高三英语高考集训营-高考完形填空备考 32页

高三英语高考集训营完形填空备考须知一、完形填空考纲解读完形填空是一种测试考生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型，是高难度的障碍性阅读试题，它能够比较客观地反映考生的识词能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑能力和分析判断能力，尤其是对于语言知识(languageknowledge)的综合运用能力和建立在此基础上的策略能力(strategiccompetence)。完形填空题分值高(30分，占整个卷面的1/5)、难度大、区分度强，是考生在分数上最容易“拉开距离”的一项。解题过程中，既要求考生熟练运用所掌握的词汇(词义、用法、搭配)及语法知识(knowledgeofvocabularyandsyntax)，又要求他们具备较强的阅读能力，具备相应的篇章知识(textualknowledge)，能够通过上下文线索通篇考虑，并且结合个人所具备的常识(包括话题及功能等方面的背景知识)以及逻辑推理学等与语言运用相关的经验做出判断和最佳选择。近年来，完形填空题有了新的变化：在题材和体裁上，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际，从记叙文向议论文、说明文和缺少故事情节的文章转化；在选题设计上，单纯考查语法知识和词汇知识的试题几乎不复存在，大多数选项在答题时要考虑到设空句以外的其他句、段，甚至全文的内容，考题的四个选项一般都是同一范畴的词或短语，常是近义词(组)或同义词(组)，在语法和词语搭配上往往都是无懈可击，单从其所处的句子或短语而言难以取舍，需要结合具体的上下文语言环境找出一个最佳答案。20个小题设空和选项的设计充分体现语言知识运用的特征，考查点大都集中在实词上，尤其是动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等，这些词的本身具有时间、地点、人物、动作、感情等意义，而虚词，如冠词、连词、介词等则占比例较小。二、完形填空命题思路了解高考完形填空题的设计思路和命题特点对于考生顺利完成试题有着重要的指导意义。现行的《全国统一考试英语科说明》对做完形填空题的要求是“……在所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。”这个要求反映了该题型的主要优点在于它能够多层次，全方位地考查学生综合语言知识的水平。因此，这一题型涉及知识面广，综合性强，覆盖面广，它不仅能真实地反映出考生的语言知识水平，而且还能反映出考生的理解能力，逻辑推理能力以及综合运用语言、驾驭语言知识的能力。权威统计的数据表明，在普通高考英语科(NMET考试)中，完形填空题的失分几乎达到60%，成为考生感到最难的题目之一。完形填空题的设计要求从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，能使短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整，答题时需要根据词汇的意义和用法，词语搭配和惯用法，词语辨析，行文逻辑等通篇考虑，掌握大意，精密思考。设计完形填空题时，要尽可能多设一些需联系上下文才能得出答案的问题。如果在句子范围内就能找到答案，就失去了语境的意义而不成其为完形填空了。因此，高考完形填空题一般具有如下设计思路和命题特点：(1)加强在分析语境的过程中对逻辑意义理解能力的考查。纵观近几年的高考完形填空题，不难发现完形填空题对上下文语境理解的考查题几乎占整个题型的一半。据统计，1995年和l996年考查这类能力的测试题分别为11题和9题。这足以说明此类题在完形填空题中所占的比重。(2)对常用习语搭配和惯用法的掌握程度的考查。这些重要的短语也是放在短文中的语境中去考查。(3)对句式结构或句型的语言分析能力的考查，特别是复杂的句式结构的分析理解。\n(4)对在具体语境中词汇的意义与用法的考查。有些小题，仅读懂了全文还不能确定答案，还要准确掌握词汇的意义和熟练掌握词汇的用法。尤其是对词汇的意义，其内涵、外延、褒贬、修辞色彩等都要有所了解和积累，要善于在具体的语境中分辨词汇的具体意义，切忌望文生义。(5)对通篇理解、全方位思考问题的能力的考查。这主要包括两个方面：a.提示在前。有时候根据小题本身不能确定答案，似乎几个选项都可以。其实，正确的答案在上文已有信息提示。b.提示在后。还有一些题目需要根据上下文的暗示才能确定答案。这种暗示有时是直接的，即直接出现正确选项的单词；有时是间接的，考生要根据内容来推断正确的答案。三、完形填空趋势预测从近几年高考完形填空的命题特点看，题材不断变化，曾经考过的题材大致可分为五大类：l．记叙文；2．人物故事；3.夹叙夹议类；4．说明文；5．议论文。在这儿，我们不妨大胆预测一下今后全国及各地高考完形填空的情况：1．题材方面：很可能以记叙为主，中间可能或加进少量的说明和议论，即使是单纯记叙性的文章，大家也应该把握好作者想传达的旨意。考查说明文的可能性也有，但除了上海高考题，其他地区的高考题考查议论文的可能性不大。2．难度方面：各省各地区的高考完形填空，难度仍旧会有一定差别，但最难不会超过2003年和2004年全国高考完形填空的难度。最低难度应和2006年全国高考第一套卷完形填空的难度相当，至少不会低于这个难度。四、完形填空的训练重点第一，掌握词汇的含义及其用法。完形填空要求学生能根据特定的语言环境，对词汇（特别是一些同义词或近义词)的含义及用法进行区分。第二，掌握惯用法及词语搭配。要做好这方面的题目，需要靠平时有良好的学习习惯，在学习中注意对基础知识有效识记，牢固掌握。第三，掌握语法知识。语法包括高中阶段所学的所有语法项目，虽然完形填空题的主要目的不再是考查语法知识，但牢固地掌握语法知识，对于学生对语篇的理解和把握有很大的好处。语法是语言的基本框架结构，切不可忽视。第四，掌握生活中的一些常识问题。比如有重大意义的历史事件的时间、地点、人物等，这些考查的是考生的综合素质。平时注意多积累，答题时才会得心应手。最后，培养纵观全文、前后联系、逻辑推理的能力。所要选择的词语都处在短文所提供的语言背景下，所以联系上下文是解题的关键。完形填空（一）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iranintoastrangerashepassedby.“I’msosorry!”wasmyreply.Thenhesaid,“Excusemetoo...Iwasn’t1watchingforyou.”Wewereverypolite,thisstrangerandI.Thenwewent__2ourwayaftersayinggoodbye.Butat3,adifferentstoryistold.Howdowetreatourlovedones,youngandold?Laterinthekitchen,asI4ourmeal,mydaughterwalkeduptome,verystill.WhenIturned,I__5_knockedherdown.“Getoutoftheway!”Ishoutedwithafrown(皱眉).Shesteppedawaysilently,withherlittleheart6.Ididn’trealizehowharshly(苛刻地)Ihadspoken.Thatnight,whenIlay7inbed,God’squietvoicespoketomeandsaid,“While8withastranger,youarecalmandpolite,butwiththoseyoulove,youareQUICKtoexcite...Golookaroundonthekitchenfloor,you’llfindsomeflowerstherebythe9.Thosearetheflowersshebroughtforyou.She10themherself—pink,yellow,andyourfavoriteblue.She\nstoodtherequietlynottospoilthesurprise,andyouneversawthe11inhereyes.”Bythistime,Ifeltsadandsmallandnowmyowntearshadbeguntofall.Iquietlywentandkneltbyher12:“Wakeup,mydear,”Isaid,“Arethesetheflowersyoupickedforme?”Shesmiled,“Ifoundthemoutbythetree.I13theminanapkin,justforyou.Iknewyou’dlikethem,especiallythe14.”Isaid,“IamsosorrythatImissedthemtoday...AndI15havefussedatyouthatway.”Andshewhispered,“Mommy,that’sokay...Istillloveyou16.”Ihuggedherandsaid,“Iloveyou,tooandILOVEtheflowers.”Doyouknowthat:ifyoudietomorrow,the17youareworkingforcouldeasilyreplaceyouinamatterofdays.Butthefamilyyouleave18willfeelthelossfortherestoftheirlives.Andcometothinkofit,wepourourselvesmoreintoour19thanintoourfamilies—anunwiseinvestment(投资)indeed.Rememberthat20=(F)ATHER—(A)ND—(M)OTHER—(I)—(L)OVE—(Y)OU.1.A.everB.evenC.justD.right2.A.toB.inC.onD.for3.A.schoolB.workC.homeD.office4.A.cookedB.hadC.ateD.took5.A.alreadyB.hardlyC.rudelyD.nearly6.A.lostB.missedC.beatenD.broken7.A.asleepB.awakeC.afraidD.alive8.A.dealingB.meetingC.goingD.talking9.A.floorB.kitchenC.windowD.door10.A.grewB.boughtC.pickedD.fetched11.A.tearsB.expressionsC.smilesD.joy12.A.deskB.bedC.bodyD.knees13.A.wrappedB.coveredC.putD.help14.A.pinkB.yellowC.blueD.black15.A.needn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.can’t16.A.indeedB.besidesC.anythingD.anyway17.A.companyB.countryC.placeD.state18.A.forB.withC.behindD.to19.A.strangerB.lossC.mealD.work20.A.RESPECTB.WARMTHC.FAMILYD.FRIEND参考答案1-5BCCAD6-10DBADC11-15ABACB16-20DACDC完形填空（二）OnahotsummerdayinlastAugust,IsoughtshadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcafeonaGreekisland.Overahundreddegreesin1air.Crowded.Tempers(脾气)ofboththetouristsandwaitershad2tomeetthesituation,makingitaratherquarrelsomeenvironment(环境).Atthetablenexttominesatanattractive3couple,waitingfor4.Theyheldhands,whispered,kissed,andlaughed.Suddenlytheystood,pickeduptheir5andsteppedtogether6theedgeofwheretheyweresittingtoplacethetableintheseawater.Themanstepped7forthetwochairs.Hepolitely8hisladyintheknee-deepwaterandthensatdownhimself.Allpeoplearoundlaughedandcheered.___9___appeared.Hepausedforjustasecond,walkedintothewaterto10thetableand\ntaketheir11,andthenwalkedbacktothe12cheersoftherestofhis13.Minuteslaterhereturnedcarryingabottleofwineandtwoglasses.Withoutpausing,hewent14intothewaterto15thewine.Thecoupletoasted(祝酒)eachother,thewaiterandthecrowd.Andthecrowd16bycheeringandthrowingflowerstothem.Threeothertables17tohavelunchinthewater.Theplacewasnowfilledwithlaughter.Onedoesn’tstepintowaterinone’sbestsummerclothes.Whynot?Customersarenotserved18.Whynot?Sometimesoneshouldconsider19thelineofconvention(常规)andenjoy20tothefullest.1.A.freshB.coolC.stillD.thin2.A.managedB.expectedC.attemptedD.risen3.A.lonelyB.curiousC.well-dressedD.bad-tempered4.A.cheersB.serviceC.attentionD.flowers5.A.metaltableB.emptybottleC.chairsD.bags6.A.onB.offC.aroundD.along7.A.outsideB.forwardC.downD.back8.A.ledB.seatedC.watchedD.received9.A.ThemanagerB.AfriendC.AwaiterD.Theservant10.A.setB.washC.removeD.check11.A.menuB.billC.foodD.order12.A.loudB.anxiousC.familiarD.final13.A.touristsB.customersC.fellowsD.assistants14.A.atlastB.intimeC.oncemoreD.aswell15.A.changeB.drinkC.sellD.serve16.A.repliedB.insistedC.agreedD.understood17.A.preparedB.joinedinC.settledupD.continued18.A.withpleasureB.inthecafeC.intotheseaD.withwine19.A.followingB.keepingC.limitingD.crossing20.A.lifeB.wineC.lunchD.time参考答案1-5CDCBA6-10BDBCA11-15DABCD16-20ABCDA一中经典试题选编完形填空（三）Oursonsufferedfromastomachache.He’dcryinpainandgoonandoffforhours.Wetriedeverythingto36himbutitwasofnouse.Once,hewassittinginhismother’slap,justabouttocry.Ihadathought,“Let’s37themoment.”Thatisstilltheonlyphototakenofmysonwhenhewas38.Thephotoofhimwithfrowns(皱眉)39inaseaofphotosofsmiles.Our40isn’tdifferentfromotherfamilyalbumsI’veseen.Thefacesmaychange,butthe41isthesame:“Happy!”I’mnotsurehowmuchofa(n)42dayisspentsmiling.I43myselfluckyifmorethan20minutesofmywakinghoursare44tosmiling,includingforced,frozenandaccidentalsmilestoo.Yearsago,IwassenttodoastoryatDisneyland.Irememberedaparkemployeetellingalong-standingWaltDisneystory.Inthis45story,Waltcame46aparkemployeewhodidn’tseem\nhappyenough.SoWaltfiredhim.47,IadmireWalt.Hewasrunningabusinessonthe48thateveryoneintheparkbehappy.Waltandhissuccessorshavemadelotsofmoneyoutofit.Theyskillfully49oneofman’sgreatestfears:thefearofappearing50.Mostpeopleliveinconstantfearthatsomeonewillnoticea51oftheirsufferinganddiscomfort,nomatterhowbigorsmall.52,there’ssomethinglostinthemadquest(追求)forwhatseemsalwayshappy.That’sthehumanity53infrownsandsadness.Whoknowswhatmysonwillmakeofhisunhappy54manyyearslater.Idohopeittellshimthereare55shed(流出)aschildrengrow.And,intheend,everythingwillbeallright.Andthat’ssomethingtosmileabout.36.A.stopB.calmC.exciteD.delight37.A.keepB.remainC.passD.take38.A.youngB.upsetC.stillD.delighted39.A.looksoutB.bringsoutC.makesoutD.standsout40.A.belongingB.objectC.collectionD.favorite41.A.subjectB.topicC.titleD.moment42.A.commonB.regularC.specialD.average43.A.regardB.considerC.makeD.leave44.A.spentB.usedC.devotedD.provided45.A.particularB.dullC.funnyD.boring46.A.upB.overC.upwithD.across47.A.PersonallyB.GenerallyC.LuckilyD.Happily48.A.beliefB.desireC.senseD.rule49.A.setoffB.putdownC.holdbackD.keepout50.A.poorB.nervousC.unhappyD.lonely51.A.signB.feelingC.markD.scene52.