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.with9.Theteacherwillbeback______anhour.A.inB.afterC.ofD.at10.--HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?--I’vebeenhere_____1989.A.inB.sinceC.onD.for\n实战：1.______maninbrownis_____friendofmyfathere’s.A.The..theB.The...aC.A...aD.A...the2.Hereisaletter______you.It’s______youraunt.A.to...forB.for...toC.from...toD.for...from3.Thetwinsare____interestedinChinesefood.A.allB.bothC.neitherD.each4.Itis______hotinNanjinginsummer.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.muchmoreD.somuch5.That’stoodear.Haveyougot_______?A.cheapersomethingB.everythingcheaperC.cheaperanything6.--CanIgoouttoplayfootballnow?--No,you_______.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.A.won’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.don’t7.Theboydidn’tgotobed_______hewasaskedto.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.assoonas8.LessonTwois______thanLessonOne.A.muchdifficultB.muchmoredifficultC.themostdifficult9.You’dbetter_______hereanylonger.A.don’tstayB.nottostayC.tonotstayD.notstay10.It_______himhalfanhourtorideabiketogethere.A.spentB.usedC.tookD.paid11.MrsReaddoesn’tknow______forherdaughter.A.whatwillshebuyB.whichwillshebuyC.tobuywhat12.Thesechildernhaveneverseensnow,_______they?A.doB.don’tC.haven’tD.have13.Why_______shoppingatonce?A.don’tgoB.notgotoC.didin’tgoD.notgo14.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.第49页共82页D.anythingcheaperD.littledifficultD.whatshewillbuy嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.isbeingknownB.wasknownC.hasknownD.isknown15.Myfriendhasworkedinthathospital_________.A.sinceitopenedB.foritopenedC.sinceitopensD.sinceitisopen【第8讲：连词】好了，现在我们在攻克词类的最后一个堡垒——连词。连词更好对付了，我们只讲几个常考的词组就可以了。连词常考到的有以下几个词组：both...and：表示"两者都...".注意：当both...and连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如：BothLilyandLucyareright.notonly...butalso:"不仅...而且..."。注意：后面动词采用就近原则,与butalso后的词保持一致。如：Notonlymyparentsbutalsomybrotherlikesthe\ncat.either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：EitheryouorIamwrong.neither...nor："既不...也不..."是"either...or"的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。如：Neitheryounorheisright.or的用法：意思为"否则"。如：Imustworkhard,orI’llfailintheexam.(我必须好好学习，否则我会考不及格了。)Soeasy,notdifficultatall!OK!Let’scometoour趁热打铁。练习：1._________John_______Iarepolicemen.A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Notonly...butalso2.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.A.very...thatB.quite...butC.so...asD.so...that3.Hedidn’tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.A.tillB.beforeC.afterD.until4.Ididn’tbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.before5.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.A.orB.andC.butD.down6.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.A.untilB.andC.soD.or7.I’llreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.A.asB.soC.justD.but8.Goalongtheroad,_______you’llfindthemarketattheendofit.A.whenB.andC.orD.though9.You’llbelate______youdon’tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until10.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.A.orB.andC.soD.but实践：1.MrLinoftencomestotheparktodomorningexercieseatthistimeof______day.A.theB.aC.不填D.an2.Thisis_______business,notmine.A.MrYangandMrZhang’sB.MrYangandMrZhang第50页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用C.MrYang’sandMrZhangD.MrYang’sandMrZhang’s3.Ihavegot______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.averygoodB.anyC.apieceofD.twopieces4.She_______athickcoattoday,thoughitisn’tverycold.A.iswearingB.putonC.dressedD.is\ndressing5.Thatwomanisverytired,soshe________.A.stoppedtoworkB.stoppedhavingagoodrestC.stoppedtohavearestD.stoppedtoworking6.--Hello,whoareyou________?--Mymother.A.waitingB.waitingforC.findingD.looking7.MyunclewenttoMoscowtodosomebusinessthreemonths______?A.beforeB.laterC.agoD.after8.Edisonwasclevererthan_______studentsinhisclass,buthisteacherdidin’tknowthis.A.alltheB.otherC.anotherD.theothers9.Idon’tknowwhereJackisnow.________-inthecinema.A.MaybeheB.MaybeheC.HemightbeD.Hemaybe10.Itwas______dark_____wecouldn’tseeanythingclearly.A.very,thatB.too,toC.so,asD.so,that11.Therearetwodictionariesonhisdesk,but______ofthemisusefultome.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.either12._______Isawhimdrivingacaracrossthestreet.A.RightnowB.JustamomentC.RightawayD.Justnow13.Shewillbebackbyairfromshanghai________.A.inaweekB.afteraweekC.aweeklaterD.untilaweek14.Youmaypayattentiontoyourwriting______nobodycanunderstandwhatyouwanttowrite.A.butB.andC.orD.that15.Thetestis______easierand_____interestingthanthatone.A.more,muchB.much,moreC.more,moreD.much,much【第9讲：时态一】提起时态，当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式，表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想，初中我们学过的时态有几个?初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes,everyday连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We’restudyingnow.我们现在正在学习。一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：Weoftenwenttodancelastsummer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的lastsummer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如atthat第51页共82\n页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用time，atsixyesterday，atthatmoment，whenhecamein等连用。如：Whenheknockedatthedoor,hismotherwascooking.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如nextyear,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Willyou....?问句中，回答必须是Yes,Iwill.或No,Iwon’t而不能用Yes,Ishall.No,Ishan’t.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：TheytoldmethattheywouldgotoworkinGuangdong.现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet等副词修饰。如：HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用"过"来表示，常带有twice,once,ever,never等时间状语。如：I’veneverseenthatfilm.过去完成时：我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when,before,after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。八个时态可能得让你好好对付一阵子，但细细学来，也并不困难。不信吗?试试趁热打铁你就知道了。练习：1.Thezoo_______inthenorthofthecity.A.liesB.buildsC.seemsD.lying2.--Tom______out.--Oh,ishe?Whattime_______he______out?A.is,did,goB.went,is,goingC.hasgone,did,goD.isgoing,does,go3.--Itmustbeonchannel2.Trythat.--I______that.ButIstillcan’tgetanything.A.havetriedB.triedC.tryD.willdo4.Theyusually________TVintheevening.A.watchB.willwatchC.arewatchingD.watches5.Hehas_______forabouttwelveyears.A.boughtthehouseB.lefthereC.livedhereD.gonehere6.Thetwooldman________eachothersince1970.A.didn’tseenB.don’tseeC.haven’tseeD.won’tsee7.LucyandLilycanspeakgoodChinese,becausethey______Chinaforsixyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havecometoD.havegoneto8.--Ourcountry______alotsofar.--Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven\n________.A.haschanged,wellB.changed,goodC.haschanged,betterD.changed,better9.--IsawAnn_______agreendressatthemeeting.