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2017高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之完形填空锁定高考说明文【2016·上海】 Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagers22\nevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating61.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally63.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene65.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness【答案与解析】试题分析:本文是说明文,介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。51.D考查动词辨析。根据后半句"....willdoanythingtoavoidit"可知人们本能上不喜欢工作,他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。52.A考查名词辨析。tothecontrary相反的;tothedegree在某种程度上;totheextreme走向极端。此处是说,无论如何,尽管很多证据与这个理论相反,很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。53.B考查上下文串联。本句中forexample表示举例说明;这些管理人仍然同意X理论,例如他们认为如果要员工效率高,就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。54.D考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makesforauthoritarianmanagers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法,他们的决定是来自上而下的,没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。55.C22\n考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论,使用本句使用动词“manage管理”,不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。56.B考查动词短语辨析。referto提到,谈到;contributeto做贡献;导致;objectto反对;applyto适用于。此处是说,亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法,所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。57.A考查名词辨析。agreement同意;practice练习,做法;election选举;impression印象。此处是说,亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同协商基础之上的,西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。58.D考查形容词辨析。根据前半句"....womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen...."可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力,比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。62.B考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地;traditionally传统地;inadequately不充分地;occasionally偶尔地;根据后句“Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagement...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法,与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。63.D考查动词辨析。动词deny否认;admit承认;assume假定,设想;ensure保证,确保;授权管理是一种新型的管理方法,省略了中央管理环节,保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。64.A考查上下文串联。形容词virtual虚拟的;ineffective低效的;day-to-day日常的;on-the-scene现场的;根据后句“whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中,人们都是通过邮件和网络联系,说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。65.C考查名词辨析。名词opinion观点;risk冒险;performance表现;attractiveness魅力;根据后半句中“intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem”可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故C项正确。22\n【名师点睛】本篇完形填空对语境理解和词汇的复现进行了集中考查,占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。名题精炼(一)Givingasuccessfulspeechrequiresmanythings,butthemostimportantismakingeyecontact.Asamatteroffact,eyecontactistoaspeech 1 ahand-shakeistoagreeting. Eyecontactisanonverbal(非言语的) 2 thathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastotheaudience. 3 itspersuasivepowers,eyecontacthelps 4 listeners’interest.Successfulspeakersmust 5 eyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersalways 6 theirnotes.Otherslookoverthe 7 oftheirlistenersatthebackwallortheceiling.Bothare 8 topreventyoufrom 9 theaudience’sexpression.