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Besides53.A.lostB.hiddenC.gotD.contained54.A.photoB.lifeC.experienceD.parents55.A.flowersB.tearsC.dangersD.dreams36-40BABDC41-45ADBCA46-50DABCC51-55ABDAB完形填空（四）Mother—MybelovedforeverCominghomefromschoolthatdarkwinterdaysolongago,Iwasfilledwithexcitementofhavingtheweekendoff.ButIwas____36____intostillnessbywhatIsaw.Mother,seatedatthefarendofthesofa,37,withthesecond-handgreentypewriteronthetable.Shetoldmethatshecouldn’ttypefastandthenshewasoutofwork.MyshockandembarrassmentatfindingMotherintearswasaperfectproofofhow38Iunderstoodthepressuresonher.Sitting___39heronthesofa,Ibeganveryslowlytounderstand.“Iguessweallhaveto40sometime,”Mothersaidquietly.Icould41herpainandthetension（压力）of42thestrongfeelingsthatwereinterruptedbymyarrival.Suddenly,somethinginsideme43.Ireachedoutandputmyarmsaroundher.Shebrokethen.Sheputherface44myshoulderandsobbed.Iheldher45and\ndidn’ttrytotalk.IknewIwasdoingwhatIshould,whatIcouldand46itwasenough.Inthatmoment,feelingMother’s47withfeelings,Iunderstoodforthefirsttimeherbeingsoeasyto48.Shewasstillmymother,howevershewassomething49:apersonlikeme,capableoffearand50andfailure.Icouldfeelherpainasshemusthavefelt51onathousandoccasions（场合）whenIsought52inherarms.AweeklaterMothertookajobsellingdrygoodsathalfthesalarytheradiostation53.“It’sajobIcando,though”shesaidsimply.Buttheeveningpracticeontheoldgreentypewritercontinued.Ihadavery54feelingnowwhenIpassedherdooratnightandheardhertappingaway____55thepaper.Iknewtherewassomethingmoregoingonintherethanawomanlearningtotype.Andthiswastheunforgettablememoryforallmylife!36.A.tiredB.ashamedC.lazyD.shocked37.A.cryingB.smilingC.thinkingD.whispering38.A.eagerlyB.worriedlyC.littleD.much39.A.behindB.besideC.uponD.down40.A.failB.winC.fallsickD.givein41.A.studyB.watchC.senseD.recognize42.A.holdingbackB.puttingawayC.sittingupD.stoppingfrom43.A.litupB.cametrueC.turnedD.increased44.A.toB.upC.throughD.against45.A.tightlyB.closedlyC.nearD.politely46.A.thatB.yetC.soD.much47.A.handB.faceC.hairD.back48.A.contentB.breakC.fallD.understand49.A.moreB.muchC.littleD.huge50.A.woundB.defeatC.cutD.hurt51.A.itsB.mineC.hersD.ours52.A.kindnessB.memoryC.comfortD.support53.A.suppliedB.offeredC.paidforD.contributed54.A.differentB.hardC.pleasantD.serious55.A.offB.acrossC.outD.through36-40DACBA41-45CACDA46-50ADBAD51-55BCBAB完形填空（五）Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheirchildren.Andtheymusthave___16____howdifficultitistowritea____17____children’sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedtoo____18____,sothatthechildrencan’tfollowwhatisinhis(ormoreoften,her)story,____19___thestoryseemstobetalkingtothereaders.Thebestchildren’sbooksare___20___verydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththe___21___whohearsthestoryandtheadultwho___22___it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact___23___bookslikethis,___24___theproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot___25___tosolve.Thismaybewhymanyofthebooksregardedas___26___ofchildren’sliteratureareinfactwrittenfor___27___.“Alice’sAdventureinWonderland”isperhapsthemost___28___ofsuchbooks.\nChildren,leftforthemselves,often___29___theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinabookshopor___30___andhewill___31___willinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginativeway,orhavealookatmostchildren’scomics,fullofthestoriesandjokeswhicharethe____32____ofteachersandright-thinkingparents.Perhapsweparentsshouldstoptryingtobrainwashchildreninto___33___ourtasteinliterature.Afterall,childrenandadultsareso___34___thatweparentsshouldnotexpectthattheywillenjoythe____35____books.SoIsupposewe’lljusthavetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.16.A.hopedB.realizedC.toldD.said17.A.shortB.longC.badD.good18.A.easyB.shortC.highD.difficult19.A.andB.butC.orD.so20.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.very21.A.childB.fatherC.motherD.teacher22.A.hearsB.buysC.understandsD.reads23.A.fewB.manyC.agreatdealofD.agreatnumberof24.A.butB.howeverC.soD.because25.A.hardB.easyC.enoughD.fast26.A.articlesB.workC.artsD.works27.A.grown-upsB.girlsC.boysD.children28.A.difficultB.hiddenC.obviousD.easy29.A.areB.showC.findD.add30.A.schoolB.homeC.officeD.library31.A.moreB.lessC.ableD.be32.A.lovingnessB.interestsC.objectionsD.readings33.A.receivingB.acceptingC.havingD.refusing34.A.sameB.friendlyC.differentD.common35.A.commonB.averageC.differentD.same16-20BDCCB21-25ADACB26-30DACBD31-35ACBCD阅读理解的命题思路高考阅读理解连续多年以“重读速、重语篇、重能力”为指导思想，保持着有5篇文章组成的大容量。文章题材广泛，体裁多样，选材更趋现代化、生活化，突出实用性，内容涉及科普、社会、语言学习、兴趣与爱好、旅游广告等方面，侧重考查考生对语篇的整体理解，着重考查考生的归纳概括能力、推理判断能力、获取细节信息能力以及根据上下文猜测词义的能力。如何破解阅读理解题干扰项一、正确选项的特点正确选项往往是命题人把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。设置正确选项的一个常用方法就是同义替换或释义(paraphrase)，即把文中语言改头换面，运用与原文不同的结构、不同的词汇，来表达相同或类似的意思。一般来说，设置正确答案项有以下几种方法：1.正确选项使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；2.正确选项使用原文词句的反义词或结构；3.正确选项常常是对原文词句或段落的归纳、推理或演绎；\n4.正确选项常常是对原文生词或长难句的解释；5.正确选项多根据原文的上下文进行替代或概括，如用动物可以代替狗、狮子、老虎等，科学可以代替计算机、航天、发明、电子等。二、干扰项的特点1.主观臆断主观臆断也叫无中生有，指选项中所说的内容在文章中未提及，也不能从原文中推断出来。而且干扰项往往是生活基本常识或普遍接受的观点，本身是正确的，但是与问题的设问毫不相干。所以在答题时，考生一定注意问题中有没有类似“intheauthor’sopinion”或“accordingtothepassage”的限定语。考生要仔细检查所给选项的内容是否能在原文中找到依据，或者是否能根据原文内容合理地推断出来。切记不要不顾文章的内容，而根据自己的生活常识或个人经验猜测作者的想法。2.偷梁换柱干扰项用了与原文中相似的句子结构和大部分相同的词汇，只是在不起眼的地方换了几个词汇，造成句子意思的完全改变。所以，考生在做题时，一定要仔细，不仅要看大意，更要看细节。3.以偏概全以偏概全式陷阱主要在对人、物的总体评价和对概念外延的准确把握上，常常以阶段代替全过程、以部分代替整体、以个别现象代替普遍现象、以片面地或次要的观点代替全面或主要的观点，以致对人、物及事件的评价十分片面。文章中心思想或段落大意及给文章加标题类的题目，常常会出现以偏概全的干扰项。4.张冠李戴指命题人在解释概念或转述大意时，故意弄错对象，迷惑考生，使考生误入歧途。主要表现在把一个事物的特征说成是另一个事物的特征，把他人的观点说成是作者的观点，把作者观点的反面说成是作者的观点，把因说成果或把果说成因。所以，考生在阅读文章时，一定要注意文章叙述的对象，最好用特殊符号在原文标记，在做题时，应该看是否存在信息错误对接的现象，尤其要看题干的主语、谓语与原文是否一致。5.望文生义此干扰方法常用于词汇、短语或句子理解题的选项中，被测试的单词、短语或句子的实际（深层）含义和表面上的意思有很大不同。出题人经常用表面意思作为干扰项。这个时候一定要结合文章当中的具体语言环境来判断题干的实际含义而不是望文生义。6.鱼目混珠此种干扰法常用于理解文章有关细节的备选选项中，即选项中表达的意思部分正确，部分错误，错误只是局部有误。7.扩缩范围英语文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually,completely,entirely,absolutely等词对文章加以限制，扩缩范围干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致考生误选。实战练习2006四川卷B篇   WelcometoOntarioParks,anewbodysetuptomanageOntario’smosttreasuredspecialplaces,theparksinourarea.   WeareenteringaveryexcitingyearforOntarioParks.Lastseasonweaskedsome15,000visitorsin45parkshowwecouldimproveourprogramsandservices.Wealsolookedatthethousandsofcommentcardswereceived.Asaresult,newcomfortstationshavebeenadded,the\nnumberofcampsiteshasbeenincreased,andwe’vemadeotherfacility（设施）improvements.Inaddition,we’llbeprovidingmoreeducationalprograms.Thisyear,forexample,morethan40parkswillofferspecialdayandeveningactivitiestoexciteyourcuriosityaboutnatureandhistory.   ThroughtheInternet,you’llbehappytoknowthatyoucannowexploreall270parksonline.Letyourfamilyplanyourparkvacation,studyamapofcanoeroutes,listentothecallofaloonorfindup-to-dateinformationaboutprograms,servicesandfacilities.   SocomeanddiscoverwhatOntarioParkshastooffer.Ourparksareplacestogowithfamiliesandfriends,forrelaxationandfun,orsimplytogetawayfromitall.Theyareplaceswherewecanenrichoursoulsand“rechargeourinternal（内部的）batteries”.Theyprovidechancestoexplorenature,seewildlife,swim,canoe,camp,hike,picnic,rideabike…You’llenjoysomeofthebestoutdoorexperiencesavailableanywhereintheworld.   Weurgeyoutomake2006theyearthatyoucomeoutandhaveanOntarioParksexperience!59.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthetextisto ______.   A.tellmorepeopletheimprovementsinOntarioParks   B.attractmorepeopletoexploretheparksonline   C.praisethebeautyofnatureinOntarioParks   D.havemorepeoplevisittheparks60.ThefacilityimprovementsofOntarioParksinclude ______.   A.newprogramsandservices   B.newcomfortstationsandcampsites   C.comfortstationsandspecialactivities   D.newcampsitesandeducationalprograms61.Fromparagraph4,weknowthatOntarioParksoffersvisitors ______.   A.theworld’snewsportsandgames   B.themostexcitingadventuresintheworld   C.manychoicestorelaxandrefreshthemselves   D.chancestoexperiencealltheoutdooractivities62.Accordingtothetext,wecansafelysaythat ______.   A.somevisitorssuggestedmorecampsites   B.about15,000peoplevisited45parkslastseason   C.manymorepeoplewillvisitOntarioParksin2006   D.themanagerofOntarioParksworriestheywillhavefewervisitors2006陕西卷D篇Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty（贫穷）isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployedpeoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.54.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirneeds”mostprobablymeans_________.