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\n不定冠词a/an,分类定冠词the,零冠词(不用冠词)\n一、冠词的泛指、特指和类指泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物,也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。\n二:冠词的泛指和特指用法:单数可数名词一定要用冠词a/anthe泛指单一,每一,任一事物指类别特指上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限度的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物指类别\n复数可数名词和不可数名词the特指上文提到的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物零冠词泛指的人或事物指类别\n三:不定代词a/an的惯用法1、当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是辅音音素时,用a.当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是元音音素时,用an.如:aunvesity;ausefulanimal;anuncle;anX-ray;an800-meterrace注意:开始读元音的字母或数字前用an,除a,e,I,o,u外还有f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x2.用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物Acatisananimal.猫是一种动物。He’saFrenchman.他是个法国人。但不可数名词前可加someGivemesomemilk.\n3.泛指某人某物,但未具体说明何人何物Aboyiswaitingforme.一个男孩正在等我HerhusbandisaSmith.她的丈夫是史密斯家族的4、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强Ishallfinishitinadayortwo.注意区分any,one,a5.有thesame;every/per/each的意思,表示相同的/每一。e.gThetwoboysareofanage.(thesameage)Iearn10dollarsanhour.(everyhour)\n6.第一次提到某物Ilookedupandsawaplane.我抬头看见了一架飞机7.不定冠词通常置于别的形容词之前Aninterestingbookaprettygril例外:(1)用在such,what,many之后eg:Whatafineday!Manyaboy(很多男孩)(2)当名词前的形容词被so,as,too,how,however,nomore,enough修饰时,a/an放在形容词之后eg;SoshortatimeToolongadistence(3)有quite,rather时一般其后,但名词前有形容词修饰时,可前后eg:Heisquiteafellow他是个相当了不起的人Itisquitea/aquitegoodbook.Sheisratheradear.她是个相当可爱的女孩儿Sheisratheran/aratheroldwoman她是个相当老的女人(4)遇见half时,不定冠词可前可后halfanhour=ahalfhourhalfamile=ahalfmail半英里但在and后用ahalfonemonthandahalf=oneandahalfmonth一个半月\n8.用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”.e.gThatisagreentea.Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.apleasure/asuccess/afailure9.用在某些抽象名词前,①acertain+抽象名词,表示某种情绪acertainsadness某种悲伤感acertainhappiness某种幸福感②抽象名词被一个形容词修饰或被一个of短语限定时agoodmemorye.gHehasaknowledgeofchemistry.Theget-togetherwasagreatsuccess.Herbookisacollectionofshortstories.\n10.用在专有名词前①用在姓名,作品前,表示“具有……特征的人、……的作品”eg:HewishestobecomeanEidison.他希望成为爱迪生那样的人MotherboughtheracompleteMoYan.母亲给她买了本《莫言全集》②用于带头衔的“姓”前,意为“一位姓……的小姐/先生”,表示说话人对此人不认识eg:AMr.Wangcametoseeyoujustnow.刚刚有位王先生来见你③用于地名前,指某时的某地或者某种样子的某地DidyoudreamsuchaLondon.你有梦想过这样的伦敦吗ItisnotsuchaShanghaiasitwastenyearsago这已经不是10年前的上海了11.当sun,sky,moon等独一无二的名词被描绘性形容词修饰表达某种意境时eg:abright/new/fullmoonadark/free/sadworld\n12.用于下列特殊结构中①“a/an+单数名词+of+a+单数名词”,其中第一个名词相当于一个形容词eg:anangleofagirl天使般的女孩amountainofawave山一样高的海浪注:第一个不定冠词可以换成this,the,that,my,your等②“beofa+名词”,表示不同事物的共同性eg:Themachinesareofakind。③“beofa+形容词修饰的名词”,表示人或物的特性eg:Theknifeisofagreatuse.这把刀很有用Heisofalargesize.他的块头很大④have/take+a+抽象名词=该名词动词词义Ihavehadalongtalkwithhimonthesubject.=Ihavelongtalkedwithhimonthesubjecthaveawalk(n.)=walk(v.)havearest=resthaveadance/look/bath/quarrel……\n13.固定搭配haveacold;haveagoodtime;haveawordwith;keepadiaryinahurry;ataloss;dosb.afavour;atadiatance;acollectionofonceuponatimee.gThispicturelooksbeautifulatadistance.Hewasatalosswhenheheardthisnews.【口诀】泛指首提为最多,有时表示某“一个”;物质抽象表“一场”,So加形容再“a”;可数名词为“一类”,序数词前“又一个”Quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。\n1.My cousin, Peter has become _____university student.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填2.Thegirl with ______umbrella in hand is studying in _____university.A. a, a B. a, an C. an, an D. an, a3.It had been dry for so long a time, so everyone is looking forward to __heavyrain at time.