上海高考C篇高考科技文阅读附祥析 14页

高考科技文阅读高考英语阅读理解专项训练（科技类）(1)Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone(克隆)theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies(物种).That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos(胚胎),semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsreptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.“Thenucleartransfer(核子移植)ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy(havingababy).Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto_______.A.makeeffortstoclonetheendangeredpandasB.saveendangeredanimalsfromdyingoutC.collectDNAofendangeredanimalstostudyD.transferthenuclearofoneanimaltoanother2.AccordingtoProfessorKraemer,themajorproblemincloningpandaswouldbethelackof_______.A.availablepandaeggsB.hostanimalsC.qualifiedresearchersD.enoughmoney3.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_______.A.China’sSuccessinPandasCloning   B.TheFirstClonedPandaintheWorldC.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandasD.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever4.Fromthepassageweknowthat_______.A.KraemerandhisteamhavesucceededincloningadogB.scientiststrytoimplantapanda’seggintoarabbitC.KraemerwillworkwithChinesescientistsincloneresearchesD.abouttwothousandofspecieswillprobablydieoutinacentury【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和TexasA&MUniversity的Noah'sArk(14/14\n诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。1.B。语义理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。2.A。细节题。从第6段第1句话Thenucleartransfer(核子移植)ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem可以做出正确判断。3.C。主旨题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。4.D。判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinesescientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫属。(2)Wantaglanceofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleaboutpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother,andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonnormalsymptoms(症状)arethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(远程诊断)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldata(生理数据)fromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusingpersonaldataassistanceplusamobilephone,itisperfectlypracticaltosendapatient’simportantsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipment,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetorural(countryside)care.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterneed—especiallyafterearthquakes.Onthewhole,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexperts’opinions.Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidth(宽带)isthelimitingfactorforsendingcomplex(复杂的)medicalpicturesaroundtheworld—CTphotosbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthusers.Communicationsatellitesmaybeabletodealwiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakesorwars.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofremotemedicalservice.Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldstartanewtimewhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,experts’opinionsanddiagnosisarecommon.1.Thewriterchieflytalksabout_______.A.theuseoftelemedicineB.theon-lineddoctorsC.medicalcareandtreatmentD.communicationimprovement2.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe_______.A.personaldataassistanceB.somewordsofapatientC.realphysiologicalinformationD.medicalpicturesfromtheInternet3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？A.Patientsdon’tneeddoctorsinhospitalsanymore.B.Itisimpossibletosendapatient’ssignsoverthetelephone.C.Manyteamsusetelemedicinedealingwithdisastersnow.D.Broadbandcommunicationswillbecomecheaperinthefuture.4.The“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat_______.A.bandwidthisn’tbigenoughtosendcomplexmedicalpictures14/14\nB.thesecond-generationofInternethasnotbecomepopularyetC.communicationsatellitescanonlydealwithshort-termneedsD.thereisnotenoughequipmentforspreadingthemedicalcare【答案与解析】本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。1.A。主旨题。第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。2.C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的…remotediagnosis(远程诊断)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldata(生理数据)fromtheactualpatient可以做出正确判断。