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering如果做题时能够把握干扰项的特点，准确捕捉选项的错误信息点，或不合题目要求的信息点，必将起到事半功倍的作用，提高理解的准确率。因此，只有通过平时多练习，勤思考才能循序渐进地提高自己的阅读能力。\n英语复习中，大家很容易忽略的一个捷径就是通过分析历年真题来提高阅读质量。在做英语阅读部分时，不仅需要阅读技巧，同时也需要了解各类题型的命题规律以及掌握一些有效的答题技巧。请大家注意到考纲里关于阅读的要求：　　考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），包括信函、书刊和杂志上的文章，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。根据所读材料，考生应能：　　①理解主旨要义；　　②理解文中的具体信息；　　③理解文中的概念性含义；　　④进行有关的判断、推理和引申；　　⑤根据上下文推测生词的词义；　　⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；　　⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度；　　⑧区分论点和论据。根据大纲和历年考题，我们把题型分为：推理题,例证题,词汇题,句子理解题,指代题,主旨题,出处题，态度题，读图题。阅读理解(2006年全国卷)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMostpeoplethinkofracingwhentheyseegreyhounds(灰狗)andbelievetheyneedlotsofexercise.Theycanactuallybequitelazy!Greyhoundsaregoodatfastracesbutnotlong-distancerunning.Theydoneedregularexercisebuttheyliketorunforashortburstandthengetbackonthebedoracomfortableseat.Anothermisunderstandingisthatgreyhoundsmustbeaggressive(好斗的)becausetheyarebiginsize.Infactgreyhoundslovepeopleandaregentlewithchildren.Greyhoundscanlivefor12-14yearsbutusuallyonlyracefortwoorthreeyears,andafterthattheymakegreatpets.Theydon’tneedalotofspace,don’tmakealotofnoise,anddon’teatalotfortheirsize.Normally,greyhoundscanbeastallas90cm.Thereis,however,asmall-sizedgreyhound,whichstandsonly33cm.Greyhoundscomeinavarietyofcolors.Greyandyellowish-brownarethemostcommon.Othersincludeblack,white,blue,redandbrownoramixofthese.Greyhoundshavesmoothbodycoats,lowbodyfatandareveryhealthy.Becausethey’reslim(苗条的)theydon’thavethelegproblemslikeotherdogsthesameheight.Buttheydofeelthecold,especiallysincetheywouldmuchratherbeathomeinbedthanwalkingaroundoutside.56.Thetextiswrittenmainly______.A.totellpeoplehowtoraisegreyhoundsB.toletpeopleknowmoreaboutgreyhoundsC.toexplainwhygreyhoundsareaggressiveD.todescribegreyhoundsofdifferentcolors57.Itcanbeinferredthatgreyhounds_______.A.lovebigdoghousesB.likestayinginbedalldayC.makethebestguarddogsD.needsomeexerciseoutdoors58.Whydoestheauthorsaythatgreyhoundsmakegreatpets?\nA.Theyarebiginsize.B.Theyliveaverylonglife.C.Theycanrunracesforsometime.D.Theyarequietandeasytolookafter.59.Ifyoukeepapetgreyhound,itisimportant________.A.tokeepitslimB.tokeepitwarmC.totakespecialcareofitslegsD.totakeittoanimaldoctorsregularlyBManyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation(加油站)about50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台),Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriend's.Wechattedonthewayintothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathank-younoteforhelpingme.Soonafterward,IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater,Idrovetoameetinginanearbytowninthemorning.InlateafternoonIreturnedtomycarandfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday,andthebattery(电池)wasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealership-ashopsellingcars-wasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom."JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord?"Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment,sowhenIgothome,Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadevertakenthetimetowritehimandsaythankyou,anditmeantalot,hesaid."Thankyou"—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.60.TheauthorplannedtostopatOklahomaCity_________.A.tovisitafriendB.toseehisparentsC.topayatthecashregisterD.tohavemoregasforhiscar61.Thewords“tookoff”underlinedinParagraph2mean“______”.A.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup62.Whathappenedwhentheauthorfoundsmokecomingoutofhiscar?A.Hehaditpulledbacktothegasstation.B.Thecouplesenthimabusinesscard.C.Thecoupleofferedtohelphim.D.Hecalledhisfriendforhelp.63.Thebatteryoftheauthor’scarwasdeadbecause_______.A.somethingwentwrongwiththelightsB.themeetinglastedawholedayC.heforgottoturnoffthelightsD.hedrovetoolongadistance\n64.Bytellinghisownexperiences,theauthortriestoshow______.A.howtowriteathank-youletterB.howtodealwithcarproblemsC.thekind-heartednessofolderpeopleD.theimportanceofexpressingthanksCAstudyofEnglishlearningproblemswascarriedoutamongatotalof106foreignstudents.ItshowsthatmoststudentsconsideredunderstandingspokenEnglishtobetheirbiggestproblemonarrival.Thiswasfollowedbyspeaking.Writingincreasedasaproblemasstudentsdiscovereddifficultiesinwritingpapersthattheywerenowexpectedtohandin.Readingremainedasasignificant(显著的)problem.Theinformationgainedhelpedusindeterminingwherespecialattentionshouldbepaidinourcourse.Althoughmanystudentshavechosentojointhecoursewithareasonablemotivation(动机),weconsidereditimportanttonotewhatseemedtoencourageinterest.Nearlyallthestudentshaveexperiencedsomekindofgrammar-basedEnglishteachingintheirowncountry.Tousethesamemethodwouldbeself-defeatingbecauseitmightreducemotivation,especiallyifithasfailedinthepast.Thereforeadifferentmethodmayhelpbecauseitisdifferent.Varietyofactivitywasalsoseenasawayofmaintaining(保持)orincreasingmotivation.Severalyearsagowehadonetimetablethatoperatedthroughout,butwesoonfoundthatboththestudentsandtheteacherslostinterestbyabouthalfwaythroughthetenweeks.Thisledustoamajorre-think,sofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsofthestudents.65.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Foreignstudentshavemoreproblems.B.TherearemanywaystoimproveEnglish.C.Teachingshouldmeetstudents’needs.D.Englishlearningproblemsshouldbestudiedagain.66.Writingbecameabiggerproblemwhenforeignstudents________.A.hadtowritetheirpapersB.becamebetteratspeakingC.becamelessinterestedinreadingD.hadfewerproblemswithlistening67.Wemayinferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.A.differentteachingmethodsshouldbeusedB.grammar-basedteachingseemstobeencouragingC.EnglishcoursesarenecessaryforforeignstudentsD.teachingcontentshouldbechangedhalfway.68.Theword“it”underlinedinthelastparagraphrefersto“_______”.A.re-thinkB.activityC.motivationD.timetableDSincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied,soperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(风景画)muchinfluenced(影响)byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesand\nrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciousoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”69.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife.B.HowtopaintwatercolorsC.Anartist-turnedteacherD.Lifeafterretirement70.Theauthorstarteddrawingagainin1995because_________.A.hehopedtodrawapictureofhisfatherB.hecouldn’tstopmissinghisfatherC.hehadmoretimeafterretirementD.helikedanimalsandlandscapes71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor__________.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy72.Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable.B.AbitregretfulC.Ratherbusy.D.Fairlydull.EPhillipIslandPenguins(企鹅)TheLittlePenguinhascalledPhillipIslandhomeforuntoldgenerations.GettoPhillipIslandinplentyoftimetowatchssummersunsetatSummerlandBeach–thestageisattractivelysettoseethelittlePenguinleavewaterandstepontoland.·LeaveMelbourneat5:30pmforadirectjourneytoPhillipIsland.·SeetheGippslandarea–GuinnessBookofRecordsplacefortheworld’slongestearthworm(蚯蚓)·JourneyalongthecoastalhighwayaroundtheBaywithFrenchIslandandChurchillIslandinthedistance·CrossthebridgeatSanRemotoenterPhillipIsland–naturalhomeforLittlePenguinsandmanyanimals·Takeyourplaceinspecialviewingstands(看台)towatchthedailyeveningperformanceofthewildLittlePenguinsUltimatePenguins(+U)Joinagroupofupto15.Thisguidedtourgoestoanattractive,quietbeachtoseeLittlePenguins.Youcanseepenguinsatnightbywearingaspecialpairofglasses.Adult(成人)$60.00Child$30.00ViewingPlatformPenguinPlus(+V)Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands.\nAdult$25.00Child$12.50PenguinSkybox(+S)Joinagroupofonly5inthecomfortofaspecial,higher-upviewingtower.GainanexcellentoverviewofSummerlandBeach.Adult16yrs73.Whatkindofpeopleisthetextmainlywrittenfor?A.Scientists.B.StudentsC.Tourists.D.Artists.74.WecanlearnfromthetextthatLittlePenguins__________.A.havebeenonPhillipIslandforyearsB.keepaGuinnessrecordfortheirsizeC.aretrainedtopracticedivingforvisitorsD.liveinlargegroupstoprotectthemselves75.Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour?A.$37.50.B.$62.50.C.$180.00.D.$150.00.56-65 BDDBA BCCDC 66-75 AADDB CACAB(2006江苏卷）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheMarcheswereahappyfamily.Poverty,hardwork,andeventhefactthatFatherMarchwasawaywiththeUnionarmiescouldnotdownthespiritsofMeg,Jo,Amy,andMarmee,astheMarchgirlscalledtheirmother.TheMarchsisterstriedtobegoodbuthadtheirshareoffaults.PrettyMegwasoftendispleasedwiththeschoolchildrenshetaught;boyishJowaseasytobecomeangry;golden-hairedschoolgirlAmylikedtoshowup;butBeth,whokeptthehouse,waslovingandgentlealways.ThehappydayspassedanddarknesscamewhenatelegramarrivedforMrs.March.