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填4.Without ____penny(分)with him, he had traveled for half ___year.A. a, a B.不填, 不填 C. an, an D. a, an5.He published _____ one-million-word thick book last year.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填6.Take this medicine three times____day and you will be better tomorrmA. a B. an C. the D. 不填7.__ orphan is __ child one of whose parents were died when he was born.A. a, a B. an, a C. the, the D. 不填, 不填\n8.I have to get my English book in the classroom. Please wait for me for ___ moment.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填9.Have you seen ___ pencil? I left it on ___table this morning.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a10.I am afraid of ____dog. Can I go behind you?A. the B. a C. an D. 不填11.There used to be ___ lot of birds in the trees. But now there is ____few birds there becausethey are killed by foolish men.A. a, a B. a, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. 不填, a12.I bought _____English dictionary yesterday and _____English dictionary is ______usefulguidance book for me to learn English.A. a, the, a B. an, the, an C. an, the, a D. a, the, an13. In this way, you can shoot two birds with _____stone.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填\n四、定冠词的主要用法表示特指某人或某物和彼此都知道的事物。Thegrilinredismysisiter.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Openthedoor,please.2.第二次提到的人或物Ifindamaninthestreet;themansaidhegotanewjob.3.表示世界上独一无二的事物。theearth;themoon;theGreatWall4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。thefirstthesecond注:相当于形容词最高级的形容词也要加the,例如same,very,only,unique,main,chief等5.用在表单位的名词前,意为“每,每一”。Ihavehiredacarbythehour.(按小时)Eggsaresoldbythedozen.(按每12个)注:交通工具不加thebyair,byboat,bysea,bycar,bybus,bytaxi,bywalk\n6.用在表示西洋乐器(当成课程不加)、身体部位、方位的名词前Sheplaysthepiano(theviolin/theflute)GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.theeast,thepast,thewest,thefuture,theleft在句型“动词+人+介词+the+身体部位”中the不可以用人称代词代替takesb.bythearm(抓住某人手臂)hitsb.Intheface(打某人的脸)7.用在单数名词前,表该名词全体总称或用在形容词/过去分词前表一类人。thepoor;therich;theyoungThecowisausefulanimal.牛是有用的动物【例】man,woman代表全体时不加冠词Manforthefield;womanforthehearth.男主外女主内。8.专有名词和定冠词①用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前theWestLake;theYellowRiver;theRedSea注:孤岛、独山或湖不是复数形式专有名词,不用冠词,湖名前有of时lake要加theMt.Tai(泰山)Hainan(Island)海南thelakeofConstance康斯坦茨湖\n②用在年代,朝代和逢十的数词(表某个年代)前theTangDynasty;inthe1990`s③机关、学校、医院、商店或其他公共建筑物的名称,船、舰、舰队、铁道的名称theWhiteHousetheRedCrossHospitaltheVictoria维多利亚战舰theQueenMarry玛丽皇后号【例】LondonUniversity/BridgeOxfordUniversity牛津大学YaleUniversity耶鲁大学WestminsterAbbey威斯敏特大教堂为了与人名作区别,除了加定冠词,船名加引号或用斜体词the“Liaoning”辽宁舰theHaichi④书籍、报纸、杂志的名称加theTheBible《圣经》theNewYorkTimes《纽约时报》※专有名词以A词开头时,以人名为书名时不用theADailyUseofEnglish-ChineseDictionary《日用英汉词典》⑤复数姓氏前用the表全家人,用在国家和民族的形容词前表示该国的人民。theChinese;theEnglishWhenwillyouinvitetheChenstodinner,mother?\n⑥语言名词之后有language时,用theEnglish=theEnglishlanguage⑦专有名词做普通名词或被性质形容词修饰时用theHeistheNewtonoftheage.他是当代的牛顿theambitiousCaesarHeisthelivingLeiFengofourera.他是我们时代的活雷锋9.用在the very强调句中This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书。10.在the more, the more比较级的句式中The more you drink, the more you like it.你越喝就越爱喝。11.固定搭配。①一日中的时间inthemorning/afternoon/evening/nightonthenight后面必须接of※atdawn/dusk/noon/midnight不用the\n②场所③时间light在亮处inthemeantime/longrun同时/终于dark在暗处atthesametime同时sun在阳光下forthetimebeing暂时intheshade在阴凉处alltheyearround一整年rain在雨中theotherday前几天ocean在海里distance在远处④其他go to the beach listen to the musiconthecontraryontheotherhand【口诀】序数词最高级,习惯用语要牢记。