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodium(演讲台)orfromacrossthetable,areregardedasmore 10 andsincere. Toshowthe 11 ofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-by 12 whentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atone 13 arethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeel 14 andimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertain 15 withsomeone. Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandcontrolthelisteners.Itis,infact,importantto 16 anaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues(视觉暗示)fromaudiencememberscan 17 thataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakeristalkingabouta 18 pointfortoolong,orthatapointrequiresfurther 19 .Aswehavepointedout,visualfeedback(视觉反馈)fromlistenersshouldplayanimportantrolein 20 aspeechasitisdelivered. 1.A.that B.whichC.whatD.as22\n2.A.abilityB.techniqueC.methodD.access3.A.ExceptB.ButC.BesidesD.Aswell4.A.attractB.raiseC.developD.hold5.A.maintainB.supplyC.offerD.connect6.A.lookonB.takeonC.focusonD.turnon7.A.handsB.headsC.eyesD.feet8.A.goingB.likelyC.sureD.about9.A.readingB.enjoyingC.lookingD.admiring10.A.doubtfulB.aggressiveC.impoliteD.believable11.A.effectivenessB.factC.influenceD.use12A.moveB.playC.performD.behave13.A.sideBerC.handD.extreme14.A.happyB.puzzledC.frightenedD.awkward15.A.dealB.linkC.friendD.promise16.A.seeB.greetC.analyzeD.control17.A.indicateB.talkC.feelD.find18.A.particularB.someC.specialDmon19.A.evaluationB.researchC.explanationD.discussion20.A.givingB.assessingC.listeningtoD.shaping【答案与解析】5.【解析】A根据下文可知,此处是说成功的演讲者必须“保持(maintain)”至少75%的目光交流。故选A项。6.【解析】C前一句说成功的演讲者在演讲中利用目光交流的程度,后面说一些演讲者不利用目光交流的不正确做法。这里说明的是有的演讲者会始终把目光“聚焦在(focus22\non)”笔记上。故选C项。7.【解析】B该句讲的是一些演讲者不善于运用目光交流的另一种做法,即将目光越过听众的头上方而看向后墙或天花板。故此处填heads。8.【解析】B这是总结上面两种不正确的做法,都“可能(likely)”导致不好的结果。故选B项。9.【解析】A这两种做法都缺少和听众的目光交流,因而会阻止演讲者“读懂、看透(read)”听众的表情。故选A项。10.【解析】D该词应该和空处后面的sincere表达的意思相近的词,故选用believable表示善于目光交流的演讲者会被认为是更加可信、更加忠诚的。故选D项。11.【解析】A阅读该段可知,此处作者以日常生活中的例子来加以说明目光交流的“有效性(effectiveness)”。故选A项。12.【解析】D以路上的过路人为例,当他们在街上遇到,瞥一眼对方,他们会有什么样的“表现(behave)”。故选D项。16.【解析】C该段第一句说明,目光交流让演讲者了解和控制听众,后面说明了具体的分析方法,所以此处说明的是它实际上对于在演讲过程中“分析(analyze)”观众很重要。故选C项。17.【解析】A此处分析方法,来自观众成员的视觉暗示能“表明(indicate)”演讲过于冗长。故选A项。18.【解析】A此处that后面的说明和前面thataspeechisdragging相关,故一个冗长的演讲实际上是演讲者谈论一个“特定的(particular)”话题太长。故选项A为正确答案。19.【解析】C或者是某一个问题需要进一步的“解释(explanation)”。故选C项。20.【解析】D最后总结,正如我们所指出的,来自听众的视觉反馈应该在“塑造(shape)”一个演讲中起着重要的作用。故选D项。(二)Inthepast,peopleusuallybelievedwhatnewly-bornbabieswantedwasfoodandtobekeptwarmanddry.Theythoughtbabieswerenotableto 1 thingsuntiltheywerefiveorsixmonthsold. 