“Yourhusbandisveryill,”itsaid,“comeatonce.”Thegirltriedtobebravewhentheirmotherleftforthefront.Theywaitedandprayed.LittleBethgotscarletfever(猩红热)whenshewastakingcareofthesickneighbor.ShebecameveryillbutbegantorecoverbythetimeMarmeewasback.WhenFathercamehomefromthefrontandatthatjoyfulChristmasdinnertheywereoncemorealltogether.ThreeyearslatertheMarchgirlshadgrownintoyoungwomanhood.MegbecameMrs.Brooke,andafterafewfamilytroublesgotusedtohernewstatehappily.Johadfoundpleasureinherliteraryefforts.Amyhadgrownintoayoungladywithatalentfordesignandanevengreateroneforsociety.ButBethhadneverfullyregainedherhealth,andherfamilywatchedherwithloveandanxiety.AmywasaskedtogoandstayinEuropewitharelativeoftheMarches.JowenttoNewYorkandbecamesuccessfulinherwritingandhadthesatisfactionofseeingherworkpublishedthere.Butathomethebitterestblowwasyettofall.Bethhadknownforsometimethatshecouldn’tlivemuchlongertobewiththefamilyandinthespringtimeshedied.NewscamefromEuropethatAmyandLaurie,thegrandsonofawealthyneighbor,hadplannedtobemarriedsoon.NowJobecameevermoresuccessfulinherwritingandgotmarriedtoProfessorBhaerandsoonafterwardsfoundedaschoolforboys.Andsothelittlewomenhadgrownupandlivedhappilywiththeirchildren,enjoyingthe\nharvestofloveandgoodnessthattheyhaddevotedalltheirlivesto.56.ThemembersoftheMarchfamilywereFatherMarch,Mrs.Marchandtheir_______.A.fourdaughtersB.fivedaughtersC.sonandfourdaughtersD.sonandfivedaughters57.Whowasthemostsuccessfulincareer(事业)amongtheMarchgirls?A.JoB.BethC.AmyD.Meg58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThemarchFamilyB.TheMarchParentsC.TheMarchGirlsD.TheMarchRelatives59.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheMarchfamilyhad______.A.bothhappinessandsadnessB.wealthyneighborsC.moregirlsthanboysD.alotofrichrelativesBThefirstrealityTVshowintheworldwascalledExpeditionRobinsonanditwasshowninSwedenin1997.HalfthepopulationofthecountrywatchedthefinaleventandanewkindofTVprogramwasborn.TwoyearslaterinHolland,thefirstseriesofBigBrotherwasfilmed.Again,itwasagreatsuccessandthefinalprogramwaswatchedby15millionpeople.Nowmorethan20countriesaroundtheworldhaveBigBrotherorExpeditionRobinsonontheirTVscreens.TheordinarypeoplewhotakepartintheprogramsareknownbymillionsofpeopleintheirowncountriesandrealityTVhasbecomebig,bigbusiness.FortheTVproducers,realityTVisadreamcometruebecausemanyoftheprogramscostnothingtomake.Atsomepoint,thetelevisionviewersareaskedtotelephonetheprogramtovoteortoapplytotakepartintheshow.Itisthecostofthesetelephonecallsthatpaysfortheshows.OneofthemostpopularshowsisPopIdol.Intheshowagroupofattractiveyoungpeoplearemadeintopopstars.TVviewersvotefortheirfavoritepersonontheshow.Thewinnermakesarecordandmillionsofcopiesoftherecordaresold.Hisorherpicturesarepublishedonthecoversofmagazinesoronthefrontpagesofnewspapers,andthen,theyarequicklyforgotten.ButnoteveryoneishappyaboutrealityTV.InPortugal,twoTVchannelsgotintotroublebecausetheyshowedtoomuchofthepersonallivesofthepeopleintheshows.InFrance,realityTViscalled“rubbishTV”andtheTVstudiosofBigBrotherwereattackedthreetimesinoneweek.InGreece,BigBrotherwasdescribedas“againsthumanrightsandcivilization”.60.ThosewhotakepartinrealityTVshowsareusually______.A.commonpeopleB.popTVstarsC.attractivepeopleD.famousfilmstars61.WhowouldpayforthecostoftherealityTVshowsaccordingtothepassage?A.TVproducerswhomakerealityTVshowsB.TVactorswhotakepartinrealityTVshows.C.TVviewerswhotelephonerealityTVshowsD.TVcompanieswhichbroadcastrealityTVshows62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PopIdolisoneofthepopularrealityTVshowsintheworld.B.BigBrotherwasoneofthefirstrealityTVshowsintheworld.C.RubbishTVisoneofthepersonalrealityTVshowsintheworld.D.ExpeditionRobinsonwasthefirstrealityTVshowintheworld.63.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.\nA.everyoneishappyaboutrealityTV.B.realityTVwilldowellinmanycountries.C.allthepeopleinEuropeareinfavorofrealityTVD.realityTVwillnotbebroadcastinanycountries.CIIIFewperiodsinhistoryareasexcitingasthetimewhentheVikings(北欧海盗)wereknown---andsometimesfeared---throughoutScandinavia,theBritishIsles.Russia,alltheMediterranean,AfricaandevenAmerica.Frojelisafamily-basedsociety,whichaimstoreliveanddescribetheVikingsfromaharbor---Frojel,ontheSwedishislandofGotland.FrojelwasoneoftherichesttradingcentersintheVikingworld.Themembersofthesocietyaimtorecreatetheclothing,weapons,tools,jewellery,games,foodandfurnitureofthelong-goneperiod.Theywanttoenjoyanescapetoasimpler,morerelaxedtime,withlike-mindedpeople.Theywillalsousetheitemstheyhavemadetorelivethatageatvariouspublicentertainments.Theopeningceremonyofthisfamousyearlycompetitionwillbeginat11:30a.m.Therewillbemusicgroups,rappersandchildren’schorus.12:25p.m.seestheintroductionoftheeaterswhocomefromallovertheworld.At12:40p.m.thehistoric12-minuteall-you-can-eatcompetitionwillbegin.Theworldrecordstandsatover50hotdogsandbunsin12minutes.Willanyonebeattherecordthisyear?Viewingisavailableonafirst-come-first-servedbasis.Televisioncrewsareinvitedtouseatwo-tieredstagethreemetersfromthemainstage.Theareainfrontofthemainstageiskeptforphotographersandtelevisioncameraswithouttripods(三脚架).64.AccordingtoAdvertisement1,thefamousyearlycompetitionis______.A.amusiccompetitionB.aneatingcompetitionC.acookingcompetitionD.apleasure-takingcompetition65.Peoplewhocometowatchthecompetitionearliestmay_______.A.getthebestwatchingpositionB.getthebestfood.C.watchwhatevertheywanttoD.takegoodpictures66.ThebesttitleforAdvertisement2wouldbe_______.A.TheVikingsB.RelivingoftheVikingsCFrojelD.AVikingRelivingSociety67.FromtheadvertisementweknowthatFrojelusedtobe______.A.aVikingclub.B.afamily-basedsocietyC.aEuropeanislandD.atradingcenterDInarecentlypublishedbook,Icameacrosssomeexerciseswithinterestingnamessuchasfishbonediagrams,lotusflowersandclustering.AsIusedtheseexercisesinmyclasses,Inoticedthatstudentswereinterested.Theysaidmoreandwrotemore.Theyenjoyedexpressingtheirideasandsharingthemingroups.Theywerenolongerpassivelywaitingforthebell,butactivelytakingpartinthelesson.Ifindthatcreativitycanactasawaytoincreaseparticipationandimprovefluency.Creativityhasbecomeapopularwordinrecentyears.Scholarsinarts,psychology,business\n,educationandscienceareallworkingtogetadeeperunderstandingofit.RobertJ.StembergisacreativityspecialistandYaleprofessorofpsychology.Hedefinescreativityas“theabilitytoproduceworkthatisbothnew(original)andappropriate(applicabletothesituation)”.thisdefinitionisuseful,aswewantourstudentstouselanguageinanewwayandtouseitcorrectlyandproperly.Motscholarssaytherearetwotypesofcreativity:big“C”creativityandsmall“c”creativity.Big“C”creativityreferstogeniuslevelthinkingthatresultsinartisticmasterpiecesandscientificbreakthroughs.Small“c”creativityreferstoeverydaylevelthinkingthatcanbeusedinanysituationouremphasisisonthelatter.WhileitgoeswithoutsayingthatanyofourstudentscouldgoontobethenextPicassoorEdison,ouraimistohelpstudentsproducemoreideasanduselanguageinanewway.68.Theunderlinedwords“waitingforthebell”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans______.A.longingforaphonecallB.hopingtohaveabellC.expectingtheendoftheclassD.waitingtospeakintheclass69.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorthinkstheexercisesinthebookwere_____.A.popularB.usefulC.scientificD.creative70.Whenyouuseafamiliarwordinanewway,youare________.A.creativeinthesenseofbig“C”creativity.B.creativeinthesenseofsmall“c”creativity..C.notcreativeinthesenseofbig“C”creativity..D.notcreativeinthesenseofsmall“c”creativity.71.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_________.A.showhowusefulthebookis.B.explainwhatcreativityC.discusshowonecanbecreativeD.tellwhatreachingaimsatEAneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.\nOthersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.72.Eachofthetunnelsunderconstructionis_____.A.eightkilometerslongandtwentymeterswideB.eightkilometerslongandsixmeterswideC.fourkilometerslongandtwentymeterswideD.fourkilometerslongandsixmeterswide73.Whichpartofthetunnelinthediagramisusedtopipeoutextrawater?A.1B.3C.5D.674.Drivinginthetunnel,onecanknowthetrafficconditionsaheadthrough______.A.thelightsB.theelectricsignsC.thetrucksandthecarsD.theemergencyphones75.