3.D。判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldstartanewtimewhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,experts’opinionsanddiagnosisarecommon可以肯定答案是D。4.A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话Bandwidth(宽带)isthelimitingfactorforsendingcomplex(复杂)medicalpicturesaroundtheworld—CTphotosbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthusers可知答案为A。(3)ScientistsareuncoveringthesecretsoftwoportcitieslostunderthewatersoftheMediterraneanSea,aresearchersaidyesterday.HerakleionandMenouthiswererichandproudcitiesuntilsomethingreducedthemtorubble(碎石)andburiedtheminthemudbeneath30feetofseawater,FrenchunderwaterexplorerFranckGoddiosaidattheAmericanGeophysicalUnionconference.“Thisisamysterythatisongoing,”saidGoddio,afounderoftheEuropeanInstituteofMarineArcheology,aParis-basedunderwaterresearchorganizationbackedbythewealthyHiltiFoundationofLiechtenstein(列支敦士登基金会).ThedestructionofthetwinportcitieshashauntedGoddioeversincehehappeneduponthesiteabout15milesfromAlexandriawhileexploringsunkenshipsfromNapoleon’sfleet.Goddioandhisgroupofexpertdivers,marinearcheologists(海洋考古学家)andothers,areusinghighpoweredvacuums,satellitenavigationsystemsandsophisticatedsonar(声纳)toexcavate(挖掘)thesunkencitiesfromunderneathacarpetofsiltaboutonemeter(threefeet)high.Wallsofshops,remainsofstreetsandgoldartifactshavebeenfoundandrecovered.Someexpertsbelievethattheportcitiesweredestroyedbyaseriesofmassiveearthquakes,muchlikethequakesscientistsbelievefelledTroy(特洛伊城),Jerichoandotherancientcities.Theuniformdirectionofthecollapsedcolumnsandwallssuggestanearthquake,Goddiosaid,butnofaultlineshavebeenfoundnearby.Otherresearchersbelieveamassivewave,causedbyeitheranoffshoreearthquakeoradistantunderwaterlandslide,couldexplainthecatastrophe.StillothersthinkrisingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecities.“Theargument,asyoucansee,continues,”Goddiosaid.1.ThereasonwhythetwoportcitiesdisappearedunderthewatersofMediterraneanSeaisthat______.A.thetwoportcitiesweredestroyedbyhugeearthquakesB.thedisappearanceofthetwoportcitieswascausedbyunderwaterlandslideC.risingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecitiesD.thestorydidn’ttellusatall2.Fromthestorywecandrawaconclusionthat_______.A.thetwoportcitieswerefamousfortheirwealthandthemysteryB.thetwocitiesbelongedtoFrance14/14\nC.somemysteriouscreaturesfromotherplanetsdestroyedthetwocitiesD.theAmericanGeophysicalUnionconferencewasonceheldinoneofthetwocities3.Thisarticleisprobablyfrom_______.A.ascientificmagazineB.areporttothegovernmentC.aschooltextbookD.ascientificreportinanewspaper(1—3DBD)【答案与解析】本文报道了人们对法国地中海中的两座城市沉如海底的各种推测。1.D。推断题。文章只对城市下沉的原因作了一些推测但未作出结论。由此可推知此题答案为D。2.B。推断题。根据文章中所提到的与之相关的名称，如：FrenchunderwaterexplorerFranckGoddio,aParis-basedunderwaterresearchorganization,Napoleon’sfleet可推知此题答案为B。3.D。推断题。文章讨论地中海中的两座城市下沉的原因，显然与地质科学有关，故选D。注意不宜选A，一个显然的因素是第1段中出现的yesterday。(4)Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarterandmayhelppreventdementia(痴呆)inoldagebybathingthebraininprotectivehormones(荷尔蒙),U.S.reseachersreportedonThursday.Testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies,andtheirbrainsshowchangesthatsuggesttheymaybeprotectedagainstdiseasessuchasAlzheimer’s(早老痴呆症).UniversityofRichmondpsychologyprofessorCraigKinsleybelieveshisfindingswilltranslateintohumans.“Ourresearchshowsthatthehormonesofpregnancy(怀孕)areprotectingthebrain,includingestrogen(雌激素),whichweknowhasmanyneuroprotective(保护神经的)effects,”Kinsleysaid.“It’sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals,”headdedinatelephoneinterview.“Theygothroughpregnancyandhormonalchanges.”KinsleysaidhehopedpublichealthofficialsandresearcherswilllooktoseeifhavinghadchildrenprotectsawomanfromAlzheimer’sandotherformsofage-relatedbraindecline.“Whenpeoplethinkaboutpregnancy,theythinkaboutwhathappenstobabiesandthemotherfromtheneckdown,”saidKinsley,whopresentedhisfindingstotheannualmeetingoftheSocietyofNeuroscienceinOrlando,Florida.