--Ithinkshelooksbetter_______red.A.dressed,inB.puton,wearC.wearing,inD.wear,puton10.--Ididn’tcometoschoolbecausemymotherwasillyesterday.--Iamsorry______that.A.hearingB.hearC.hearsD.tohear第52页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用实践：1.Therewillbe______interestingfilmtomorrowevening.A.aB.anC.theD.some2.--What’sthatoverthere?--It’s______bag.A.IB.meC.myD.mine3.ThestudentsofClassOne______ontheplayground.A.amplayingB.isplayingC.areplayingD.wasplaying4.You’dbetter_______latenexttime!A.notbeB.nottobeC.won’tbeD.don’tbe5.Healwaysgetsupearly,_______he?A.isB.isn’theC.doesD.doesn’t6.______tallthebuildingis!A.HowaB.HowC.WhatD.Whata7.LessonSevenis________oneinthisbook.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportant8.Iwillcallyouassoonasshe________back.A.comesB.comeC.cameD.willcome9.Heputonhiscoat______wentout.A.andB.butC.orD.so10.--______Igettherebeforesixo’clock?--No,youneedn’t.A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Shall11.Theirbabywasborn______April2,1997.A.inB.onC.atD.by12.Herfatherisbusy_______thetruck.A.mendB.mendsC.mendedD.mending13.We________thefloorwhensheleft.A.sweepB.sweptC.weresweepingD.aresweeping14.Hewants________someapplesand\noranges.A.tobuyB.buysC.boughtD.buy15.Doyouunderstand______?A.whatdidhesayB.hesaidwhatC.whatdoeshesayD.whathesaid【第10讲：时态(二)】时态的运用比较复杂，好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好，对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析，你会发现一切"aseasyasABC"。一般过去式和现在完成时：一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：lastnight,in1999,threedaysago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结第53页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。如：Wehaveseenthatfilm.我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。Wesawthefilmlastnight.昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。注意：有些时间状语，如thismorning,tonight,thismonth等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在IreadthisbookthisApril.(说话时四月份已过。)一般过去式和过去完成时的比较：一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。如：Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforenineo’clock.九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如：Whenhegothome,hisdaughterhadalreadygonetobed.当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadfinishedhishomework.他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说：Hecalledonmesoonafterhefinishedhishomework.哇塞，我们终于学完了所有时态，摩拳擦掌，试试趁热打铁！练习：1.ZhaoLan____already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was...studyingB.will...studyC.has...studiedD.arestudying2.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.A.watchB.willwatchC.arewatchingD.watches\n3.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill______togothere.A.wentto,wantedB.goesto,wantsC.hasgone,wantsD.hasbeento,wants4.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_______moreabouthim.A.knowsB.knowC.willknowD.isgoingtoknow5.--WhatareyougoingtogiveourteacherforTeacher’sDay?--I’mnotsure.MaybeI_____himsomeflowers.A.havegivenB.willgiveC.gaveD.give6.--Tom______out.--Oh,ishe?Whattime_____he_____out?A.is,did,goB.went,is,goingC.hasgone,did,goD.isgoing,does,go7.It’snineo’clocknow,they______anEnglishclass.A.haveB.arehavingC.havingD.willhave8.--"WhereisLiLei?"--"He_______hissportsshoesintheroom.He______footballwithhisfriends."A.isputtingon,isplayingB.putson,willplayC.isputtingon,willplayD.puton,played第54页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用9.MissSmithwithherparents______Chinasince_________.A.havebeenin,twoyearsagoB.hasgoneto,twoyearsC.havebeento,twoyearsD.hasbeenin,twoyearsago10.WhenIknockedatthedoor,mymother_______.A.iscookingB.cookedC.wascookingD.cooks实践：1.Jack’sfatheris______doctor.A.aB.anC.someD./2.Heoftendoessomewashing______Sunday.A.atB.inC.onD.by3.Thisroomisours,andthatoneis________.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs4.Tomis_______boyinhisclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest5."CanyoucomeherenextFriday?""Sorry,I_______."A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot6.Didyou______thefootballmatchlastnight?A.seeB.watchC.lookD.read7.There________manyhighbuildingsinthis\ncity.A.isB.areC.haveD.has8.Johnhastwobrothers.Oneisanartist,________isascientist.A.theothersB.anotherC.theotherD.others9.Themanaskedthepoliceman_______.A.lethimetogoB.tolethimtogoC.lethimgoD.tolethimgo10.Please_______page54andreadlessonTwelve.A.turntoB.turnintoC.turninD.turnon11.Hedidnotgohome______hefinishedthework.A.ofB.becauseC.untilD.since12.Theoldmanwas_______tiredthatshecouldn’twalkon.A.soB.tooC.veryD.quite13.Wearebusy________ourlessonsthesedays.A.prepareB.preparingC.toprepareD.prepared14.I’llgowithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was15.Doyouknow________?A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.hewherelivesD.heliveswhere【第11讲：动词语态】和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执第55页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。适合被动语态的情况：不知道动作由谁发出，或由于某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。如：Thistableismadeofwood.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，如：Thisparkwasbuiltforchildren.注意：主动句中的主语如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们"，没有确指执行者是谁，为被动句时，通常省略"by+执行者"。如：Thedoorwasopenedsecretly.Butnobodycamein.注意：在主动句里,不定式在make，see，hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需带to。如：Hewasmadetodothatwork.主动语态不能变被动语态的情况：学了被动语态，别以为主动句和被动句可以随意转换，千万要注意呀！有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。当宾语是反身代词时,如：Youshouldtakecareofyourself.当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时，如：Doestheskirtsuit\nyou?练习：1.Thestars_______inthedaytime.A.can’tseeB.can’tbeseenC.can’tbeenseeD.see2.Apresent_______tomebyMothernextweek.A.willgiveB.isgivenC.willbegiveD.willbegiven3.TheCommunistPartyofChina_______inShanghaiin1921.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.founded4.Greatchanges_______inmyhometownsinceliberation.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace5.Iwasastonished(吃惊)tohearthatthecolourTVset_______5,000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost6.Hewasseen_________somethingfromtheshop.A.steelB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed7.Shehas_________byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat8.Thecomputer________intheroom.A.canuseB.canbeuseC.canbeusedD.canused9.Thatclock______BigBen.A.callB.callingC.iscalledD.calls10.Thefilm_______againsometimesnextweek.A.showsB.willshowsC.willbeshowedD.shows实践：1.Ihaveneverseen_____UFOin______sky.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,aD.the,a2.--Howisyourbrother’shouseworkdone?--________第56页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A.GoodB.AllrightC.QuitewellD.Verybad3.TheycomefromEngland.Theyare_______.A.EnglishmanB.EnglishC.EnglishmansD.anEnglish4.Wouldyoupleasegiveme_____colourpencils?A.anyB.someC.alittleD.much5.Myfatherissleepingnow,couldyou____theradioabit?A.turnupB.turnonC.turndownD.turnoff6.ItwillbeChildren’sDaysoonandwe’renow____busy____abee.A.as...asB.as...likeC.like...asD.so...like7.