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels答案：56-75:AACAACCBBADDCDBBDCBD一中经典试题阅读理解（一）ABothmyparentscamefromtownsinMexico.IwasborninElPaso,Texas,andwhenIwasfour,myfamilymovedtoahousingprojectinEastLosAngeles.Eventhoughwestruggledtomakeendsmeet,myparentsstressedtomeandmyfourbrothersandsistershowfortunateweweretoliveinagreatcountrywithlimitlessopportunities.Theyfilleduswiththeconceptsoffamily,faithandpatriotism(爱国主义).IgotmyfirstrealjobwhenIwasten.Mydad,Benjamin,injuredhisbackworkinginacardboard-boxfactoryandwasretrainedasahairstylist.Herentedspaceinalittlestripmall(狭小的购物街)andgavehisshopthefancynameofMr.Ben’sCoinffure.TheowneroftheshoppingcentregaveDadadiscountonhisrentforcleaningtheparkinglotthreenightsaweek,whichmeantgettingupat3am.Topickuprubbish,Dadusedalittlemachinethatlookedlikealawnmower(割草机).MomandIemptiedrubbishcansandpickeduplitter(乱扔的杂物)byhand.Ittooktwotothreehourstocleanthelot.I’dsleepinthecaronthewayhome.Ididthisfortwoyears,butthelessonsIlearnedhavelastedalifetime.Iacquireddisciplineandastrongworkethic(行为准则),andlearnedatanearlyagetheimportanceofbalancinglife’scompetinginterests—inmycase,school,homeworkandjob.Thisreallyhelpedduringhighschool,whenIworked40hoursaweekcookingburgers(夹馅包)atafast-foodjoint(店铺)whiletakingafullloadofcollege-prepcourses.Thehardworkpaidoff.IattendedtheUSMilitaryAcademyandwentontoreceivegraduatedegreesinlawandbusinessfromHarvard.Later,IjoinedabigLosAngeleslawfirmandwaselectedtotheCaliforniaStateAssembly.InthesejobsandineverythingelseI’vedone,Ihaveneverforgottenthosenightsintheparkinglot.Theexperiencetaughtmethatthereisdignity(尊严)inallworkandthatifpeopleareworkingtoprovideforthemselvesandtheirfamilies,thatissomethingweshouldhonour.56.Fromthefourthparagraphofthepassage,weknowthatthewriter’sfirstjobwas______.A.helpinghisfatherinthecardboard-boxfactory\nA.workinginhisfather’sshopB.helpinghisfatherintheparkinglotC.doingsomeworkinthefast-foodjoint57.Mr.Ben’sCoinffureis______.A.thewriter’sfatherB.thewriterhimselfC.thenameoftheowneroftheshoppingcentreD.thenameofhisfather’sshop58.Thewriterthoughtthat_____.A.itwaswrongforhisparentstothinkthattheywerefortunateatthattimeB.hisparents’instructionstohimandhisbrothersandsisterswerevaluableinhislifeC.doingallkindsofworkwouldbenefiteveryoneduringtheirchildhoodD.itwasnecessaryforachildtohelphisfamily59.Accordingtothewriter’sopinion,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.One’schildhoodisvaluableinhislifetime.B.Themorejobsonedoes,thegreatersuccessonehas.C.Thehardertheworkis,themoreinterestoneshows.D.Anyjobthatonedoestosupporthimselfandhisfamilyishonourable.BEdViestursgrewupinRockford,Illinois,wherethetallestthingonthehorizonwasthewatertower.ButonThursday,VirstursbecametheonlyAmericantoclimbtothetopoftheworld’s14highestmountains.HislasthikewasupMountAnnapurna,inAsia’ssnowcappedHimalayas.At26,545feet,itspeakisthe10thhighestintheworld.Itisthemountainthatinspiredhimtostartclimbing.“Ittendstobethetrickiest,themostdangerous,”saidViesturs.“There’snosimplewaytoclimbit.Therearethreateningavalanches(雪崩)andicefallsthatprotectthemountain.”Inhighschool,ViestursreadFrenchclimberNauriceHerzog’staleofclimbingtheicyAnnapurna.Herzog’sstorywasoffrostbite(冻伤)anddifficultyandnear-deathexperiences.Viesturswashookedrightaway.ViestursgothisstartonWashington’sMountRainierin1977,guidinghikesinthesummer.Fifteenyearsago,hesetouttoclimbtheworld’shighestpeaks.Finally,he’sdone.Thepioneeringclimbertalksaboutmountainsasiftheywerelivingcreaturesthatshouldbetreatedwithrespect.“Youhavetouseallofyoursenses,allofyourabilitiestoseeifthemountainwillletyouclimbit,”saidViesturs.“Ifwehavethepatienceandtherespect,andifwe’rehereattherighttime,undertherightcircumstances,theyallowustogoup,andallowustocomedown.”What’snextforamanwhocan’tstopclimbing?“I’mgoingtohugmywifeandkidsandkindofkickbackandenjoythesummer,”saysViesturs.Butforamanwho’sclimbedtheworld’s14tallestmountains,hewillprobablysoonsetoffonyetanotheradventure.60.WhatrecordhasEdViestursset?A.Hehassucceededinclimbingtotheworld’s14thhighestmountain.B.Hehasbeentothetopoftheworld’s14highestmountains.C.Hehasbecomethefirsttoclimbtotheheightof26,545feet.D.Hehasbecomethefirstmantoclimbtothetopof14highestmountainsintheworld.61.TheauthorusedViestures’wordsinParagraph6tosupportaviewthat______.\nA.mountainclimbingisadangeroussportB.mountainsshouldberegardedaslivingcreaturesC.mountainclimbingneedsmoreskillsthanphysicalenergyD.thosewholikemountainclimbingwon’tstopclimbing62.What’sthenextprobableplanofViestures?A.Stoppingclimbingandstayingwithhisfamily.B.Climbingtothetopoftheworld’s14tallestmountainsagain.C.Climbinganotheroneofthehighestmountains.D.Writingdowntheexperiencesabouthisadventure.CIneededtogetsomemoneyso,afterChristmas,ItookajobintheclothesdepartmentatGraham’sforthefirstfortnightoftheJanuarysale.Ican’tsaythatIenjoyedit,butitwasanexperienceI’llneverforget.Icouldneverunderstandwhythereweresomanythingsinthesales;wheredidtheyallcomefrom?NowIknowthesecret!Firstly,thereisthespecialwinterstock(货物)andthestockthatpeoplebuyalltheyearround;someofthesethingsareslightlyreduced.Secondly,therearethesummerclothestheycouldn’tselllastyear;theseareheavilyreducedtoclearthem.Thirdly,therearecheapclothesboughtinspeciallyforthesales;theseareputoutathighpricestendaysbeforethesalebeginsandthenarereducedby60%inthesale.Clever!Lastly,theybuyin“seconds”(clothesnotinperfectcondition)forthesaleandtheyaresoldverycheaply.WhenIarrivedhalfanhourbeforeopeningonthefirstdayofthesale,therewasalreadyaqueuearoundthreesidesofthebuilding.Thismademeverynervous.Whenthebigmomentarrivedtoopenthedoors,thesecurityguards,lookinglessconfidentthanusual,cameuptothem,keysinhand.Themomenttheyhadunlockedthedoors,theyhidbehindthedoorsforprotectionasthenoisycrowdchargedin.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes;thiswasn’tshopping,itwasabattlefield!Onepoorladycouldn’tkeepherfeetandwasknockedoverbypeoplepushingfrombehind.Clotheswereflyinginalldirectionsaspeoplesearchedforthesizes,colorsandstylestheywanted.Quarrelsbrokeout.Motherswereusingtheirsmallchildrentocrawl(爬行)throughpeople’slegsandgetholdofthingstheycouldn’tgetnearthemselves.WithinminutesIhadhalfadozenpeoplepushingclothesundermynose,eachwantingtobethefirstserved.WherehadthefamousEnglishqueuegone?Thewholedaycontinuedlikethat,butIkeptmytemper(脾气)!Iwastakingmoneyhandoverfistandbegantorealizewhy,twiceayear,Graham’swerehappytoturntheirexpensivestoreintoabattlefieldlikethis.Inthesalefever,peoplewerespendingmoneylikewaterwithoutthinkingwhethertheyneededwhattheywerebuying.AslongasitwasabargainitwasOK.Youwon’tbelievethisbutassoonasIgothomeIcrashedoutforfourhours.ThenIhaddinnerandwentbacktobed,fearingthesoundofthealarmwhichwouldtellmetogetreadyfortheseconddayofthesale.63.Whatkindofclothesislikelytobesold5%cheaper?A.Lastsummer’sclothes.B.Clothesnotinperfectcondition.C.Clothesboughtinespeciallyforthesales.D.Clothesforwinter.\n64.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thecustomersgaveupthequeuing,forwhichtheEnglisharefamous.B.Thecustomerskepttheirtemperwhilelookingforclothestheywanted.C.Smallchildrenenjoyedcrawlingthroughpeople’slegs.D.Thesecurityguardswerefearlessofthecrowd.65.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywasGraham’shappytomaketheirexpensivestoreintoa“battlefield”?A.Thereweretoomanyclothesandtheywantedtocleartheminthesales.B.Theywereeagertoshowthattheywerecleveratdoingbusiness.C.Theycouldtakethechancetoraisethepricesofalltheirclothes.D.Theywantedtomakemoremoneybyhavingsales.66.Theexpression“crashedout”means_________.A.chattedwithherfriendsB.sleptsoundlyA.brokedownB.dinedout67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBestBargainB.HuntingforajobC.SaleFeverD.APleasantFortnightDItishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscience,itisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theymustbeunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesonthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’tandifyouhaveityouhavetoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatwedon’tknowenoughaboutnature.IndeedIregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,aclearpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturytobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowstrangeseemsthewayahead.Inearliertimes,theyeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorsimplymadeupstoriestogiveanswers.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringseriously,wearecatchingsightofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearesorry.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.68.Accordingtothewriter,reallygoodscience________.A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyB.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance\nC.willproduceresultswhichcanbepredictedD.willbringaboutdisturbingresults69.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury_________.A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcoulddealwithmostproblemsofscienceB.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureC.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchD.didmoreharmthangoodinman’sunderstandingnature70.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutscientistsinearliertimes?A.Theyfalselydeclaredtoknowallaboutnature.B.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.C.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.D.Theyinventedfalserulestoexplainthingstheydidn’tunderstand71.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsscience?A.Heissorrybecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.B.Heisdelightedbecauseofthelatestscientificfindings.C.Heisdoubtfulbecauseofthegreatdifficultiesinscientificresearch.D.Heisconfidentthoughheknowswellthegreatdifficultiesinscientificresearch.72.Thewriterbelievesthatsoonerorlater_________.A.mancan’tdealwithalltheproblemshecanfindbecauseofthelimitsofhumanknowledgeB.mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkupC.questionsconcerningnatureareoutsidethefieldofscientificresearchD.mancanthinkupallthequestionsandanswerthemallESometimestherealworldcanbeaconfusingplace.Itisnotalwaysfairorkind.Andintherealworldtherearenotalwayshappyendings.Thatiswhy,everyonceinawhile,weliketoescapeintotheworldoffantasy—aplacewherethingsalwaysgoourwayandthereisalwaysahappyending.Wewanttobelieveinfantasticcreaturesinimaginarylands.Wewanttobelieveinmagicpowers,goodfriends,andthepowerofgoodtoovercomeevil.Weallfantasizeaboutbeingabletoflyandliftbuildingsofftheground.Andhowgoodamagicswordwouldfeelinourhandaswegoofftokilladragonorwinthehandofabeautifulprincess.TheamazingadventuresofSuperman,PeterPan,andHarryPotterhavecharmedmanypeople,childrenandadultsalike.Themainreasonisthatthesestoriesofferuschancestogetawayfromthisreal,frustratingworldandallowustofindsomemagicalsolutionstoourproblems.Forexample,Supermanalwaysarrivesinthenickoftimetopreventadisasterfromhappening.PeterPancanflyatwilltoteasethebadguyCaptainHook,andHarryPotterhashismagicpowertotakerevenge(复仇)onhisuncle,auntandcousin,whoalwaysill-treathim.73.PeopleentertheworldoffantasyforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat_________.A.theworldoffantasyfrightensusB.therealworldisoftendisappointingC.wecanfindhappyendingsthereD.wecanalwayshaveourwishesfulfilled74.Superman,PeterPan,andHarryPotterhavecharmedmanypeople,because_________.\nA.thebadguysalwayshavetheupperhandB.theyendupgettingmarriedtobeautifulprincessesC.theirsolutionsareanythingbutmagicalD.theypossesspowersthatordinarypeopledon’thave75.Thisarticleaboutfantasyliteratureisintendedto__________.A.criticizeitsunrealisticconceptsB.ridiculethosepeoplereadingitC.explainwhypeopleliketoreaditD.teachpeopletoavoiddisasters56-60CDBDB61-65BCDAD66-70BCDAB71-75DBADC阅读理解（二）ATheLadyJaneHotelThemanagementandstaffarehappytowelcomeyouandwilldoalltheycantomakeyourstayanenjoyableone.Wehopeyouwillfindthefollowingsuggestionsandinformationofusetoyou.MealTimesOurovernightchargeincludesacontinental-typebreakfast.Breakfast7:30-9:30amLunch12:00-2:00pmAfternoontea4:00-5:30pmDinner7:00-9:15pmMealscanbeservedinroomsatasmallextracharge.Weregretthatowingtostaffarrangements,mealscan’tbeservedoutsidethesetimes.Inexceptionalcircumstances,pleaseconsultoneofourreceptionistsinadvance.Lightrefreshments,includingtea,coffee,biscuitsandsandwiches,canbeservedinroomsbetween10:00amto11:00pmexceptduringthemealtimelistedabove.Colddrinksareavailableintheroomrefrigerator.RoomCleaningPleasehangtheappropriatesignonyourdoorhandleifyoudonotwishtobedisturbed.Itwillfacilitatethedutiesoftheroom-maids,however,iftheroomcanbevacatedtemporarilyatanytimebetween9:00amand4:00pm.ValuablesThehotelcannotberesponsibleforthelossofmoney,jewelleryorothervaluablesunlesstheyaredeposited(寄存)inthehotelsafeandsignedforbythemanagerorhisdeputy.DeparturesPleaseinformreceptionofyourintendeddeparturebefore9:30amofthedayconcerned.Roomsmustbevacatedbynoontoallowfortheirpreparationforincomingguests.Weregretthattheirretentionafterthattimewillnecessitateafurthernight’scharge.Ifcircumstancesrequire,luggagecanbelefttemporarilyinthechargeoftheHallPorter.ASpecialRequestWewouldrespectfullysuggestthatinconsiderationofthecomfortofothergueststhevolumeofradiosandtelevisionsshouldbeturneddownafter11:00pm.\nWhilethemanagementandstaffwouldliketothinkthatourserviceandarrangementsareofastandardthatwillensureyourcompletesatisfaction,weshouldwarmlywelcomesuggestionsforimprovement.Ifyoushouldfindanythingthatitisnotuptostandard,pleaseinformreceptionthatwilltakeimmediatestepstoputmattersright.56.Thegeneralpurposeofthisnoticeistoprovideguestswith______.A.factsabouttherunningofthehotelB.instructionsabouthowtobehaveinthehotelC.asummaryofthedailyroutineofthehotelD.informationtheymayneedduringtheirstay57.Thegeneraltoneofthenoticeis______.A.informativebutinsincereB.firmbutcourteous(客气的)C.coldandofficiousD.sensiblebutwithlittleconcernfortheguests58.Thesignthatcanbehungonthedoorhandle_____.A.requeststhepostponementofroomcleaningB.informsthemaidthattheroomisnowreadyforcleaningC.indicatesthetimewhentheroomcanbecleanedD.showsthattheguestdoesnotwanttheroomtobecleanedthatday59.After11:00pmguestsare____.A.instructedtomakelessnoiseB.remindedthatanykindofnoiseintheirroomscandisturbothersC.requiredtoturnofftheirradioandTVsD.requestednottodisturbotherguestsbycausingtoomuchunnecessarynoiseBIdon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblood.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongnap(小睡)afterdinner.Ifyoudidn’tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheevening,youwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtime.Ifyoudidn’tnapafterdinner,youwouldnotwanttostayupsolate,andyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmeal,engageinsomesortofphysicalactivity—asportsuchasbowling,perhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlier,andyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight’srestwithouttakingapill.Ifyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthisway,Iamsureyouwillfeellesstiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifso,getupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslater,getupbutdonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradio,andmakeyourselfafewhours’sleepthatnight,youwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatnaprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.60.Accordingtothewriter,itisdifficultforyoutogotosleepbecause_______.A.youformthehabitofstayinguplateB.youhaven’ttakensleepingpills\nC.yousleepafterdinnerD.youfailtodosomeexercise61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueifyouwanttogetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening?A.Gotobedearlierthanusual.B.Talkwithfriendsafterdinner.C.Staywithfriendsafterdinner.D.Dosomephysicallabor.62.Youprobablyfeeltiredalldaybecause________.A.youstayuptoolateB.yougetuptooearlyinthemorningC.youtakesleepingpillsD.youwakeuptoofrequentlyatnight63.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Youmustn’ttakesleepingpillsinordertogetagoodnight’ssleep.B.Youshouldstayupifyouwanttosleepeffectively.C.Itisveryimportanttogetoutofthehabitoftakinganapafterdinner.D.Foodisnecessaryatnightifyoufailtogotosleep.64.Wemayinferthattheauthorismostprobablya_________.A.doctorB.scientistC.reporterD.professorCNothavingdonephysicalexerciseforsometime,Ifoundmyselfalittlelow-spiritedandcouldn’tstudyefficiently,soIdecidedtodosomerunningthenextday.At6:15thenextmorning,myalarmclockrang.Unwillingtorisefrommybed,Iturneditoffandwentbacktosleep.However,5minuteslater,Istruggledtogetup.Afterwashingandbrushing,Ihadmysneakersonandwentout.Wow!TheairwasfreshthatIcouldn’thelpbreathingitdeeply.Istretchedmyarmsandlegs,thenstartedtorun.Ifoundallthingsaroundmeweresoattractive.Look,thebrancheswerewaving,asiftheywerewelcomingme:theblossomingflowerswerebowing,withshyness,justlikegirls.Listen,thewindwaswhispering,asiftosay“Comeon,girl”.What’sinterestingwasthosetwobirds,perchinginthetree.TheywerescaredandflewawaywhenIpassedthem.“Hey,chaps,relax,”Ishoutedwithoutstoppingrunning.“Let’senjoythebeautifulmorningtogether!”Thenawonderhappened.ThetwolittlecreaturesseemedtounderstandwhatIsaid.Theyturnedbackandtwitteredaroundme.“Areyousingingforme?”Iasked.Theychirpedagainandagain,soundedlike“Yes”.Iwasdelightedtohearthat.Ah,whatawonderfulmorningandhowbeautifullifeis!Actually,therearealotofcharmingthingsaroundus.HelenKellerwroteinherfamousarticleThreeDaystoSee,“Theseeingseelittle”.Indeed,manyofusignorebeautyaroundus,justbecausewearefamiliarwiththem.Theyalwayscomplainthatlifeisboring.But,Ijustwanttosay,ifyouliveeachdaywithappreciationofthingsaround,you’llfindlifeisverycharming.So,let’senjoylifefromnowon.65.