2 theresearchersintheUnitedStatesnowbelievebabiesbeginlearningontheirfirst 3 oflife.Theysaybabiesarestrongly 4 bytheirenvironmentandonebabywill 5 ifhisorhermotherdoessomethingthatthebaby22\nlikes. Ababylearnstogetthebestcarepossiblebysmilingto 6 hermother.Thisishowbabiesstarttolearnto 7 andcommunicatewithotherpeople.Theresearcherssaythisabilitytolearn 8 inababyevenbeforebirth.Theyalso 9 theideathatnewly-bornbabiescan 10 andunderstandsoundstheyheardwhiletheywerestill 11 insidetheirmothers. Recently,anAmericanstudy 12 112babiesfoundbabieslearnedbetterwhentheywere 13 .Thebabiesappearedtolearnwellwhethertheyweresittingupontheirown,sittinginseatsor 14 tositup.Theresearcherssaykeepingthatkindof 15 hadwhattheycalleda 16 effectonthebabies’abilitytolearnaboutobjects.Theysaythebodypositionmaybelinkedtodevelopmentinthe 17 .One 18 saysbabiescanpaymoreattentionto 19 anobjectiftheydonothavetobe 20 abouttheirbalance. 1.A.eatB.knowC.rememberD.learn2.A.BesidesB.WhileC.ButD.Therefore3.A.hourB.dayC.weekD.month4.A.influencedB.acceptedC.disturbedD.moved5.A.cryB.smileC.eatD.sing6.A.annoyB.loveC.noticeD.please7.A.liveB.connectC.speakD.smile8.A.disappearsB.informsC.existsD.happens9.A.inferB.supportC.denyD.instruct10.A.recognizeB.realizeC.receiveD.record11.A.sleepingB.deliveringC.mindingD.developing12.A.helpingB.raisingC.involvingD.containing13.A.sleepingsoundlyB.lyingdownC.awakingclearlyD.sittingup14.A.assistedB.forcedC.askedD.mentioned15.A.hobbyB.gestureC.decorationD.purpose16.A.negativeB.unmarkedC.significantD.side17.A.languageB.feelingC.brainD.body18.A.psychologistB.motherC.doctorD.researcher22\n19.A.exploringB.findingC.feelingD.discovering20.A.eagerB.confidentC.worriedD.curious【答案与解析】1.【解析】D由上下文内容可知,以前人们认为婴儿要到五六个月大的时候才开始学习事物,答案为D项。2.【解析】C但最新的研究表明婴儿从一出生就开始了学习过程,甚至在他们还未出生时就开始。故答案为C项。3.【解析】B根据第2题解析可知答案为B项。4.【解析】A研究人员称,婴儿极容易受外界环境的影响。A项“影响”;B项“接受”;C项“打断,妨碍”;D项“移动,搬家”。答案为A项。5.【解析】B根据第二段开头“Ababylearnstogetthebestcarepossiblebysmilingto...”可知,当母亲做婴儿喜欢的事情时,婴儿会报以微笑。答案为B项。6.【解析】D婴儿通过微笑来取悦母亲,回报给予的呵护。A项“使恼怒”;B项“爱”;C项“注意到”;D项“取悦,使高兴”。答案为D项。7.【解析】B这是婴儿学习如何与别人联系和交流的方式。根据后面的communicate可知应该选择B项,意为“联系,连接,接通”。11.【解析】D根据第9题解析可知答案为D项,意为“发展,发育”。A项“睡觉”;B项“投递,演讲,接生”;C项“介意”。12.【解析】C最近,美国的一项针对112名婴儿的研究发现当婴儿能够坐起来的时候学习效果是最好的。A项“帮助”;B项“举起,养育”;C项“包括,牵涉”;D项“含有”。答案为C项。13.【解析】D由下文“Thebabiesappearedtolearnwellwhethertheyweresittingupontheirown”可知答案为D项。14.【解析】A根据前文“sittingupontheirown,sittinginseats”可知应该选A项,意为“帮扶”。婴儿被扶着坐起来。15.【解析】B此处用gesture“体态,姿势”代表前面提到的situp,所以答案为B项。A项22\n“喜好,嗜好”;C项“装饰,装修”;D项“目的”。16.【解析】C研究人员称保持坐着的姿势对婴儿学习事物的能力有重大的影响。A项“消极的,否定的”;B项“无记号的,未被注意的”;C项“重大的,有意义的”;D项“负面的”。答案为C项。17.【解析】C他们称这种体态姿势和大脑的发育有联系。婴儿学习能力的获得是通过大脑实现的,所以选择C项。18.【解析】D解析:一位研究人员说,婴儿如果不用担心自己身体平衡的话,他们就可以把更多的注意力用于新事物的探索上。根据上文内容可知这些调查结果都出自于研究人员之手,所以答案为D项。19.【解析】A根据第18题解析可知答案为A项,意为“探索,探究”。20.【解析】C根据第18题解析可知答案为C项。beworriedabout“为……感到焦虑不安”。记叙文【2016·全国新课标I】AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009.Larrywas__41__along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.41.A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing22\n42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.gotholdofB.preparedC.tookchargeofD.controlled48.A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slipawayC.fallapartD.crash55.A.asifB.unlessC.incaseD.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise【解析】试题分析:本文是一篇记叙文,文中主要介绍了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车,积极救人的故事。41.C考查动词辨析。根据下文中Larrypulledover…可知他沿着公路行驶。Travel“行进”,故选C。45.A考查名词辨析。根据第一段末句thefirewasputout可知当时汽车是着火了。flame火苗。46.B考查形容词词辨析。根据第二段中awomen’svoicecomingfromthewrecked22\nvehicle,可知汽车是毁坏了的。