--Well,______?--Ihaveaheadache,doctor.A.howdoyoudoB.what’sthematterwithyouC.howareyoufeelinglikeD.whatkindofillnessdoyou\nhave8.Theteachertoldtheboy_____itagain.A.don’tdoB.doesnotdoC.tonotdoD.nottodo9.Ilefthere,________.A.MarydoesB.sodoesMaryC.MarydidsoD.sodidMary10.--Whoteaches_____English?--MrLin.A.youB.yourC.sheD.Tom’s11.Haveyoufinished_______thebook?A.readB.toreadC.readingD.reads12.Thefarmerstaughtus______.A.tohowpickapples.B.howpickapples.C.howpickingapplesD.howtopickapples13.--______IwatchPro.Brownfrommorningtillnight?--No,youneedn’t.A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need.14.Doyouknow________?A.howlonghashelivedhereB.howlonghehaslivedhereC.hehaslivedherehowlongD.hehaslivedhowlonghere15.WewillgototheGreatwallifit______tomorrow.A.doesn’trainB.won’trainC.isn’trainingD.didn’train【第12讲：句子种类（一）】我们都知道，根据句子的使用目的，句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点，这里我们先重点讲一下.疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.反意疑问句:在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句.如前面陈述句部分是肯定式，后面问句部分一般用是否定式；如前一部分是否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致.如：Youareastudent，aren’tyou?(你是学生，对吗?)在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。如：Gotothecinema，willyou?在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。如：Whatfineweather，isn’tit?第57页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用陈述句部分的主语如是I，疑问部分要用aren’tI.如:I’mastallasyoursister，aren’tI?陈述部分用never，hardly，few，nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义.如:Heseldomcamehere,didhe?陈述句部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn’t+主语或usedn’t+主语.如:Heusedtogotoschoolatseven,didn’the?/usedn’the?陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn’tyou?如:You’dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn’t\nyou?陈述部分有You’dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn’t+主语.如：You’dliketogowithme,wouldn’tyou?主语是everyone，someone，anyone，noone等不定代词时，多用they指代.如：Everyoneishere，aren’tthey?(所有的人都来了吗?)主语是everything，something，anthing，nothing时，用it指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。如:Don’tdothatagain,willyou?注意Let’s开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?陈述部分是"therebe"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如:Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn’tthere?特殊疑问句:注意疑问词howmanyhowmuch,howoften,howold,howlong,what,whattime,whatday,whatcolour,which,when,who,whose等疑问词的用法。练习：1.Don’tforgettogivethebabysomefood,______?A.willyou?B.shallweC.won’tyouD.doyou2.Youhavemetbefore,_______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou3.Shehasneverreadthebookbefore,_______?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.issheD.isn’tshe4.Mikehastofinishherworknow,_______?A.hasheB.hasn’theC.doesheD.doesn’the5.--"Don’tsmokeinthedining-hall,willyou?"--"_________."A.Yes,IagreeB.Yes,ofcourse,C.Yes,Idon’tthinksoD.What’swrong6.--______didyoustayinUrumqilastsummer?--Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowC.HowlongD.Howmanytimes7.Henearlyhurthimselfintheaccident,_______?A.doesn’theB.didn’theC.didheD.doeshe8.--_______willyourauntbebackfromwork?--Inanhour.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Whattime9.Theoldmanhadtodothefarmworkhimself,________?A.didheB.didn’theC.hadheD.weren’the10.--"________dotheyhaveameeting?"--"Everytwoweeks."A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.WhenD.Whattime第58页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用\n实践：1.MrWilliamswillvisitourschoolagainsome_______day.A.theotherB.anotherC.anotherD.other2.Weshallneverlaugh_________peoplewhentheyare_______trouble.A.on,inB.at,inC.on,toD.to,at3."Thankyouforyourhelp.""_______."A.YouarewelcomeB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.YouarekindD.It’snoneed4.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy,______itisimportantforus.A.andB.soC.orD.but5."MustIgettherebeforeeight?""No,you______."A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.must6.Mysisterisn’tthere,she_______toBeijing.A.wentB.willgoC.hasbeenD.hasgone7.Newfactory_______inourhometownnextyear.A.buildB.willbuildC.willbebuiltD.isbuilding8.Idon’tthinkheisdoinghishomework,______?"A.isheB.isn’theC.doesheD.don’tI9.Ienjoyed_______toschoolinthemorninglastyear.A.torunB.runC.runingD.running10.Sorry,I’vekeptyou________foralongtime.A.waitB.waitingC.towaitD.waited11._______mothertold_______aninterestingstoryyesterday.A.Mine,IB.My,IC.My,meD.My,my12.Hisgrandma______in1968.Shehasbeen_________foryears.A.died,diedB.dead,diedC.dead,diedD.died,dead13.Theoldmanis_______underthetree.A.lyingB.lieC.layingD.tolie14.Heruns________thanhisclassmates.A.fastestB.thefastestC.fastD.faster15.Thetwins’fatherisstanding________them.A.amongB.betweenC.duringD.above【第13讲：句子的种类(二)】本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.感叹句注意事项：感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了.感叹句用法很简单,How和What放句前,How与形、副词类连,What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.当然，what感叹句和how感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可用how引导感叹句，但不定冠词a或an需放在形容词之后。如：Whatalargefactory=Howlargeafactoryitis!祈使句:祈使句所需注意的是：含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don’t.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用Let+not+动词原形或Don’t\nlet+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。下面稍微提一下常考的强调句：我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住：强调句的连词只有第59页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用"that".句式是：Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句，只需看去掉Itbe„that是否还是一个完整的句子。看下面例题：Itistwentyyears___MissFengreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as答案C.本题易误选为A(that).其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉Itbe„that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉"Itis...that"，只剩下tenyearsMissFengreturnedtoChina.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。句子的种类你掌握的如何?何不试试趁热打铁?练习：1.Itwasyesterday_______XiaoMingfinishedallhishomework.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.at2.YouarenotinGradeTwo,________you?A.aren’tB.areC.doD.don’t3.Shehasneverreadthebookbefore,_______?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.issheD.isn’tshe4.--Iwanttoshoppingthisafternoon.Whataboutyou?___________.A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SoIdoD.SodoI5.It’stimeforsuppernow.Let’s______it.A.stoptohaveitB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppingtohave6._______lovelyshesmiles!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata7.Thankyoufor_____mewithmyEnglish.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.helps8.--Wouldyouplease_______theshoesonthefloor?--I’msorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.notthrowB.don’tthrowC.nottothrowD.didn’tthrow9.LilyhasnotvisitedmanyplacesofgreatinterestsinChina.