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Weshouldappreciatebeautifulnature.B.Physicalexerciseisveryuseful.C.Birdsareverylovely.D.Thefreshairoutsideiswonderful.66.Theboldsentence“Theseeingseelittle”probablyhasthesamemeaningas“________”.A.Peoplewhogosight-seeingcanseelittleB.Thosewhocanseeenjoynatureverymuch\nC.PeoplewhocanseehardlyfindthebeautyofnatureD.Thosewhogooutonlyseelittlethings67.Whydidthewritergorunningaccordingtothepassage?A.Becauseshewantedtomakeherselfmoreactive.B.Becauseshewantedtotalkwithbirds.C.Becauseshewantedtobreathefreshair.D.Becauseshewantedtoseethebeautyofnature.DCheating:Theincometaxdeadlineapproachesandsometaxpayers’thoughtsturntoit.Testtimeapproachesandsomestudents’thoughtsturntoit.“Youwantsomethingyoucan’tgetbybehavingwithintherules,andifyouwantitbadlyenoughyou’lldoitregardlessofanyguiltordeepregret,andyou’rewillingtoruntheriskofbeingcaught.”That’showLaddWheeler,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork,definescheating.Manyexpertsbelievecheatingisontherise.“We’resufferingamoralbreakdown,”Pinkardsays.“We’reseeingmoreofthekindofpersonwhoregardstheworldasaseriesofthingstobedealtwith.Whethertocheatdependsonwhetherit’stheperson’sinterest.”Hedoes,however,seelesscheatingamongtheyoungeststudents.RichardDiensbier,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofNebraskainLincoln,believesthatsociety’sattitudesaccountformuchoftheincreaseincheating.“Twentyyearsago,ifapersoncheatedincollege,societysaid:thatisextremelyserious,youwillbedroppedforatermifnotkickedoutpermanently,”hesays.“Nowadays,attheUniversityofNebraska,forexample,itisthestatedpolicyoftheCollegeofArtsandSciencesthatifastudentcheatsonanexam,thestudentmustreceivean‘F’onwhathecheatedon.That’snothing.Ifyou’regoingtofailanyway,whynotcheat?”“Cheatingismostlikelyinsituationswherethevitalinterestsarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow,”sayssocialpsychologist,LynnKahleoftheUniversityofOregoninEugene.68.Thepassagecenterson_______.A.discussinghowtocontrolcheatingB.describinghowstudentscheatonexamsC.convincingthereaderthatcheatingisimmoralD.discussingthereasonsforcheating69.Cheatingtendstooccurextremelywhen________.A.aseriesofthingshastobedealtwithB.onecan’tgetsomethinginarightwayC.onewantssomethingbadlyD.itisnotverylikelytoberevealed(揭露)70.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostcheatersarecollegestudents.B.Therehasbeenaquickincreaseincheating.C.Cheatersdonotfeelguiltyandregretful.D.Itisforgivabletocheatunlessmoneyisinvolved.71.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?\nA.Cheatingiswidespreadbecausesocietyistootolerant.B.Cheatingcomestogetherwithcivilization.C.Cheatingistheresultofintensepressure.D.Cheatingistheresultonatestoronanyotheroccasions.EHaveyoueverbeeninameetingwhilesomeonewasmakingaspeechandrealizedsuddenlythatyourmindwasamillionmilesaway?Youprobablyfeltsorryandmadeupyourmindtopayattentionandneverhavedaydreamingagain.Mostofus,fromearliestschooldays,havebeentoldthatdaydreamingisawasteoftime.“Onthecontrary,”saysL.Giambra,anexpertinpsychology,“daydreamingisnecessary.Withoutit,themindcouldn’tgetdoneallthethinkingithastododuringanormalday….Youcan’tpossiblydoallyourthinkingwithaconsciousmind.Instead,yourunconsciousmindisworkingoutproblemsallthetime.Daydreamingthenmaybeonewaythattheunconsciousandconsciousstatesofmindhavesilentdialogues.”Earlyexpertsinpsychologypaidnoattentiontotheimportanceofdaydreamsorevenconsideredthemharmful.Atonetimedaydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.Theydidnothaveabetterunderstandingofdaydreamsuntilthelate1980s.EricKlinger,aprofessorofpsychology,isthewriterofthebookDaydreaming,Klingersays,“Weknownowthatdaydreamingisoneofthemainwaysthatwerecognizeourlives,learnfromourexperiences,andplanourfutures.…Daydreamsreallyareawindowonthethingswefearandthethingswelongforinlife.”Daydreamsareusuallyverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.It’seasiertogainadeepunderstandingofyourlifebypayingcloseattentiontoyourdaydreamsthanbytryingtoexamineyoursleepdreamscarefully.Daydreamshelpyourecognizethedifficultsituationsinyourlifeandfindoutapossiblewayofhandling(处理)them.Daydreamscannotbepredicted.Theymoveoffinunexpecteddirectionwhichmaybecreativeandfullofusefulideas.Formanyfamousartistsandscientists,daydreamswereandareamainsourceofcreativeenergy.Sothenexttimeyoucatchyourselfdaydreaming，don’tstop.Justpayattentiontoyourdream.Itmaybemoreimportantthanwhatyouthink.72.Inwhatwayaredaydreamsdifferentfromsleepdreams?A.Daydreamsareeasierforustounderstand.B.Daydreamsarenotsoeasyforustocontrolanddirect.C.Daydreamshelpustohandledifficultsituations.D.Daydreamshelptodevelopanunconsciousmind.73.ProfessorEricKlingerbelievesthat______.A.wemaystudyourexperiencesjustthroughourdaydreamsB.daydreamingisoneoftheimportantwaysthatwerecognizeourlivesC.weshouldbeabletotellourfuturesbyhavingdaydreamsD.ourfearsandlongingsinlifeareshowninourdaydreams74.Thewriterofthearticlethinksthat_____.A.ProfessorEricKlingerhasabetterideathanL.GiambraB.DaydreamingwithanunconsciousmindwilldogoodtohealthC.Daydreamingismorehelpfulthansleepdreams\nA.Manyartistsandscientistsarefamousbecausetheyhavedaydreams75.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Daydreamingwasonceregardedasacauseofsomementalillnesses.B.Scientistsbelievethatwecanknowdaydreamsbeforehavingthem.C.Expertsbegantohaveabetterunderstandingofdaydreamsinthelate1980s.D.Manywell-knownartistsgainedenergyofcreationfromdaydreams.56-60DBADC61-65ACCAA66-70CADCB71-75AADCB阅读理解（三）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWilliamShakespearewasborninStratfort-on-Avonin1564.Hisfatherwasatrader.Laterhebecamealderman,andthenchiefalderman,sothatShakespearespenthisearlyyouthinawealthyfamily.Hismotherwasadaughterofafarmer.TheboywenttothegrammarschoolatStratfortandtherehelearnedLatinandalittleGreek,buthecouldnotfinishhisschoolingbecausehisfathersoongotintofinancialdifficulties.Whenheleftschool,Williamwasexploitedbyhisfather.Hemarriedalocalgir1,AnneHatheway,whenhewaseighteen.ThreeyearslaterheleftStratfortforLondon.ShortlyafterhisarrivalinLondon,hefoundjobsinornearaplayhouse(atheatre)asaservant.Thenhebecameanactorandlaterstartedtowriteplays.Heprobablybeganwritingplaysin1588-1590,butatleastby1592hehadalreadyachievedsomesuccessinplaywriting.Inthemeantime,histwopoemswerepublishedwhichwerehighlypraisedatthetime.Shakespearealsowrotesonnets,bothinhisearlieryearsandafter.Hecontinuestobeanactorandtowriteplays,hisdramaticcareerlastingformorethantwentyyears.Manyofhisplayswerepublishedduringhislifetime,inhislateryearsandthenafterhisdeath.In1623acollectionofhisplays,36inall,waspublishedbytwoofhisfriends.Inhislateryears,Shakespearealsobecameashareholderinthetheatre.In1611or1612heretiredorpartlyretiredfromLondonandboughtahouseinhisnativetownStratfortandwentbacktolivethere.AfterthathestillvisitedLondonattimesbutdidnotseemtowritemuchorpaymuchattentiontotheatricalactivitiesinthelastfewyearsofhislife.HediedinStratfortin1616.ShakespeareusedtheEnglishlanguagewiththegreatestfreedomandease,sothatalmostallthespeechesfitallthecharacterswhospeakthem:notonlydothekings,theclerks,theservantsandtheclownsspeakdifferently,butonekingorclownspeaksdifferentlyfromanotherandeventhesamekingorclownspeaksdifferentlyondifferentoccasionswhenheisindifferentmoodsorspeaksfordifferentpurposestodifferentpersons.Forthisaverylargevocabularyisnecessary,andShakespeareisknowntohaveused16,000differentwords.Alsohewasskillfulinformingverynewandtouchingexpressionsoutofrathercommonwords.Shakespearehasbeenknownallovertheworldandhisworkshavebeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguagesandhavegreatinfluenceuponmanywritersinmanycountries.ShakespearefirstbecamepopularinChinaaftertheMay4thMovementin1919,andsincethenallofhisplayshavebeentranslatedintotheChineselanguageandhavebeenperhapsmorewidelyreadinChinathantheworksofmostoftheotherEuropeanauthors.56.FromthepassageweknowthatShakespeare’sgrandfatherwas________.A.astorekeeperB.analdermanC.afarmerD.afamousplayer57.Shakespeare________in1582.A.wenttoLondonB.gotmarriedtoAnneHathewayC.begantowriteplaysD.attendedStratfortGrammarschool\n58.Itwas________thatmadehimsucceedinplaywriting.A.hisschooleducationB.hisearlyexperienceC.hisexperienceasanactorandpracticeinplaywritingD.hisskillinformingverynewandtouchexpressionsoutofrathercommonwords59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Shakespearemadethespeechesfitallthecharacters.B.Shakespearehadaverylargevocabulary.C.ShakespeareusedtheEnglishlanguagefreely.D.Shakespearewrotehisplaysforthesameking.BThecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors’rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowthesuittoremaincompetitive.AppleComputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonalcomputers,theMackintoshⅡandMackintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple’smajorcompetitors.Apple’snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMackintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBM—compatible(兼容的)programs.Thiscompatibilityfeatureillustrates(show)computermanufacturers’(producer)newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MakingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple’seffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales.UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessories(附件)tomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.Thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.Companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.Applewantstostayinthehigh-priceendofthepersonalcomputermarkettofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitors,bothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitor’scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics(图形),whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompanies’products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.60．