used使用;disabled残废的;removed被移除了的;abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。47.A考查动词辨析。根据后句可知他下车灭火。getholdof拿起;prepare准备;takechargeof负责;control控制。故选A48.D考查动词辨析。根据andtoldLarryhehad_49__anemergencycall可知,那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。comedown下来;comethrough经历;comein进来;comeover走过来。故选D。49.C考查动词辨析。根据下文可知这个司机打了电话报警。makeacall打电话。故选C。50.A考查副词辨析。根据语境判断他们听到车内有人发出的声音。then那时;again再次;finally终于;even甚至。故选A。51.D考查动词辨析。根据上文可知汽车着火了,情况很危险,由此推断Larry离汽车远,由此判断走近,才看到车内的那位女士。52.B考查形容词辨析。根据本段末句sheshouldnotmove可知,Larry让这名女士不要动。quiet安静的;still不动的;away远离的;calm沉着的。故选B。53.D考查连词辨析。根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来,而Larry不让她动,怕她伤到脖子,这两句话之间是转折关系。54.A考查动词辨析。根据后句内容判断这位妇女害怕汽车会爆炸。explore爆炸;slipaway溜走;fallapart崩溃;crash坠毁,摔碎。故选A。55.C考查短语和介词辨析。stepforward走上前去;backoff后退;moveon继续;setout出发,根据上文可知Larry害怕她脖子会受伤,前后句之间是假设关系。56.B考查动词短语辨析。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人,都退到后面。57.B考查名词辨析。根据上文Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived可知是救援的警察赶到现场。故选B。58.D考查形容词辨析。根据后句可知警察让他离开了,由此判断Larry询问警察他是否离去。59.A考查短语辨析。forcertain无疑地。60.C考查名词辨析。patience耐心;skill技能;effort努力;promise承诺。故选C。根据上文可知Larry努力挽救了别人的性命。选C。【2016·全国新课标III】WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.Thatmeant21MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootballeverywherefor23.22\nJustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecamebackfrom24.Helookedvery25,buthedidn’tcry.Thatseason,I26allofMiller`srecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’s29.Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,"Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36."Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad37.Ithoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas38aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave39him.Fromthatdayon,Igrew40andalittlemorereal.21.A.cheeringforB.beatingoutC.relyingonD.stayingwith22.A.coachB.studentC.teacherD.player23.A.practiceB.showC.comfortD.pleasure24.A.schoolB.vacationC.hospitalD.training25.A.paleB.calmC.relaxedD.ashamed26.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried27.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched28.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus29.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice30.A.stuckB.hurtC.triedD.lost31.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit32.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology33.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed34.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe35.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally22\n36.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them37.A.memoriesB.ideasC.attitudesD.dreams38.A.stillB.alsoC.yetD.just39.A.challengedB.curedC.invitedD.admired40.A.healthierB.biggerC.clevererD.cooler【解析】试题分析:文章讲述了一个与足球有关的故事。作者想成为球队里最棒的球员,并向最优秀的球员Miller看齐。为了实现梦想,作者刻苦训练,在Miller受伤之后,作者脱颖而出,成为最有价值的球员。作者的表现也得到了Miller认可。21.B考查动词短语辨析。A.cheeringfor为……欢呼;B.beatingout打败;C.relyingon依靠;D.stayingwith和……待在一起。根据"becomethestaronourfootballteam"可知,要想成为球队里的明星,就要打败最优秀的球员,故选B。22.D考查名词辨析。A.coach教练;B.student学生;C.teacher教师;D.player选手,球员。全校最好的球员是MillerKing,故选D。23.A考查名词辨析。