________.A.SohashertwinsisterB.NeitherishertwinsisterC.SohertwinsisterD.Neitherhashertwinsister10.Don’t_______booksagain!Youmustbecareful_______nowon.A.lost,fromB.lose,fromC.lost,sinceD.lose,since实践：1.WhenIenteredtheroom,Isawthelittleboy_______inthe\ncorner.A.tostandB.standsC.stoodD.standing2.Itisagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.A.tolaughatB.tolaughingatC.tobelaughedatD.tohavelaughedat3.Hedarestoclimbthattalltree,________he?A.doesn’tB.daren’tC.hasn’tD.isn’t4.Please______anythingyoucanrememberabouttheaccident.A.fillinB.drawoutC.writeinD.putdown第60页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用5.-Willthecloudsliftintheafternoon?--_______.A.IhopesoB.IhopeitC.IhopethatD.Ihopesuch6.Wehadtostayathome______theheavyrain.A.asB.sinceC.becauseofD.because7.Theywillvisitourschool______nextweek.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes8.Althoughhetriedhard,hewas______maths.A.goodatB.doingwellinC.weakinD.interestedin9.Thestars______inthedaytime.A.can’tseeB.can’tbeseenC.canbeseenD.see10.Thiskindofcars_______inShanghai.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.aremakingD.ismaking11.MrBlack’sjustcomebackfromtheEngland,_______he?A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.hasn’tD.is12._______tenyearssinceIleftmyhometown.A.TheyB.ItisC.TherehavebeenD.Itwas13.Isthis________lookingfor?A.youwereB.thatyouwereC.whatwereyouD.whatyouwere14.TheBlacks_______gototheseasidetohavetheirholidays,butnowtheynolongergothere.A.wereusedtoB.usedtoC.usuallyD.seldom15.Don’thurry.Onlyonepersoncanentertheroom________.A.atatimeB.innotimeC.intimeD.ontime【第14讲：宾语从句】一个句子如果加上宾语从句，句子显然变复杂了，也变的difficult了，其实，你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法，一切问题就迎刃而解了。宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。以that引导的宾语从句。如：Ihearthatyouhavepassedtheexamination.Goodluck!以if和whether引导的宾语从句。如：Idon’tknowifyoucancometomorrow.以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Pleasetellmehow\nyoucangethere.运用宾语从句要注意以下几点：宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态，宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，事实时，即使主句是过去式，从句仍用一般现在时。练习：1.SheaskedmeifIknew_______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit2.Idon’tknow_______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherB.whereC.whatD.when第61页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3.Idon’tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I’lltellyou.A.if,whetherB.whether,whetherC.if,ThatD.if,If4.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whereisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockinginD.whatintheirstockings5.Canyoutellme________?A.whendoestheshipleaveB.whentheshipwillleaveC.whentheshipleaveD.whenwilltheshipleave6.Canyoutellme______?A.whendidhecomeB.whenhecameC.whendidhecameD.hecamewhen7.Canyoutellme______theradio?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended8.Heaskedhisfather_________.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen9.Ididn’tknowwhatcolour_________.A.isthebagB.thebagisC.wasthebagD.thebagwas10.Couldyoutellme______withthemoney?A.howtodoB.whatshouldIdoC.howshouldIdoD.whatIshoulddo实践：1.Weare_____goingtothefactoryandworkthere.A.brieflyB.latelyC.recentlyD.shortly2.Formoststudents,theirteacher’sadviceismoreimportantthan______oftheirparents.A.oneB.whatC.whichD.that3.Theytalkedinalowvoice______beheardbyothers.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.soasto4.Notuntilthisevening______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.IdidknowB.didIknowC.IknewD.Ihaveknown5.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain,andwe’llbeverydisappointedifyou\n______.A.didn’tcomeB.haven’tcomeC.won’tcomeD.don’tcome6.IfI_______thereearlier,I________him.A.hadarrived,wouldhavemetB.havearrived,wouldhaveC.arrived,havemetD.arrived,hadmet7.Lilyissaid______forLondonlastmonth.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tobeleavingD.tobeleft8.Lifeonearth______impossibleunlesswestopdestroyingtheforestandpoisoningtheoceans.A.wasB.hasbeenC.willhavebeenD.willbe9.Thetwinswillgofishingwithusthisweekend_______theyarefree.A.thoughB.ifC.whetherD.but10.--______wegoat8:00?--Whatabout_______italittleearlier?A.Shall,makingB.Shall,tomakeC.Will,makingD.Will,make11.NewYorkisbiggerthan______intheUnitedStates.A.anyothercityB.anycitiesC.anycityD.othercities第62页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用12.Hermother______formorethanthreeyears.A.hasdiedB.haddiedC.isdeadD.hasbeendead13.Alltheguests_______gottotheclassroomontime.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.invitingD.tobeinvited14.Attwelvethatnightwearrivedinthevillage_______weoncelived.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that15.Heranfromhousetohouse,______peoplethegoodnews.A.toldB.tellingC.tellD.totell【第15讲：状语从句】状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。时间状语从句：是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivethere.原因状语从句：because,since,as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。如：Idon’tlikethatcoat,becausethecolorlooksterrible.由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。如：Heisnothere,because/forhismotheris\nill.目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由inorderthat,sothat,等词引导。如：Youmustraiseyourvoicesothat/inorderthateverybodycanhearyouclearly.结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that或such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。如：TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.让步状语从句：是由though,although引导的状语从句。though,although和but不能同时使用。Althoughitrained,theyhadagoodtime.练习：1.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_________him.A.knowsB.knowC.willknowD.isgoingtoknow2.We’llgooutforawalkassoonasit________.A.stopsrainingB.rainingC.stoptorainD.rain3.Thefilmwas_____interesting_____everyonewantedtoseeitagain.A.too,toB.so,thatC.not,untilD.very,that4.Wedon’tunderstandthepassage______thereisfewwordsinit.A.andB.ifC.thoughD.because5.Youaresuretopasstheexam_______youstudyhard.A.ifB.thoughC.thatD.when6.Ifyou_____freetomorrow,wewon’tgoforapicnic.A.aren’tB.won’tbeC.weren’tD.don’t第63页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用7.WhatwasJimdoing_______theteachercamein?A.whileB.andC.whenD.but8.Youmuststop______thepolicemansay:"stop!"A.thatB.ifC.thenD.until9.--TheboyfailedtopasstheEnglishexamination.--______hedidn’tworkhard.A.IfB.BecauseC.WhenD.So10.I’llgoforawalkwithyouifit______tomorrow?A.won’trainB.doesn’trainC.willrainD.rain实践：1.Igetup______halfpastsixeveryday.A.inB.onC.atD.for2.IheardRobin________anEnglishsonglastnight.A.sangB.tosingC.singD.sung3.Isthere_______intoday’snewspaper?A.importantsomethingB.something\nimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportant4._____fineweatheritis!A.WhataB.WhatanC.HowD.What5."Whereareyourbikes?""