Accordingtothepassage,AppleComputer,Inc,hasintroducedtheMackintoshⅡandtheMackintoshSEbecause.A．IBMischangingitscomputermodelscontinuouslyB．itwantstomakeitsmachinesspecializeinspecificusesC．itwantstostayaheadofIBMinthecompetitivecomputermarketD．itexpectsitsmajorcompetitorIBMtofollowitsexample61．ApplehopestoincreaseMackintoshsaleschieflyby.A．makingitsnewmodelscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareB．improvingthecolorgraphicsofitsnewmodelsC．copyingthemarketingstrategiesofIBMD．givingthecustomerswhattheywant\n62．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbothAppleandIBMtrytogainacompetitiveadvantageby.A．copyingeachother’stechnologyB．incorporating(合并)featuresthatmaketheirproductsspecialC．makingtheircomputersmoreinexpensiveD．makingtheircomputersrunmuchfaster63．Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.A．Apple’sEffortstoStayAheadofIBMB．Apple’sNewComputerTechnologyC．Apple’sNewPersonalComputersD．Apple’sResearchActivitiesCWhat’sthesweetestcandyyoucaneat?Sweeterthansugar?It’slicorice(甘草)initspureform.Theextract(精，汁)ofthelicoricerootisfiftytimessweeterthansugar.It’sstill“there”inwaterwhenit’sonlyonepartin20,000.Licoriceisastrangematter.It’susedinmedicine.Thetobaccoindustryuseslotsoflicorice.Licoricelendsmildness(温和)topipetobacco,cigarsandcigarettes.Licoricecomesfromaplant.Thelicoriceplantistwotofivefeethigh.Butitsendsoutundergroundrunnerssometimes25feetlong.Licoriceitselfcomesfromtherootsoftheplant.Licorice’srealnameisglycyrrhiza.ItcomesfromtwoGreekwords—glykys(sweet)andrhiza(root)—sweetroot.TheGreeksmadeupthename,sotheymusthaveknownaboutit.Infact,AlexandertheGreat’ssoldierscarriedlicoriceintheirpackstowardoff(避开)thirst.Archaeologists(考古学家)founditinthetomboftheEgyptiankingTutankhamen,wholivedover3,000yearsago.Eventoday,theEgyptiansdrinkmaisus—asweetdrinkoflicoriceandwater.Licoricehadindeedhadalonghistory.InancientChina,licoricewasusedonBuddha’sbirthday.AnextractofthelicoricerootwaspouredthreetimesovertheBuddha’sstatue(佛像).Thenthefaithful(信徒)weregivenspoonfulsofit.Todayit’smakingacomeback(流行).Youdon’thavetowaitforBuddha’sbirthdaytogetsomelicorice.Youcangooutandbuyitatthenearestcandycounter.64．Ifyouputsomelicoriceintowaterwhichis20,000timesofit,thewatertastes.A．saltyB．sweetC．pureD．terrible65．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．It’stheGreekswhofirstdiscoveredlicorice.B．Licoricehasalwaysbeenwidelyusedintheworldsinceancienttimes.C．YoucangetlicoriceonlyonBuddha’sbirthday.D．Licoriceismadefromrootsofastrangeplant.66．Whichpicturebestdescribestheplant?D\nTheyoungpeoplewhotalkofthevillageasbeing“dead”aretalkingnothingbutnonsense,asintheirheartstheymustsurelyknow.No,thevillageisnotdead.Thereismorelifeinitnowthanthereeverwas.Butitseemsthat“villagelife”isdead.Goneforever.Itbegantodeclineaboutahundredyearsago,whenmanygirlslefthometogointoserviceintownmanymilesaway,andmenalsolefthomeinincreasingnumbersinsearchofwork,andhomewaswhereworkwas.Therearestillanumberofpeoplealivetodaywhocanrememberwhat“villagelife”meantintheearlyyearsoflastcentury.Itmeantknowingandbeingknownbyeverybodyelseinthevillage.Itmeantfindingentertainmentinthevillageofwithinwalkingdistanceofit.Itmeanthousewivestiedtothehomealldayandeveryday.Itmeantgoingtobedearlytosavelamp-oilandcoal.ThencametheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWar.Aftereachwar,newideas,newattitudes,newtradesandoccupationswererevealed（展现）tovillagers.Thelong-establishedorderofsocietywasnolongertakenforgranted.Electricityandthemotorcarweresteadilyoperatingtomake“villagelife”and“townlife”almostalike.Nowwiththehighlydevelopedscienceandtechnologyandhigh-levelsocialwelfare（福利）forall,thereisnopointwhateverintalkinganylongerabout“villagelife”.Itisjustlife,andabetterlife.Finally,ifwehaveanydoubtsaboutthefuture,oraboutthemanychangeswhichwehaveseeninourlives,wehaveonlytolookattheschoolplaygroundinanymid-morning;orseethechildrenastheywalkhomewardinlittlegroups.Obviouslytherechildrenarebetterfed,betterclothed,bettereducated,healthier,prettierandhappierthananygenerationofchildrenthateverbeforewalkedthevillagestreet.67．Bysayingthatvillageisnotdead,but“villagelife”isdead,thewritersuggeststhat______.A．thoseyoungpeoplewhotalkofthevillageasbeing“dead”arewrongB．thetwostatementsareagainsteachotherC．“villagelife”todayisratheruninterestingD．“villagelife”todayisnolongerlikewhatitusedtobe68．AsissuggestedinParagraph2,villagersinthepast______.A．livedasimplerlifethanvillagerstodayB．knewfewerpeoplethanvillagerstodayC．founditdifficulttoenjoythemselvesD．liketowashthemselveswithcoldwater69．Theexpression“…thereisnopointwhateverintalkingabout…”inParagraph3meansthat______.A．thereisnoendtothetalkingabout…B．itisharmfultotalkabout…C．itisnotmeaninglesstotalkabout…D．thereisnoreasonfortalkingabout…70．Fromthepassagewecanseethewriter’sattitudetoward“villagelife”is_____.A．clearB．totallynegative（消极的）C．almostneutral（中立的）D．unclearESquaretablescreateacompetitiveordefensiverelationshipbetweenpeopleofequalstatus.Squaretablesareidealforhavingshortconversationsortocreateasuperior-subordinate(上下级)relationship.Themostcooperationusuallycomesfromthepersonseatedbesideyouandtheoneontherighttendstobemorecooperativethantheoneontheleft.Themostresistanceusuallycomesfromthepersonseateddirectlyopposite.KingArthurusedtheRoundTableasanattempttogiveeachofhisknightsanequalamountofauthorityandstatus.Aroundtablecreatesanatmosphereofrelaxingandstatus.Aroundtable\ncreatesanatmosphereofrelaxinginformallyandisidealforpromotingdiscussionamongpeoplewhoareofequalstatusaseachpersoncanclaimthesameamountoftableterritory(领域).Removingthetableandsittinginacirclealsopromotesthesameresult.Unfortunately,KingArthurwasunawarethatifthestatusofonepersonishigherthantheothersinthegroupitchangesthepowerandauthorityofeachindividual.TheKingheldthemostpowerattheRoundTableandthismeantthattheknightsseatedoneithersideofhimwerenon-verbally(无言)grantedthenexthighestamountofpower,theoneonhisrighthavingalittlemorethantheoneontheleft,andtheamountofpowerdiminished(减弱)relativetothedistancethateachknightwasseatedawayfromtheKing.Therefore,theknightseateddirectlyacrossthetablefromKingArthurwasineffect,inthecompetitive-defensivepositionandwaslikelytobetheonewhogavethemosttrouble.Manyoftoday'sbusinessofficialsusebothsquareandroundtables.Thesquaredesk,whichisusuallytheformaldesk,isusedforbusinessactivity,briefconversations,reprimands(训斥)andthelike.Theroundtable,oftenacoffeetablewithoutthearoundseating,isusedtocreateaninformallyrelaxingatmosphereortopersuade.71.Theunderlinedwordstatusprobablyhasthemeaningof.A.chanceB.workC.positioninrelationtoothersD.environment72.Thewriterwantstotellus.A.squaretableshavebetterresultsintalkingB.roundtableshavebetterresultsintalkingC.sittingontheleftisbetterthanontherightD.differenttableshavedifferentresultsintalking73.Whenasquaredeskisused,whatdoesthatmean?A.Itmeansaformalorrelaxingatmosphere.B.Itmeansainformalorrelaxingatmosphere.C.Itmeansacompetitive-defensiverelationshiporreprimands.D.Itmeansacompetitiveordefensiverelationshiportopersuade.74.Lookatthedrawing,thecrownistheKing'splace,whereshouldthepersonwhoislikelytogivemosttroublesit?75．Imaginethat________,theywill,accordingtowhatisdiscussedinthetext,probablychoosea________table.A.ifteachersandtheirstudent’sparentsaretomeet,squareB.ifthelawyerandhisclient(s)aretomeet,roundC.iftheofficialsoftwocountriesatwararetomeet,roundD.ifthechildrenfromdifferentbackgroundsaretomeet,square56-60CBCDC61-65DBDBD66-70CDADC71-75CDCCB