英语高考全国卷信息归集与高考命题预测 7页

2017届高考全国卷信息与高考命题预测英语一、信息归集1．命题要求变化尽管2017年考纲说明变化细微，但2017年英语科高考命题将体现我国高考“一体四层四翼”的高考评价原则。基于高考真题研究和评价并综合我处和其他高考研究专家对2017年高考英语命题趋势做出提示，信息仅供参考。（1）命题形式：从考纲说明推断，第三部分第二节（语法填空）命题素材为短文形式。（2）考查方式：阅读理解推断题可能不仅限于简单推断类，而体现较高思维层次的推断。2．高考考情报告（1）命题选材丰富多样，体裁多样化。（2）命题素材体现教育意义，落实立德树人任务。（3）弘扬中华优秀文明，引导树立民族自信。（4）试卷追求严谨科学，全面考查语言能力。二、命题预测1．命题素材体现传统文化，在语境中考查知识命题规划重视语境设置，突出考查考生在不同语境下对词汇、句法和语篇的理解和运用能力。试题的语境化设计可体现在各种题型的设计中，特别是从2014年开始引入的新题型--语法填空，更加明显地体现了在语境中考查语法基础知识的特点。例题1：2017届全国100所名校最新高考模拟示范卷（六）语法填空An umbrellaisafolding clothcoversupportedbywoodenormetalribs(伞骨).Theword“umbrella”61(typical)referstoagreatinventionofChina,usedfor62(protect)fromrain.TheChinesecharacterforumbrellaisrelatedtotheshapeofarealone,63(resemble)themodernumbrellaindesign.Someinvestigatorshavesupposedthatitsinvention647\n(create)bytyinglargeleavestobranchy-likeribs.Othersadvocatethattheideaprobablycamefromthe tent,65remainsunchangedinformtothepresentday.66useoftheumbrellawasoftenlinkedtohigh-rankinginancientChina.67atleastoneoccasion,twenty-fourumbrellaswerecarriedbeforetheEmperor68hewentouthunting.Theumbrella69(serve)inthiscaseasadefenseagainstrainratherthansun.TheChinesedesignwaslaterbroughttoJapanviaKoreaandalsointroducedto Persia andthe Westernworld viathe SilkRoad.TheChineseandJapanesetraditionalumbrella,often70(use)neartemples,remainssimilartotheoriginalancientChinesedesign.【语篇导读】本文素材涉及中国传统文化现象—伞的发明和发展，有利于引导考生树立文化自信。2．稳定保持素材的语言真实性学习语言和进行语言测试时，命题者会选取一些情景真实、语言地道的语言材料，这样才能够真正体会到该语言承载的文化。本着这一原则，命题者会尽力保持所选材料的“原汁原味”，同时结合考生的实际水平，按照考生水平进行适当简化。例题2：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷高三英语卷（五）阅读理解CompanyName:MicrosoftFounder:BillGatesMicrosoft,ahouseholdcomputerbrandname,wasfoundedbyBillGatesandPaulAllen.BillGatesgotintoHarvardUniversity,butaftercompletingjustoneyearthere,Paulmanagedtoconvincehimintodroppingout,sothattheycouldfoundtheircompanyin1975.BillandPaulstruggledthroughthefirstfewyearstogetthemselvesestablished.However,theyfinallystruckgoldwiththeirMS-DOSoperatingsystem.CompanyName:Yahoo!Founders:JerryYangandDavidFiloNearly3yearsbeforepriortoGoogle,twoelectricalengineeringgraduatesfromStanfordUniversity—JerryYangandDavidFilo,createdawebsitecalled“JerryandDavid'sGuidetotheWorldWideWeb.”Thesitewasmeanttobeadirectory(目录)forsearchingotherwebsites.Later,inMarchofthesameyear,theyrenamedtheirwebsite7\nto“Yahoo!”Duetobeingstrong-armedbyGoogle,thiscompanyhasbeenstrugglingforanumberofyears.Yet,itstillremainsoneofthelargestwebsitesintheworld.CompanyName:FacebookFounder:MarkZuckerbergWhileinhissecondyearattheHarvardUniversity(2004),Zuckerbergdecidedtobuildadatingwebsitetohelphisfellowstudentsconnectwitheachother.HecalledhiswebsiteFacebook.Rightfromthedayofitslaunch,Facebookstartedattractingmoreandmorememberseachday.Since2015,Facebookhasatotalof1.44billionactivemonthlyusers.CompanyName:GoogleFounder:LarryPageandSergeyBrinLarryPageandSergeyBrinwereresearchstudentsatStanfordUniversity,California.TheyfoundedtheircompanyGoogleinSeptember,1998.Today,theirGoogleisthemostpopularwebsearchengineofall.CompanyName:TimeMagazineFounder:BrittonHaddenandHenryLuceTimeMagazine,oneofthemostpopularmagazinesintheUS,waslaunchedin1923bytwoYalegraduatesBrittonHaddenandHenryLuce.TimewasthefirstAmericanweeklymagazine,andafteritslaunch,itsoonbecamewidelypopular.21.Whatisthesimilarityamongthesecompanies?A.AllofthemarerelatedtotheInternet.B.Allofthemwereborninthe20century.C.Allofthemwerefoundedbystudents.D.Allofthemhavebeendevelopingsmoothly.22.Accordingtothepassage,whenwasYahoofounded?A.In1993.B.In1995.C.In1997.D.In1999.23.Thecompanywiththelongesthistoryis___________.A.MicrosoftB.Yahoo!C.GoogleD.TimeMagazine24.Whichcompaniesarecompetingagainsteachother?A.MicrosoftandYahoo.B.FacebookandGoogle.7\nC.YahooandGoogle.D.FacebookandYahoo.3．