________isundertree,and_______besidethewall."A.Mine,herB.Me,hisC.Mine,hisD.His,her6.______studentslistenedtothereport.A.FourhundredB.FourhundredofC.FourhundredsofD.Fourhundreds7.Footballwasoncea______game,butnowmoreandmoregirlsenjoyplayingit.A.boys’B.boy’sC.boys’sD.girl’s8.Don’tmove,_______Iwillkillyou!A.andB.orC.soD.but9.Thereis_________inkinmypen.Willyoupleasegiveme_______drops?A.afew,alittleB.few,littleC.little,afewD.little,alittle10.Theycouldhardlybelieveit,_______?A.couldn’ttheyB.couldtheyC.can’ttheyD.canthey11."MayIsmokehere?""No,you_______."A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.maynot12.Hisfather________forsixyears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.hasdeadD.hasbeendeath13.Thereis________umbrellaintheroom._______umbrellaisinthecorner.A.the,theB.a,TheC.an,TheD.an,A14.Itwas______theChristmasEvethatIfirstsawhim.A.atB.inC.onD.by15.Shehasanpencilinonehand,apenin________.A.othersB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers第64页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用【第16讲：考前指导】中考在一天天的接近，现在大家肯定非常紧张。面对这一大堆问题，该如何充分利用这几天有限的时间来达到复习的最佳效果呢?不要着急，不要着急，稳下心来,Doitstepbystep,中考就会志在必得。考前主要思路：目前中考英语的趋向是向考察语言实际应用的方向转化，对语法的考察则趋向于基本、基础的知识考察。同时将对语法的考察与语言情景向结合。所以：记住该记的关键、废话少说！考什么记什么。时间宝贵呀！一谈到考前复习，很多人便想到抓\n"考点"、"要点"。实际上，最关键的是抓住"知识点"，找出"重点"和"难点"，才能举一反三，触类旁通。忠告：音标部分：在平时学习时所掌握的知识的基础上，复习一遍音标规则，复习过程中结合自己所学单词进行验证，可加深印象和理解程度。同时总结容易混淆的音标及不符合音标规则的特殊读音词。介词的用法一直是考试的重点，原因是在英语里，介词往往能起到汉语里动词的作用，而且很多时候用法的区分很细致。复习时认真总结一下，还是有用的。因汉语里没有冠词一说，冠词的用法一直是个难点。a,an用法还好区分些，只要知道其后面所跟的词的发音就可轻易判断。the则难一些，但只要知道用the则必特指，大多数题也就迎刃而解了。当然还有不用冠词的时候。句中单复数的对应关系，其中包括名词、代词的单复数形式，并不是很难理解，考试时细心一些就可以了。肯定句、疑问句的相互变换时，更要特别注意到这一点。动词词组的含义、用法，要是没有掌握得很好，则针对每一词组的不同用法记忆一组例句，到时候套用可保万无一失。初二、初三的英语中有了时态、句中词序的变化，复习时多加对比，考时跟着感觉走。初中英语的阅读理解部分，并不涉及词语的隐讳含义或双关等。因此只要阅读速度不是很慢，平时所积累的词汇量够用就行。万一你的速度赶不上去，考试可先读题，后读文章，读时抓住与问题相关的B.Certainlynot.Hereyouare.C.No,myradioisbadD.No,thanks.2.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtoreadaword,you’dbetter______inadictionary.A.lookupitB.tolookupitC.lookitupD.tolookitup3.There_____alotofriceinthebag.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is4.Theradioistoonoisy,wouldyouplease_______alittle?A.turnitdownB.turnitonC.stopitfromD.pickitup5.Beijingwill_______beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes.A.coverB.coverwithC.becoveredD.becoveredwith6.Johnknows_______acomputer.A.howtouseB.howuseC.howusesD.whatuse7.TheEnglishfor10,440is________.A.tenthousand,fourhundredsandfortyB.tenthousand,fourhundredandforty第65页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用C.tenthousand,fourhundredfortyD.tenthousandandfour,forty8.Isaw_______playinginthestreetatthattime.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs9.Thereis_________intheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.A.somethingdifficultB.difficultsomethingC.nothingdifficultD.difficultnothing10.______allthestudentsinhisclass,XiaoMingwrites_______.A.Of,mostcarefullyB.In,themostcarefulC.Of,verycarefullyD.In,muchmorecarefully\n实践：1.Ihavefourfriends.BothTomandPeter________fromtheUSA,butneitherTomnorPeter________westernfood.A.is,likesB.are,likesC.is,likeD.are,like2.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Itis_______kilometreslong.A.sixthousandssixhundredandseventyB.sixthousandandsixhundredseventyC.sixthousandssixhundredsseventyD.sixthousandsixhundredandseventy3.________myauntcomestostaywithusfor_______inourhometown.A.Sometime,sometimesB.Sometimes,sometimeC.Sometime,sometimesD.Sometime,sometime4.UncleWangwantedmetowaterthetrees.________.A.SodidusB.SowedidC.SowasID.SoIdid5.Nobodycangointothecinema_______aticket.A.withB.exceptC.andD.without6.________isthemostpopularfootballplayerinyourcountry?A.WhodoyouthinkB.DoyouthinkwhoC.DoyouthinkwhomD.Whomdoyouthink7._______hardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A.ToworkB.WorkC.IfyouworkD.Working8.Thedresscost________moneythatshecouldn’taffordtobuyit.A.toomuchB.somuchC.somanyD.quitemuch9.A:Youareverybeautifulinthenewskirt.B:_______.A.It’stoogoodB.I’msorrytohearthatC.That’sgreatD.It’squitegood10.Suchathingwillnotbefoundeverywhere.Thatmeans________.A.suchathingisnowheretobefoundB.suchathingcanbefoundsomewhere,butnoteverywhereC.youcanneverfindsuchathingD.suchathingcannotbefoundinanyplaces11._____isclearthatlearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.A.ThisB.WhatC.ItD.That12.Hesaid________hewasateacher________hetaughtEnglish.A.whether,thatB.that,thatandC.\,andthatD.whether,butthat第66页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用13.Weshouldopenourmouth_____learnEnglishwell.A.forordertoB.inordertoC.inorderthatD.inorderfor14.It’sagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.A.tolaughatB.tolaughingatC.tobelaughedatD.tohavelaughed\nat15.Theboys______basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing【第17讲Therebe句型与中考试题】Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地（或某时）有某人（或某物）”，其形式为“Therebe＋代词或名词（短语）＋地点／时间状语”。这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词（短语）是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be（或其否定式）＋there”构成。例如：1．Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom．（紧挨着be动词的主语是adesk，是单数，故be的形式要用is）2．Therearen’ttwochairsandadeskintheroom．（否定句）3．Isthereanythingwrongwithyourears？（Yes，thereis．／No，thereisn’t．）4．Therewasn’tameetingyesterday，wasthere？（反意疑问句）除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“Therebe＋sb．＋doingsth．＋地点／时间状语”。例如：Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver．河里有几个孩子在游泳。Therebe结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况：通过上表可知：各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错，首要的问题是弄清楚Therebe与have所表示的意义。Therebe句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如，要说“明天有一个班会。”（1）Therewillhaveaclassmeetingtomorrow．（×）（2）Thereisgoingto／willbeaclassmeetingtomorrow．（√）有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如：ClassThreehaveamapofChinaonthewall．（“地图”为三班学生所有）ThereisamapofChinaonthewallinClassThree．（“地图”存在于三班）由此看来，Therewillhave是错误的。复习Therebe句型时除了掌握基础知识外，还应注意以下问题：1．Therebe句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的，即主谓的一致性。例如：（1）Thereis_____onthefloor．（2）Thereare_____onthefloor．选项：A．catB．waterC．boxesD．football解析：（1）由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词，而A、D项中都缺少冠词a，故选B，同理可知（2）应选C。2．如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any，some，few，afew，many或用数词＋hundred／thousand／million，hundreds／thousands／millionsof，no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any，some，no，little，alittle，much等词的修饰。例如：（1）Therewere_____studentsinourschool．A．hundredsB．eighthundredC．eighthundredsof（2）Thereis_____water．Youneedn’tgetsomemore．A．fewB．little\nC．much解析：（1）由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B，（2）由water可知排除A项，再由后一句意思便知选C。3．注意不定代词的用法。（1）不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Thereisnothinginthefridge．（2）不第67页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如：Thereissomethinginterestingintoday’snewspaper．