沙漠河流与群山,岛屿海峡和海湾;阶级党派国家名,组织团体和机关;方位朝代最高级,会议条约及报刊;人体部位发明物,顺序唯一加习惯;乐器建筑海洋类,年代姓氏复数前;特定比较涵义时,定冠词the都不删。\n五:零冠词的几种情况:1.用在人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前一般不加冠词ChinaEuropeLei FengWilliam Shakespeare2.纯不可数名词,复数名词前表泛指fun;space;advice;progress;information;newsHoresareusefulanimals.Theyareteachers.3.季节、月份、节日、星期等之前,一般不加冠词。(除了特指某前的季节等,中国传统节日前必加定冠词)onSunday;prefersummertowinteronthespringof2009MayDay;NewYear’sDayTheSpringFestival4.三餐、球类、棋类、学科等名称前,一般不加冠词。playfootball;playchess;havelunch5.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前,不加冠词。Doctor,Iamnotfeelingwell.6.中国乐器前不加冠词。playerhu;playpiba7.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。bycar\n8.用在一些并列词前fatherandsonmasterandservantoldandyoungdayandnightonebyonefromdoortodoor9.在下列结构中,of后面的普通名词不加冠词akindof;stylesof;typesof;aformof;asortof10.在turn,go(变成、成为)后作补语的名词前不加冠词。除了becomeHisdreamofturninggreatleadercametrue.Hewasateacherbeforeheturnedlawyer。11.as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主+谓+主句(虽然..但是)e.g.Heroasheis,heisstillmodest.Childassheis,sheknowsalot.12.表地点的词指原有用途时为抽象名词,表状态、行为、活动ThechildrengotoschooleverymorningHelivesneartheschool.\n13.固定搭配。【口诀】年季月周节日餐,人地抽名物质专;成对使用及洲名,学科球棋和语言Turn之表语头衔前,独立主格时无冠;可数名词代修饰,让步倒装名形前;交通工具冠词删,灵活运用是关键。\n六、特殊情况1.the+序数词(第…)thesecondchancea+序数词(又一,再一)asecondchance2.the+独一无二的名词themoon;theeartha+独一无二的名词afullmoon;3.the+最高级(三者或以上中最…).a+最高级(无比较之意,表非常)Heisthemostdeligentstudentsintheclass.Itisamostusefulbook.\n4.部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来,名词前无冠词,则表示抽象意义;名词前有冠词,则表示具体意义。outofproblem不成问题takeplace发生outoftheproblem不可能taketheplaceof代替inhospital,attableinfrontofinthehospitalatthetableinthefrontof,onearthofage成年losecolour脸色苍白ontheearthofanage同岁losethecolour褪色\n5.在同一个名词之前有两个形容词并列时,若指两个人或两件东西,每个形容词前都需要加冠词;若指同一人或同一件东西,只有第一个形容词前需要冠词。ablackandwhitehorseablackandawhitehorsetheblackandwhitehorsetheblackandthewhitehorsetheblackandwhitehorses\n练习二:1. Look, __ water in this river is so polluted that the fishcan’t live in it.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填2. Open _door and __windows please. We need some fresh air.A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the3. __Great Wall is __wonder(奇观) in __world.A. the, the, the B. a, a, a C. the, a, the D. 不填, the, the4. ___Yangtze River is ____ first longest river in China.A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a5. ___paper was invented by ___Chinese people a long time ago.A. 不填,the B. 不填,不填 C. the, the D. the, 不填6. ____Asia and ____America are separated(分开) by ___Pacific Ocean.A.the,the,the B.the,the,不填 C.不填,不填,theD. the,不填,the\n7. Alexander Graham Bell invented ____telephone in 1876.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one8. —Where is my dad, mum? —He is in ___hospital and he has __ headacheA. the, the B. the, a C. 不填,a D. 不填,the9. _____girl who is dressed in a red skirt over there is my sister.A. the B. a C. this D. 不填10. After ______supper, we often go for ___walk in _____nearby woods.A. the,a,the B.不填, a,the C.the, a,不填 D.不填, a,不填11. _____good advice you have given me when I am in ____trouble!A. What a, the B. How a, the C. What, 不填 D. How, 不填12. I like playing _____football and ___piano in my free time.A. 不填, the B. 不填, 不填 C. the, the D. the, 不填13. This song is very popular with _____young.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填\nTheEnd\n结束语谢谢大家聆听!!!29