“Theydonotrealizethathormonesarewashingonthebrain.Ifyoulookatfemaleanimalswhohavenevergonethroughpregnancy,theyactdifferentlytowardyoung.Butifshegoesthroughpregnancy,shewillsacrificeherlifeforherinfant—thatisagreatchangeinherbehaviorthatshowedingeneticalterations(改变)tothebrain.”1.Howdoscientistsknow“Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarter”?A.Someresearchershavetoldthem.B.Manywomensayso.C.Theyknowitbyexperimentingonrats.D.Theyknowitthroughtheirownexperience.2.Whatdoesthephrase“littersofpups”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Babyrats.B.Animals.C.Oldrats.D.Grown-uprats.3.Whatcanprotectthebrainofawomanaccordingtothepassage?A.Estrogen.B.Thehormonesofpregnancy.C.Moreexercise.D.Takingcareofchildren.4.“It’sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals.”Whatdoesthesentencesuggest?A.Theexperimentsontheratshavenothingtodowithhumans.14/14\nB.Theexperimentsontheratsareveryimportantforanimals.C.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonhumans.D.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonotheranimals.5.Whichtitleisthebestforthispassage?A.DoYouWanttoBeSmarter?B.MotherhoodMakesWomenSmarterC.MysteriousHormonesD.AnImportantStudy【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。1.C。细节题。根据Testsonratsshow…可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。2.A。词义猜测题。后面的对比whohavenobabies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测thosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpups中的littersofpups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。3.B。细节题。根据文章第3段中的…thehormonesofpregnancy(怀孕)areprotectingthebrain可得出答案。4.C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。5.B。主旨题。短文第1句Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarter是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。(5)Togetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwon’tneedabankcard,aPIN(个人识别编号)orevenhavetomoveafinger.Youwillsimplyhavetolookthecashmachinestraightintheeye,declaresNationalCashRegisters,amultinationalcompanythatmakesautomatedtellermachines,orATMs.NCRhasshownitsfirstexamplemachinethatisbelievedtobethefutureofbanking.InsteadofaskingyouforyourPINonascreen,theSuperTeller-Stellaforshort,asksyouorallythroughaloudspeakertolookstraightaheadwhileaninfraredcameraturnstoyourhead,thenyoureye,andfinallytakesaninfraredphotographofyouriris(虹膜).Foridentification(识别)purposes,anirispictureisbetterthanafingerprint,witharound256noticeablecharacteristicscomparedwith40forfingerprints.Thismeansthatthechancesofsomeoneelsebeingrecognizedinyourplaceisabout1in1020.Onceyou’vebeenidentified,Stellagreetsyoubynameandsays:“Wouldyoulikecashorastatement?”Aninfraredportallowsthemachinetosendabankstatementstraighttoyourpocketcomputer.1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.AnewmedicalinstrumentB.Anewtypeoftalkingmachine.C.Anewtypeofcashmachine.D.NationalCashRegister2.Whatisthisnewmachinecalled?A.StellaB.ATMC.PIND.NCR3.Whenyouwanttogetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwill_______.A.needabankcardB.havetoputinyourPINC.moveyourfingerD.justlookdirectlyatthetellermachine【答案解析】本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。1.C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选C。2.A。细节题。根据InsteadofaskingyouforyourPINonascreen,theSuperTeller-Stellaforshort,asksyouorally…及Onceyou’vebeenidentified,Stellagreetsyoubynameandsays…可知答案为A。3.D。细节题。根据Togetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwon’tneedabankcard,aPINorevenhavetomoveafinger.Youwillsimplyhavetolookthecashmachinestraightintheeye,…可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案D。(6)14/14\nWeatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Therearemanystagesinthewatercycle.Rainfallswhenwatervapourincloudscondenses(凝结).Dropsofwaterformandfalltotheground.Thewatersoaksintothegroundandfeedsstreamsandrivers.Alotofrainfallsintothesea.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterinthegroundandintherivers,lakes,andthesea.Itchangestheliquidwaterintowatervapour.Thevapourrisesontotheair.Watervapourisnormallyinvisible.Onaverydamporhumidday,however,youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle(水坑)orpondinamist(薄雾)abovethewater.Watervapouralsogetsintotheairfromlivingthings.Treesandotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.Peopleandlandanimalsdrinkwaterandbreatheoutwatervapour.Inallthesewaysthewaterreturnstotheair.Thereitgatherstoformcloudsandcondensestoformrain.Therainfallstoearth,andthecyclestartsagain.Itcontinuesevenifsnoworhail(冰雹)fallinsteadbecausebotheventuallymelttoformwater.Theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonthetemperature.Theairismoremoist(潮湿)inthetropics(热带)thaninthecoldpolarregions.