4．Therebe句型的反意疑问句，要注意陈述部分的形式。如果陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如：Thereisnobodyintheroom，isthere？但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如：Thereissomethingunusualintheroom，isn’tthere？5．要注意句子前后意思的一致性。有的句子单独看其意义时，可能不止一个选项适合于它，但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如：（1）Thereis_____food．Youneedn’tbuyany．（2）Thereis_____food．Youhavetobuysome．（A．anyB．someC．no）从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no，但与后面的句意结合看，答案则是唯一的：（1）B，（2）C。Therebe句型命题趋向有两个方面：一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型，即“Therebe＋sb．＋doingsth．＋地点／时间状语”。下面是一些英语中考试题原题:1．Thereare_____daysinaweek．A．thesevenB．seventhC．theseventhD．seven2．Therearefew_____inthefridge．Let’sgoandbuysomepeas，carrotsandcabbages．A．vegetablesB．fruitC．meatD．eggs3．Look！Therearesome_____onthefloor．A．childB．waterC．boxesD．girl4．Thereweretwo_____peopleatyesterday’smeeting．A．hundredsB．hundredsofC．hundred5．Theletterfrommyunclewasshort．Therewasn’t_____news．A．manyB．afewC．muchD．few6．—Oh，thereisn’tenough_____forusinthelift．—Itdoesn’tmatter，let’swaitforthenext．A．groundB．floorC．placeD．room7．There_____anEnglishEveningnextTuesday．A．wasB．willbeC．willhaveD．aregoingtobe8．There_____afootballgameinourschool．A．hasB．willhaveC．willbe9．Thereisgoingto_____areport_____Chinesehistoryinourschoolthisevening．A．have；onB．be；onC．have；for\nD．be；of10．Thereis_____foodhere．We’llhavetobuysome．A．anyB．someC．no11．Thereis_____inthebag．It’sempty．A．nothingB．somethingC．anythingD．somebody12．Thereis_____knockingatthedoor．Goandseewhoitis．A．nobodyB．somebodyC．anybodyD．everybody13．—Isthere_____wrongwithme，doctor？—I’mafraidso．Yourheartisbeatingabittooslow．第68页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用A．somethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nothing14．Thereis_____interestingonthischannel．Tryothers．A．nothingB．noneC．anythingD．no15．Thereis_____interestinginthefilm，so_____isinterestedinit．A．something；nobodyB．nothing；somebodyC．anything；anybodyD．nothing；nobody16．Thereis_____intoday’snewspaper．A．nothingnewB．anythingnewC．newanythingD．newsomething17．Thereis_____intoday’snewspaper．A．newanythingB．newsomethingC．anythingnewD．somethingnew18．Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool，_____？A．bethereB．isthereC．willthereD．won’tthere19．Thereislittlewaterinthebottle．（改为反意疑问句）Thereislittlewaterinthebottle，__________？20．Thereissomethingunusualontheisland．（改为反意疑问句）Thereissomethingunusualontheisland，__________？Key:●Therebe句型与中考试题1—5DACCC6—10DBCBC11—15ABBAD16—18ADD19．isthere20．isn’tthere【第18讲被动语态复习ABC】A．熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．一般将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．过去将来时：should／wouldbe\n＋p．p．含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态）B．明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。例如：第69页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy．（填wasbroken）C．熟练转换1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）（填mustbethrownaway）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______？（填were；grown）D．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory．（变被动语态）→Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．（填wasgiven\nto）2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn’t______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．（填betakengoodcareof）3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动语态）He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（填wasseento）4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built［C］第70页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E．注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F．牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1．becoveredwith被„„覆盖2．bemadeof由„„制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由„„制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemade\nby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用来„„beusedas被当作（作为）„„来使用beusedtodosth．被用来做某事4．Itissaidthat．．．据说„„Itishopedthat．．．希望„„Itiswellknownthat．．．众所周知„„例如：①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？—Yes．It’sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein［B］②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping［A］③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．（填Itissaid；anotherbridge；built）【第19讲：模拟考场】单项选择I.选出划线部分读音相异的词1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front第71页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.eitherII.选择填空7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3.A.ofB.onC.inD.at8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening.A.doB.didC.doesD.doing9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.A.canB.mustC.mayD.need10.---I’msorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.---______.A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.That’sallrightD.Itdoesn’tmatter11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown.A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan.A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago.A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for14.Please____theradio.It’stooloud.A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup15.Mr.Blackcouldn’tbuy___manythings.A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer?A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto17.You’dbetter___lateforthemeeting.A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not18.Brucestudies___Dick.A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas19.Myparents___teachersofmaths.A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?----___.He’sgonetothe\npostoffice.A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.I’mafraidnotD.I’mnotsure21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butit’s____onweekends(周末).A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___.A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?--Onceamonth.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime24.Who’sgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway?A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look第72页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___?A.isthereB.aren’tthereC.arethereD.isn’tthere26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?---_______.A.Notatall.B.No,Iwouldn’tC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic?A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___.A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland.A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving30.Thisjacket___cotton.A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to完型填空AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)whenthey(2)eachmorning.Atnineo’clock,themanager(经理）hadtodrawaredline(线）(3)thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).Whentherewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽搁）byfog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"Thesame".