A.practice练习;B.show演出,表现,节目;C.comfort安慰;D.pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习,故选A。24.C考查名词辨析。A.school学校;B.vacation假期;C.hospital医院;D.training训练。Miller意外受伤,失去了右臂,作者在他出院后去看他,故选C。25.A考查形容词辨析。A.pale苍白的;B.calm平静的;C.relaxed放松点;D.ashamed羞耻的,惭愧的。根据"buthedidn’tcry"可知,Miller的情况不太乐观,故选A。29.C考查名词辨析。A.decision决定;B.mistake错误;C.accident事故;D.sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是,仿佛是自己应该为Miller的事故负责,作者觉得有点胜之不武,故选C。30.A考查形容词辨析。A.stuck;B.hurt;C.tired劳累的;D.lost丢失的。sawMiller30goingoverafence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆,只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难,因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了,故选A。22\n31.B考查形容词辨析。A.steady稳定的;B.hard困难的;C.fun有趣的;D.fit合适的,健康的。此处是说,手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力,故选B。32.C考查名词辨析。A.praise表扬;B.advice建议;C.assistance帮助;D.apology道歉。作者认为Miller最不愿接受作者的帮助,thelast最不可能的,故选C。33.B考查动词辨析。A.let让;B.helped帮助;C.had有,使;D.noticed注意到。根据"heaccepted"可知,Miller接受了作者的帮助,故选B。34.D考查形容词辨析。A.dropped;B.ready准备好的;C.trapped被困住的;D.safe安全的。作者和Miller两人成功翻过篱笆,故选D。35.A考查副词辨析。A.fine好的;B.wrong错误地;C.quickly迅速;D.normally正常。Miller认为作者表现得很好,故选A。36.C考查代词辨析。A.us我们;B.yourself你自己;C.me我;D.them他们。Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺,故选C。37.D考查名词辨析。A.memories记忆;B.ideas主意;C.attitudes态度;D.dreams梦想。得到了Miller的认可之后,作者的噩梦也不见了踪影,故选D。38.A考副词辨析。A.still仍然;B.also也;C.yet然而,还没;D.just刚刚,仅仅。由Damagedbutnotdefeated可知Mille虽然受伤了,但却不会被打败,作者认为Miller仍然是最强的,故选A。39.D考查动词辨析。A.challenged挑战;B.cured治愈;C.invited邀请;D.admired敬佩,赞赏,欣赏。此处是说,作者认为自己敬佩Miller是对的,故选D。40.B考查形容词比较级。A.healthier更健康的;B.bigger更大的,更重要的,更成功的;C.cleverer更聪明的;D.cooler更酷的,更凉的。从那天起,作者长大了许多,更重视自己的存在了,故选B。议论文【2015·广东】Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis___1___tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive——ifheorsheis___2___healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce___3___.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand___4___die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga___5___lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis7522\nyears!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe___6___linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental___7___untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople___8___childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood___9___.Nowthatthechancesofdying___10___aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The___11___inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee___12___,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin___13___ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe___14___ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto___15___activeanddevoted.1.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately5.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier6.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing7.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure8.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value9.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases10.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet11.