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.  D.Water,vapour,rain.2.Howmanywaysofthewaterreturningtotheairarediscussedinthetext?A.Two.  B.Three.C.Four.  D.Five.3.Whetherwatervapourcanbeseenornotdependson_______.A.howmuchwaterisevaporatedB.howgoodyoureyesareC.inwhichwaywaterisevaporated   D.climateorweather4.Fromthepassagewegettoknow_______.A.thereismorewatervapourintheairinthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsB.thereismorewatervapourintheairincoldpolarregionthaninthetropicsC.itgetsmoreraininthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsbecausethereislessvapourD.theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonhowoftenitrains【答案与解析】本文阐述了水循环的全过程。1.A。主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.已点明主题。2.B。判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。3.D。语义理解题。从第2段第9句话Onaverydamporhumidday,however,youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle(水坑)orpondinamist(薄雾)abovethewater.可以找到为什么。4.A。判断题。根据最后一句话Theairismoremoist(潮湿)inthetropics(热带)thaninthecoldpolarregions可知答案。(7)Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica,moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous,bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespanvia(通过)medicaltechnology.Willmankindcontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Inlargemeasuretheanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely.Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theansweris14/14\ndefinitelyyes.Theadvancementoftechnologydependsuponresearchanddevelopment,andthelateststatistics(统计)showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtopumpbillionsofdollarsannually(每年)intosuchefforts.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources(少的资源)wemaywellfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprograms.Therefore,inthefinalanalysisthethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinfluencedbytechnology.Whenweneednewskills,ontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Asequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbeinvented.Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThedefinitionoftechnologyB.ModerntechnologyC.TheapplicationoftechnologyD.Thedevelopmentoftechnology2.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Moderntechnologyisthekeytotheimprovementofstandardofliving.B.Thethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinfluencedbytechnology.C.Technologyistheresponsetoourneeds.D.TheUnitedStatesismakinggreateffortstoadvanceitstechnology.3.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanlivealonglifewiththehelpof_______.A.higherqualityoflifeB.medicaltechnologyC.modernfarmingmachineryD.technologicalsubstitute【答案与解析】“科学技术是生产力”是这篇文章的主题。1.B。主旨题。文章的主要笔墨是用在科学技术的作用上，所以答案应选B。2.A。主旨题。文章最后一句Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving就是主题句。3.B。判断题。从文章第2段第2句话…theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely可以肯定答案选B。(8)Spacetravelisdefinitelybadforastronauts’bones,reducingtheirbonedensity(密度)afteronlyamonthofweightlessness,accordingtoFrenchresearchpublishedonFriday.LaurenceVicoandhisfellowworkersatStEtienneUniversitycalledformoreresearchintotheeffectsofmicrogravity,aftertheirstudyof15astronautsfromtheRussianMIRstationshowedbonelosscontinuedthroughoutspaceflights.“Bonelosswasespeciallystrikinginfourastronauts,”thescientistsreportedintheLancetMedicalJournal.Theymeasuredthebonemineraldensity(BMD)ofbonesintheforearm(前臂)andlowerlegoftheastronautswhohadspentonetosixmonthsinspace.TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia(胫骨)ofthelowerleg,aweight-bearingbone,butbarelychangedintheradius(桡骨)oftheforearm.