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythismorning"insteadof(代替）"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirtypeoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.1.A.numbersB.timesC.namesD.excuses2.A.arrivedB.leftC.gotupD.met3.A.onB.besideC.aboveD.under4.A.outB.lateC.awayD.sorry5.A.rainB.fogC.snowD.traffic6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote7.A.elseB.onlyC.orD.here8.A.lastB.firstC.oldD.\nyoung9.A.withB.ofC.orD.but10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.ThesamePassage1WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"It’sasmalltown!"hethought.Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.Hehasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思维)areman’sthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughaman’seyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknewnobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown.第73页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用根据短文B.asmalltownC.abigcountryD.abigtown2.Martinleftthetown___.A.whenhewasfortyB.fouryearsagoC.whenhewasthirtyD.fortyyearsago3.NowMartinseesthingsthrough___eyes.A.aman’sB.aboy’C.achild’sD.astranger’s4.Martin___duringhisfivehoursstayinthetown.A.sawnobodyB.sawalotofthingsC.metnofriendsD.didn’twanttoseehisfriends5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Martinstayedinthetownortwohours.B.Martinwasnotastrangerinthetown.C.Thetownhaschangedalot.D.Aman’sthoughtsandachild’sthoughtsaredifferent.Passage2Manyplacesintheworldneedmorefresh(淡的)water.Everycountryistryingtofindwaystoturnsaltwaterintofresh.Whyaren’ttheremanyfactorresliketheSymifactory?Insomeplaces,thesunisnothotenough.Oritdoesnotshineeveryday.Insuchplaces,otherwaysofheating(加热)﹕seawatercanbeused.Thesewayscostmoremoney,buttehyworkfasterthenthesun.Byboiling(煮沸);seawaterwithhighheat,alotoffreshwatercanbemadequickly.Butheatingisnottheonlywaytogetfreshwaterfromsaltwater.otherwaysaretried.Onewayisfreezing(冷冻).Thefreshpartofsaltwaterfreezesfirst.Togetfreshwater,thebitsoficearetakenout.Whichwayisbest?Theonethatgivesthenostwaterfortheleastmoney.Itmaybeadifferentwayforeachplace.Symi’swayseemsverygoodforsmall,hotplaces.Itdoesnotmakeverymuchwateratatime.Butthefactoryiseasytobuildandcostslittle.Thatiswhypeopleinmanydryplacestalkabout\nSymi!1.Fromthispassage(短文)weknowthatfreshwater_______.A.isneededineverycountryB.canbefoundinmanyfactoriesC.canbeusedinmanywaysD.isveryimportantforfactories2.Whatisthewritermainly(主要的)talkingaboutinthepassage?A.Water-makingfactoriesindifferentcountriesB.ThewaysofmakingfreshwaterfromseawaterC.HotplacesanddryplacesD.Howtomakegooduseofthesun3.TheSymifactory_______.A.seemsgoodbuttoosmallB.isafreshwater-makingfactoryC.canmakemuchfreshwateratatimeD.doesnotneedsunshineeveryday4.Whichisthebestwayforsmallandhotplacestogetfreshwater?A.BoilingorheatingtheseawaterB.ThewayinhotteranddrierplacesC.TheSymi’swayD.Freezingtheseawaterincoldplaces.5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Newwaysaretriedtogetfreshwater.B.Alotoffreshwatercanbemadequicklybyheating.第74页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用C.Thebestwayistogetmorefreshwaterwiththeleastmoney.D.TheSymi’swaydoesnotworkindryplaces.初中英语词组总结1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）4agreewithsb赞成某人5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7alongwith同„„一道，伴随„„eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树8Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor„„求助向„要„（直接接想要的东西）eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在„„岁时eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof„„„„的起初；„„的开始15attheendof+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表：1现在进行时2\n将来时19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原）能够„„eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧，害怕„„eg:I’mafraedtogooutatnightI’mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允许做什么eg:I’mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视23beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don’tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气25beas„原级„as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高26beashamedto27beawayfrom远离28beawayfrom从„„离开29bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于„„32becareful当心；小心33bedifferentfrom„„和什么不一样34befamousfor以„„著名35befriendlytosb对某人友好36befrom=comefrom来自eg：HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37befullof装满„„的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater第75页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用38beglad+to+do/从句39begoingto+v(原）将来时40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于„„41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44beingoodhealth身体健康45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像„„eg:I’mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的气50bemadefrom由„„制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51bemadeof由„„制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He’sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththem\nselves这些学生对自己不严格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I’msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑（老师）68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I’msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕„„71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas„和什么一样73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句76because+句子becauseof+短语eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start„with„=begin„with„以什么开始什么eg:Let’sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between„and„两者之间79borrowsthfromsb向„„借„„lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给„„什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen第76页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I’msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He’sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到„„为止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care关心eg:Don’tyoucareaboutthiscountry’sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85catchupwithsb赶上某人86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87comein进88comeoverto过来89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗？90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州？