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases22\n12.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices13.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement14.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission15.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay【解析】试题分析:这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的,但是随着社会的发展,生活水平的提高,人们的寿命比以前更长了,而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态,为社会做贡献。3.C考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly快速地;harmlessly无害地;endlessly无止境的;separately分离地,分开地。根据文意可知,因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生,因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。4.A考查副词及语境的理解。句意:他们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽,结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终;hopelessly没有希望地;automatically自动地;desperately绝望地,自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。5.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:尽管我们不能永久的活着,我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier更忙的;longer更长的;richer更富有的;happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知,现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。6.D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:作为中年和老年的分界线,65岁可能已经过时了。finishing完成;guiding指导,指引;waiting等待;dividing划分。根据文意可知,把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线,这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividingline分界线,故选D。7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:毕竟,很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress压力,压迫;damage损坏;decline衰落,衰弱;failure失败。根据句意可知,现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的,故选C。8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive幸存;enjoy喜欢,欣赏;remember记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容和thechances22\noflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A。11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes改变;recovery恢复;safety安全;increases增长,增加。根据下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill…可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A。12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意:一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dreams梦想;chances机会;strengths力量;choices选择。根据句意可知,这句话中的while表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B。13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:现在,很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然积极,心态也很年轻。mind心态;appearance外表;voice声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A。14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:随着我们的社会老龄化,我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection保护;suggestions建议;contributions贡献;permission允许。根据文意可知,现在的社会逐渐老龄化,因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献,故选C。15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意:前面还有很长的寿命,他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound听起来;appear好像;出现;turn转,变成;stay保持。根据文意可知,现在人们的寿命更长了,因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态,为我们的社会做贡献。故选D。【考点定位】社会现象类短文。