“Ourresultsindicatetheneedtoinvestigatenotonlydifferentbones,butalsodifferentareasofthesamebonesincenotallsitesoftheskeleton(骨架)aresimilarlyaffectedbyspaceconditions,”theyadded.Withoutgravitythebodyisn’tbearinganyweightsothereisnoneedforcalcium(钙)whichmakesbonesstrong,anditbecomesemptyintothebloodstream.Theresearchteamsuggestedinfuturescientistsshouldtrytodetermineifthelossofbonedensitywasonlyonweight-bearingbonesonlongerflights,alsothepossiblerecoveryafterreturningtoEarth.1.FrenchscientistsdidtheirresearchonRussianastronauts,because_______.A.theyonlycaredfortheRussianastronauts14/14\nB.theywerenotinterestedintheirownastronautsC.theRussiangovernmentinvitedthemtodotheirresearchD.theRussianastronautsworkedinspaceforalongtime2.Scientistshavefoundthat_______.A.theBMDlossmaycauseseriousillnesstoastronautsB.theBMDlossmaycausesomechangeinastronauts’bodiesC.astronautsshouldn’tcareabouttheBMDlossD.astronautsshouldtakesomecalciumbeforespacetravel3.WhatcausetheBMDlosstoastronauts,accordingtothispassage?A.Thefoodtheyeatinspace.B.Thedrinkstheytakeinspace.C.Thetemperatureinspace.D.Thegravityinspace.4.Inthethirdparagraph,theword“striking”means______.A.unusualB.simpleC.weakD.slow(1—4DBDA)【答案与解析】本文介绍了法国对太空宇航员长期在太空飞行，会使骨里的密度减少而对骨不利的研究。1.D。细节题。根据文章第4段的定语从句whohadspentonetosixmonthsinspace可推知此题答案为D。2.B。细节题。根据文章第5段第1句TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia(胫骨)ofthelowerleg,aweight-bearingbone可推知此题答案为B。3.D。细节题。根据文章第6段Withoutgravity…所引起的结果，可推知此题答案为D。4.A。词义猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明在整个航行过程中骨损在继续，下文再说especiallystriking，可知是“特别明显”的事，因此选A。(9)Somespidershuntontheground,othersbuildwebstotraptheirfood,butthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoes,damselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreed.AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealand,ithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmeal,andthereisbarelyaripple(波纹)whenitskims(掠过)acrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey.Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.Afterameal,thegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgrooming(修饰)itself.Itwipesitseighteyes,brushesitsantennae(触角),andtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody.Itisthehairsthattraptinybubbles(泡沫)ofairsothatthespidercanrundownablade(叶片)ofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrightened.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdry,evenunderwater.Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermating,sheproducesalargeeggsac(囊),whichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.Oncetheeggsstarttohatch,sheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistle.Shethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweb.1.Howdoesthegrasswaterspiderkillitsprey?A.inawebB.bydrowningC.bypoisoningD.withitsantennae2.thewriterdescribesthespecialspideras“special”because_______.A.itwalksonwaterB.ithaseighteyes　　C.ofitshairyappearanceD.ofthewayitproducesitsyoung3.Thepassagetellsusthatthespider______.14/14\nA.feedsgrassandthistlestoitsyoung.　　　　B.livesonbladesofgrassunderthewaterC.livesinthegrassonthebanksofstreams　　D.eatsamealonceeveryfiveweeks4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.convincereadersthatspidersaredangerous　　B.indicatethatthegrasswaterspiderisendangeredC.listallofthespidersthatcanbefoundinNewZealandD.describethecharacteristicsofthegrasswaterspider(1—4BACD)【答案与解析】本文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。1.B。细节题。根据文章第4段描述bypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.可推知此题答案为B。2.A。细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句byrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.可推知此题答案为A。3.C。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreams可推知此题答案为C。4.D。主旨题。主文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征，所以选D。(10)Perhapsthemostfamoustheory,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.Hebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammed.Inotherwords,welearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.Ababyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.Ababy,accordingtoBirdwhistell,learnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalike,newEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics(遗传学).Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirth,itislearnedafter.Infact,thefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formany,thiscanbewellintogrown-ups.Ahusbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalike.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,theSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmileless,andinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendly,partlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlanta.Georgia.PeopleinAtlanta,Georgia.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherinpubliclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.1.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance_______.A.haslittletodowithcultureB.hasmuchtodowithcultureC.iseverchangingD.isdifferentfromplacetoplace2.Accordingtothepassage,thefinalmouthshapeisformed_______.A.beforebirthB.assoonasone’steetharenewlysetC.sometimeafternewteetharesetD.around15yearsold3.RayBirdwhistellcantellwhatareaoftheUnitedStatesapersonisfromby_______.A.howmuchheorshelaughsB.howheorsheraiseshisorhereyebrowsC.whatheorshelikesbestD.thewayheorshetalks14/14\n4.Thispassagemighthavebeentakenoutofabookdealingwith________.A.physicsB.chemistryC.biologyD.noneoftheabove(1—4BCAD)【答案与解析】本文介绍了人的面目不是生来注定，而是后天习得的理论。1.B。细节题。根据文章第2句physicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammed可推知此题答案为B。2.C。细节题。根据文章中间的句子thefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset可推知此题答案为C。3.A。推断题。根据文章末尾部分对各个地方人笑的多少的归纳可推知此题答案为A。4.D。推断题。根据文章的内容与选项的比较，发现选项A、B、C与文章内容毫无关系，从而可推知此题答案为D。四、其他地区高考科技阅读科技前沿ANALYZE【专题介绍】 反映科技前沿内容的说明文一般来说主要介绍人工智能产品和其他的高科技产品，展示这类产品给生活带来的便利以及可能给我们的生活带来的变化。这类文章的选材一般力求新颖，符合学生探究新事物的心理，对学生创造性思维的培养具有一定的启迪作用。热点题材有: 1．介绍人工智能产品。如蛇形机器人的研究和应用(山东2006E篇)； 2．介绍其他高科技产品或者项目。如2005年浙江卷的D篇介绍一种新型的智能触摸屏装置；2007年山东卷的E篇介绍了一种新型的应用高科技来监督孩子们锻炼身体的减肥运动鞋；而2008年江西卷的E篇则是对太空旅馆的介绍。【应考策略】 这类文章的体裁主要为科普说明文。高考对科普说明文的考查是阅读理解的重要考点，也是难点。科普说明文着重揭示自然界的潜在奥秘、生物生存背景和产品工艺原理，多含解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此阅读科普说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。【高考范例】 Mostpeople,whentheytraveltospace,wouldliketostayinorbitforafewdaysormore.Andthisstandstoreason,ifyou’repaying$20,000foryourtriptoorbit!Soinorderfortourismtoreachitsfullpotentialthere’sgoingtobeaneedfororbitalaccommodation—orspacehotels.Whatwouldaspacehotelactuallybeliketovisit?Hotelsinorbitwilloffertheservicesyouexpectfromahotel—privaterooms,meals,bars.Butthey’llalsooffertwouniqueexperiences:impressiveviews—ofEarthandspace—andtheendlessentertainmentoflivinginzero14/14\ngravity—includingsportsandotheractivitiesthatmakeuseofthis. Thehotelsthemselveswillvarygreatly—frombeingquitesimpleintheearlydaystohugeluxurystructuresatalaterdate.It’sactuallysurprisingthataslateas1997,veryfewdesignsforspacehotelswerepublished.Thisismainlybecausethosewhomightbeexpectedtodesignthemhaven’texpectedlaunchcoststocomedownfarenoughtomakethempossible.    Lotsofpeoplewho’vebeentospacehavedescribedvividlywhatit’sliketoliveinzerogravity.Thereareobviouslyallsortsofpossibilitiesfordancing,gymnastics,andzero-Gsports.Luckily,youdon’tneedtosleepmuchlivinginzerogravity,soyou’llhaveplentyoftimeforrelaxingbyhangingoutinabarwithawindowlookingdownattheturningEarthbelow.    Ofcourseallgoodthingshavecometoanend,unfortunately.Andsoafterafewdaysyou’llfindyourselfheadingbackthoughyou’llbemuchmoreexpertatexercisinginzerogravitythanyouwerewhenyouarrived.You’llbethinkinghowsoonyoucansaveupenoughtogetbackupagain—ormaybeyoushouldchangejobstogettoworkinanorbitinghotel.1.Whentravelinginspace,mostpeoplewouldliketostayinorbitforafewdaysbecause_____.A.itisexpensivetotravelinspaceB.theywouldfindthepossiblelifeinotherstarsystemsC.theycouldenjoytheluxuryofspacehotelsD.theywanttorealizethefullpotentialoftourism2.Whichofthefollowingisauniqueexperiencethatspacehotelswilloffer?A.Thegravitationalpull.    B.Thespecialviews.C.Therelaxationinabar.   D.Thespacewalk.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?A.Whenwasthespacetravelingmadepossible?B.Whataretheuniqueexperiencesthatspacehotelswilloffer?C.Whyweretherenotmanypublisheddesignsforspacehotels?D.Howcanthetravelersenjoythemselvesinspacehotels?4.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.travelinginspaceB.thewaysoflivinginspacehotelsC.zerogravityandspace14/14\nhotelsD.thedescriptionofspacehotels(江西2008)【阅读赏析】 本文的题材较为独特——太空旅馆。第一段介绍了建立太空旅馆的必要性及其特点；第二段介绍了太空旅馆的发展；第三段介绍在太空旅馆中的娱乐活动和生活体验；最后一段说明从太空返回后的感受。【答案解析】1.A。第一段开头告诉我们大多数人想在太空多逗留几日是合乎情理的(Andthisstandstoreason)，因为毕竟太空旅行的费用很高。故选A。2.B。由第一段可知除了通常的旅馆中的设施外，太空旅馆的独特体验在于观赏美景（impressiveviews）和进行失重条件下的娱乐活动(entertainmentoflivinginzerogravity)。