92danceto随着„„跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93decidetodosth决定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的调查95dobetterin在„„方面做得更好96dowrong做错97Don’tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don’tmind\n+doing/从句/名词不要介意„„99each+名（单）每一个„eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escapefrom从„„逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing（名词）110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don’tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from„to„从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完，被（别人）做„eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth120get„from„从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告谈一谈第77页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento„(地方）„„去过某过地方havegoneto„（地方）去了某地还没回来133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo我没什么事情做135havetodosth必须做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have„time+doing138have„(时间)„off放„„假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处141helpsbwithsth\one’ssth帮助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth\n帮助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否＝wethereg:Idon’tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon’tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg:I’llgotoLuZhouifitdoes’train假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I’llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147inone’sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof„什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）151inthesun在太阳下152increase增加eg:They’veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+（名）代替eg:I’dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果，而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍155invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It’s+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样158It’s+adj+todo做某事怎么样159It’s+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样It’s+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样160It’s+adj(forsb)todo（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It’s+adjofsbtodosth对某第78页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用人来说做某事太怎么样eg:It’sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It’sagoodideaforsbtodosth对„„来说是个好主意162It’simportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:It’simportanttome163It’stimetodosthIt’stimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:It’stimetohaveclassIt’stimeforclass该去上课了164join=takepartin参加165justnow\n刚才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样？167keepout不让„„进入168keepsbadj让„„保持„„eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170keyto„anserto„key可以是答题或钥匙171laughat„取笑„„eg:Don’tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自学173learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth学做某事175letsbdosth让某人做某事176Letsbdown让某人失望eg：Weshouldn’tletourfarentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望177livefrom:离某地远178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顾照看180loseone’sway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事182makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把时间定的早一点184makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样188makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写189makeupbemadeupof(被动语态）由„„组成190make„differenceto„191mindsbtodomindone’sdoing介意„„做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容词194mustbe一定195need+名词196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(实义动词）needdo(情态动词）198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名词200notanymore=nomore再也不„„eg:Hedidn’tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not„(形、副）atalleg:He’snottallatallshedoesn’tjunpfaratall第79页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用202not„atall一点都不203not„either表否定，也不eg:Idon’tjapanseeitherIdon’thavesister,either我也没有姐姐204not„until直到„„才„„eg:Ididn’tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn’tstopcryinguntilI\ngivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我给你提供水207onone’swayto„在谁去那的路上208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈210ontime准时intime及时211oneday＝someday＝someday一天，有一天212oneof+可数名词的复数形式213onetoanother一个到另一个214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作216payfor„付„„钱paythebill开钱，付钱217please+do218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing练习做某事222prefersthtosth相对„„更喜欢„„eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做„不愿意去做„eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做„也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefersbnottodosth更愿意„eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来223pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他装着不知道答案224rather„than宁可„„也不„„eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225regard„as把„„当作„„eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily请带我向你的家人我最好的问候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不爱关心别人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事第80页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理欢迎使用eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做饭227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays\n这照片使我想起了我的学校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人229saytooneself对自己说230saytosb对某人说231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送给某人某物238send„to„把什么寄到哪里去？239shock使„„震惊eg:Oh,It’sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some„others„一些„„另一些„„244start„with„从„„开始begin„with„从„„开始245stayawayfrom远离„„eg:We’retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时，我们要远离动物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou’dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名这样，这种251suitsb适合某人252surprisesb使某人惊奇toone’ssurprise令某人惊奇253takeclasses上课254takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk＝goforawalk散步256①talkto对谁说eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和谁说eg:Italkwithhim③talkof谈到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout谈论关于„„257talkwithsb和某人说话258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellastory第81页共82页嘉兴英语教学网www.jxenglish.com收集整理\n欢迎使用261tellsbsth告诉某人某事262tellsbtodosth告诉某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做什么263tell„from„264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名词(doing)+as„„266thesame„(名)„asas„(adjadv)„as相同267thewaytodosth＝thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto„（地点）到哪的269too„to„太怎样而不能„„adj+enoughto足够„能„so„that+丛句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool＝Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte„„into„„把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但没成功trydoingsth想干什么，已经做过了eg：Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去，但没成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去，已经做过了274try„试衣服haveatry试一下275turndown开小←→turnup开大276turnoff关上←→turnon打开open拆开277upsidedown倒着278visitto„参观某个地方279waitforsb等某人第82页共82页艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿葿虿芈膂螇蚈羇莈蚃蚈肀膁蕿螇膂莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄螀螄膆芇蚆螃艿蒃薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀蒁莄螁膃芄蚂袀袂葿薈衿羅节蒄袈肇蒇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿膃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃羃羆膀蚂羂肈莅薈羁芀膈薃羀羀蒃葿羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇芅薀羇羆蒀蒆蚄聿芃莂蚃膁蒈蚁蚂袁芁蚇蚁肃薇薃蚀膅荿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