【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文,讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题,主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析,同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上,对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析,同时还需要注意上下文的暗示,选出最符合文意的一项。名题精练(一)ThanksgivingDaywasnear.Lucy,thefirstgradeteacher,gaveherclassafun 1 —todrawapictureofsomebodyorsomethingforwhichtheywere 2 .Whenthestudents22\n 3 theirclasswork,shefoundmostofthemdrewsomepicturesoftheirfamily,teachers,friendsorneighbors.Douglas,however,madeadifferentkindofpicture.Hewasa 4 boy.Hedidn’tactthesameasothers.Healwaysseemedtobeshyandsad.He 5 playedwithotherchildrenduringthebreak 6 theykindlyinvitedhimto.Lucytreatedhimverywell.Shealwayshelpedhimand 7 himtobeconfident.Yes,hispicturewasdifferent.Hejustdrewa 8 ,nothingelse.Hisabstractpicture 9 theimaginationofhisclassmates.Whosehandcoulditbe?Oneguesseditwasamother’shand,formother’shandgiveschildrenwarmthand 10 . Anotherchildguesseditwasapoliceofficer’shand,becausethepolice 11 peopleandcareforpeople.Andthediscussion 12 . Whenthechildrenwerediscussingit,LucypausedatDouglas’desk, 13 down,andaskedhimwhosehanditwas.Thelittleboysaidinasoftlowvoice,“It’s 14 ,teacher.”Douglaswasmostthankfulforherhand.Shewas 15 andfelttearsinhereyes.Shethoughtofthetimesshehadtakenhishandandwalkedwithhimhereorthere.She 16 howoftenshehadsaidtohim,“Takemy 17 ,Douglas.We’llgooutside.”Or“Letmeshowyouhowtoholdyourpencil.” Thestoryspeaksof 18 thankfulness.Italsosayssomethingaboutteachersteachingandparentsparenting(父母对孩子们的养育)andfriendsshowingfriendship.Theymightnotalwayssay“ 19 ”out,butthey’llrememberthehandthatyou 20 outtogivethemloveandbegratefultoyoualways. 1.A.classworkB.questionC.suggestionD.solution2.A.sorryB.regretfulC.thankfulD.responsible3.A.gaveinB.handedinC.putoffD.calledoff4.A.strongB.kindC.differentD.humorous5.A.oftenB.usuallyC.seldomD.ever6.A.becauseB.thoughC.asD.since7.A.encouragedB.discouragedC.cheeredD.praised8.A.handB.faceC.earD.leg9.A.reducedB.ruinedC.inspiredD.used10.AfortB.praiseC.sorrowD.coldness11.A.searchB.questionC.meetD.protect12.A.endedB.succeededC.continuedD.failed22\n13.A.brokeB.pulledC.lookedD.bent14.A.hisB.yoursC.mymother’sD.myfather’s15.A.disappointedB.annoyedC.tiredD.touched16.A.forgotB.regrettedC.rememberedD.understood17.A.handB.bookC.lessonD.gift18.A.ratherthanB.morethanC.anythingbutD.nothingbut19.A.I’msorryB.TakecareC.I’mallrightD.Thankyou20.A.getB.reachC.putD.make【答案与解析】1.【解析】A破折号后是对所填词的解释,同时根据后面一句话中classwork一词的提示可知,老师布置学生“课堂作业(classwork)”。2.【解析】C老师是让学生画一幅他们所“感激的(thankful)”的人或物的画。由后面说明学生们所画的内容可知此处应用thankful。3.【解析】B学生完成了画“交上(handin)”来给老师。4.【解析】C根据后面这个男孩的表现可知,他“与众不同(different)”。5【解析】C男孩害羞,忧伤,故课间“很少(seldom)”和其他孩子玩。6.【解析】B“虽然(though)”其他孩子好心邀请他一道玩,男孩也很少去。7【解析】A老师对男孩很好,经常“鼓励(encourage)”他自信一些。8.【解析】A根据该段后面“Oneguesseditwasamother’shand...”一句可知,男孩只画了一只手,没画别的。9.【解析】C男孩这幅抽象画“激发(inspire)”了其他同学的想象力。10.【解析】A所填词应该和warmth表达同类的意义,妈妈的手给孩子带来了温暖和“安慰(comfort)”。11.【解析】D警察自然是“保护(protect)”和关爱人的。12.【解析】C根据下一段可知,孩子们就这个男孩的画的讨论还在“继续(continue)”。13.【解析】D因为男孩坐在座位上,故老师“弯腰(bent)”问他话。14.【解析】B根据后面一句话可知,男孩所画的是老师的手。15.【解析】D老师眼泪都出来了,是因为了解到男孩画的是自己的手而非常“感动(touched)”。16.【解析】C此处所填词和前一句中thoughtof意义相近,说明了老师对以前的事的回忆。17.【解析】A画上画的是手,老师回忆的是让男孩拉着她的手一起出去的情景,故选A项。18.