故选B。3.A。第一段最后一句介绍太空旅馆的独特之处，排除B；第二段最后一句叙述太空旅馆设计不多的原因，排除C；第三段叙述在太空旅馆可以如何从事休闲娱乐，排除D。唯独没有提及A项的内容。4.D。本文并没有讲述太空旅行的方方面面，而是聚焦于对太空旅馆的详细介绍，故选D。PRACTICE 阅读下列短文，从每题所给出的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion,youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbio-technology(生物技术).Withthehelpofnewmedicine,thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today’sleadingkillers,suchasheartdisease,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemories. Indiscussionoftechnologicalchanges,theInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive?Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cells(细胞)arethebasicunitsofalllivingthings,anduntilrecently,scientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyond120yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcells,suchasthoseofbraincells,wouldnotlastforever.Buttheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynewmedicine.Sometimebetween2050and2100,medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorso,peoplewillbeabletotakemedicinetorepairtheirorgans(器官).Themedicine,madeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflife,willbuildnewbraincells,heartcells,andsoon—inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofold14/14\nones. Itisexcitingtoimaginethattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistence,butmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuture.1.Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby_____.A.diseasesandaging   B.accidentsandwarC.accidentsandaging    D.heartdiseaseandwar2.Intheauthor’sopinion,today’smostimportantadvanceintechnologyliesin_____.A.medicine         B.theInternet    C.braincells        D.humanorgans3.Humansmaylivelongerinthefuturebecause_____.A.heartdiseasewillbefarawayfromusB.humanbrainscandecidethefinaldeathC.thebasicmaterialsofcellswilllastforeverD.humanorganscanberepairedbynewmedicine4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____.A.humanlifewillnotlastmorethan120yearsinthefutureB.humanshavetotakemedicinetobuildnewskincellsnowC.muchneedstobedonebeforehumanscanhavealongerlifeD.wehavealreadysolvedthetechnicalproblemsinbuildingnewcells(辽宁2007)B Ifyouownacarinabigcity,chancesarethatyourcarradiohasalreadybeenstolen,orsoonwillbe.Maybeeventhecaritself.ThetheftofcarradioandcaritselfisacommoncrimeintheUnitedStates:morethan1millioncarsandmanymoreradiosarepilferedeveryyear—andthenumbersarerising.Traditionalcaralarms,withthewailingsirens(尖啸报警器),simplyaren’taneffectivedevicebecauseaprofessionalthiefcanstealacarorradioinseconds,longbeforecarownersorpolicerespondtoanalarm. Tohelpsolvetheproblem,aStockholmcompany,Ultrapro,hasdevelopedwhatiscalledanalmostfoolproofantitheftsystem.Theproductisdesignedtopreventthewould-bethievesfrombreakingintocars,butitalsoincludesashockingsurpriseforthosewhodothat.Thesystem,whichwastestedforayear,isbothmechanical14/14\n(机械的)andelectricalinitsoperation.Itslockscannotopenfromtheoutside.Athiefmusteitheruseheavytoolstopry(撬)openadoor,whichtakesprecioustimeandwouldbeobvioustopassers-byorpolice,orsmashawindowandclimbinside. Ifathiefshouldsmashawindoworpryopenacardoor,hewillbethecenterofattention,becausethecarhornwillbeginblaring(发出响而刺耳的声音)anditslightsflashing.Ifhegoeson,andsitsdownonthefrontseat,anunseenthreatiswaiting—a9,000voltelectricshockintheseatofhispants.Theshockwillnotseriouslyharmthethiefbutshouldfrightenhimtoleaveatonce.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“pilfered”couldbebestreplacedby“_____”.A.damaged       B.stolen    C.licensed      D.changed2.Whyisthetraditionalalarmnotaneffectivedeviceagainstthieves?A.Thievesarenotafraidofthewailingsiren.B.Thesirendoesnotuseelectricshock.C.Carscanbestolenbeforetheownerscanrespondtoanalarm.D.Anadvancedantitheftsystemhasbeendesignedtoreplacethealarm.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwillthe9,000voltelectricshockdo?A.Itwillseriouslyhurtthepersonwhositsdownonthefrontseat.B.Itwillcausefiretofrightenthethief.C.Itwillbringnoseriousharmtothethiefbutfrightenhimaway.D.Itwillkeepthewould-bethieffrombreakingthewindow.4.AthiefwillprobablydoanyofthefollowinginstealingacarEXCEPT_____.A.blarethecarhorn    B.climbintothecarC.smashthecarwindow   D.pryopenthecardoorA1-4AADC    B1-4BCCA14/14