【解析】B根据下面一句中also一词可知,作者所表达的是这则故事所说的“不只是(morethan)”感恩,也有其他方面的事。22\n19.【解析】D人们可能并不总是把感谢说出来,但他们会记得你伸给他们传递爱的手并总会对你心存感激。20.【解析】B他们能记得你“伸出(reachout)”去给他们传递爱的手。(二)Longlongagoacirclemissedonepieceofitsown.Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforits 1 piece.Butbecauseitwas 2 andthereforecouldrollonlyveryslowly,it 3 theflowersalongtheway.It 4 withtheworms.Itenjoyedthesunshine.Itfoundlotsofdifferentpieces,but 5 ofthemfitted.Soitleftthemallbythesideoftheroadand 6 searching.Thenonedaythecirclefoundapiecethatfitted 7 .Itincorporated(合并)themissingpieceintoitselfandbegantoroll. 8 itwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast, 9 fasttonoticetheflowersortalktotheworms.Afteritrealizedhowdifferenttheworldseemedwhenitrolledsoquickly,it 10 ,leftitsfoundpiecebythesideoftheroadandrolledslowlyaway. The 11 ofthestory,Isuggest,isthatinsomestrange 12 wearemorewholewhenwearemissingsomething.Themanwhohas 13 isinsomewaysapoorman.Hewillneverknowwhatit 14 liketonourish(滋养)hissoulwiththedreamofsomething 15 .Whenweacceptthat 16 ispartofbeinghumanandwhenwecancontinuerolling 17 lifeandappreciateit,wewillhave 18 awholenessthatotherscanonlydesire,which,Ibelieve,is 19 Godasksofus—not“Beperfect”,not“Don’tevenmakeamistake”, 20 “Bewhole”. 1.A.otherB.missingC.restD.remaining2.A.incompleteB.uglyC.ordinaryD.unusual3.A.pickedB.wateredC.admiredD.planted4.A.playedB.chattedC.sangD.danced5.A.neitherB.eachC.allD.none6.A.carriedoutB.putonC.workedoutD.kepton7.A.especiallyB.permanentlyC.perfectlyD.constantly8.A.AlthoughB.NowthatC.UnlessD.Aslongas9.A.veryB.tooC.soD.how10.A.stoppedB.continuedC.hesitatedD.cried11.A.lessonB.rootC.reasonD.cause22\n12.A.degreeB.levelC.senseD.manner13.A.nothingB.somethingC.littleD.everything14.A.smellsB.feelsC.looksD.sounds15.A.betterBmonC.impracticalD.worse16.A.strengthB.kindnessC.imperfectionD.benefit17.A.behindB.atC.ofD.through18.A.recognizedB.searchedC.achievedD.founded19.A.whichB.howC.thatD.what20.A.butB.whileC.andD.otherwise【解析】1.【解析】B文章首句说这个圆圈失去了一块,它想要变完整,所以它到处去寻找它失去的那部分。故此处应填missing。故选B项。5.【解析】D根据but转折可知,圆圈发现了许多不同的块,但“没有一个”很吻合它的那个缺口。故D项正确。6.【解析】D后面说随后有一天这个圆圈发现了一块,故此处说明它“继续(keepon)”去寻找能吻合它缺口的一小块。正确答案为D项。7.【解析】C根据下文它把那个缺失的一块合并到自己的圆圈上,开始滚动了,和它滚动得很快,可知它找到的这一块很吻合。故选C项。8.【解析】B逗号后说它能滚动得很快,是因为它是个完美的圆圈,选择nowthat表示“既然”。故选B项。9.【解析】B圆圈滚动得太快,就没法注意到路上的花了,也不会和那些虫子聊天了。too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。故正确答案为B项。10.【解析】A后面说它留下那块它找到的小块,慢慢地滚着离开了。它只有“停下(stop)”才能留下那块。故选A项。11.【解析】A最后一段是作者就上述故事所得到的启示,故此处用lesson表示“教训”。选A项为正确答案。22\n12.【解析】Cinsomesense表示“在某种意义上说”。前面的故事说明圆圈补全后似乎完美了,却意识到它滚那么快后整个世界对它来说都是那么不同,所以又选择恢复到原来残缺不全的样子。由此可知,在一定程度上的缺失有时才是一种完美。故选C项。13.【解析】D此处用来解释上面所发现的那个道理,所以这里讲拥有“一切(everything)”的人在某种程度上是一个穷人。故选D项。14.【解析】B此处whatitfeellike表示“感觉起来是什么样子”,it指后面的动词不定式。故选B项。15.【解析】A一个人因为拥有了一切,什么也不缺了,所以他就将永远不知道用梦想得到“更好的(better)”的东西来滋养他的心灵是什么样的感觉。故此处正确答案为A项。16.【解析】C最后一段作者重点说明自己的感想,“不完美(imperfection)”是人类的一部分。故选C项。17.【解析】D上文讲小球滚得慢时才可以欣赏花,和虫子交谈,来感受生活,欣赏生活。故此处用through表示因残缺而不断地滚“过”人生,来欣赏它。故D项为正确答案。18.【解析】C在因有缺口而不完美时,我们将会实现别人可望不可即的一种完整。故此处用achieve表示“实现”。故选C项。19.【解析】D空处引导的是一个表语从句,所填词作asks宾语,指事,故用what。故选D项。20.【解析】A破折号后面内容是对前面上帝对我们的要求所做的注释,即不是“完美”,不是“一个错误也不犯”,而是要做到“完整”。这里是not...but...结构,故选A项。22