试卷内容贴近生活，贴近时代，素材符合考生认知水平从历年的高考英语试卷可以看出，从试卷中的听力、完形填空、阅读和书面表达等，各部分的选材尽量体现以上原则。如果考生知识面较广，对这些内容的背景知识有一定程度的了解，会在阅读中占领先机。例题3：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷高三英语卷（三）阅读理解Amongourgreatestachievementsistheaccumulatedtechnologicalculture--thetool-usingskillthatispassedfromonegenerationtothenext.ButasimilarobservationmightbemadeabouttheNewCaledoniancrow,theonlynon-humanspeciesassumedtopossessitsownaccumulatedtechnologicalculture.Howthecrowstransmit(传达)knowledgetoeachotheristhefocusofastudybyCorinaLogan,ajuniorresearchfellowatUCSantaBarbara'sSageCenter."Wedon'tknowhowtheylearn,andwedon'tknowwhetherthecrowsarepayingattentiontotheactionsofotherswhentheylearnfromsomeoneelse，"saidLogan.Thecrowshavebeenobservedusingtoolsthey'vemadeoutoflong,narrowPandanusleavestodigwormsoutoflogs.Evenmorecurious,thecrowshavealsobeenobservedusingtoolsmadeofthesamematerialbutindifferentshapes--wide,narrowandstepped.However,noonehasbeenabletoexplainthegeographicvariationintoolshapes--allthreeshapesareseenatthesouthendofNewCaledonia,whilethesteppedtoolismorepopulareverywhereelse."It'sthoughtthatinorderfortoolshapestobetransmitted,onebirdwouldhavetowatchanothercuttingtheleafandthenmimicthatbird'sactions."Logansaid.Inanexperiment,shefoundifonecrowsawacompanioninteractingwithaparticularareaofadevice,reachingitsbillthroughadoorandpullingoutapieceofboiledegg--thetreat--theformerwasmorelikelytotrythatparticulardoorbeforechoosingtheotheraccessoptions.Butoncetheywenttothatdoor,theybegantosolvetheproblemontheirown."Thesociallearningattractsthemtoaparticularobjectandthentheysolveitthroughtrialanderrorlearningafterthat,"Logansaid.7\n31.WhatisuniquetotheNewCaledoniancrowcomparedtootherbirds?A.Theabilitytousetoolsforfood.B.Theabilitytospeakabirdlanguage.C.Theabilitytocommunicatewithbodylanguage.D.Theabilitytoaccumulatetechnologicalknowledge.32.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribecrows?A.Curious.B.Cautious.C.Smart.D.Popular.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Observe.B.Copy.C.Predict.D.Explain.34.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromtheexperiment?A.Crowswoulddowhateverothersdo.B.Somecrowsareclevererthanothers.C.Crowswouldlearnfromothersbutnotentirely.D.Crowsdidn’tpayattentiontoothers’actionsatall.语篇导读：乌鸦是一种非常聪明的鸟，它们在觅食时会利用并且自制工具。那么它们是如何学得这种技能的呢？这正是科学家一直以来研究的问题。4．素材体现对核心素养的蕴涵式考查和引导，传递课程改革理念部分素材的选取特别注重对目的语国家社会生活和文化知识的介绍和传递，体现文化内涵。部分素材可能体现情感和正面价值观等思想，体现英语教学的教育性。例题4：2017届高三第四次联考-英语试卷完形填空AcoupleofmonthsagoIwasdowninSaoPaulo,Brazilforaboutaweekforwork.AndIcanconverseinSpanish1don’tknowanyPortuguese.SoinspeakingIcouldonlygoasfarasthe2withSpanishcouldtakeme.OneofthelastdaysIwasdownthereIwenttoaMallfoodcourtto3somefoodfromalittleItalianfastfoodrestaurant.Andwhenitwasmyturnthecashier4ifIhadanysmallerbillsotherthana$50BrazilianReais.SoIsetthemoneydown5thecounterandstartedlookingthroughmywalletandsettingdownmoney,butcouldn’tfind6smallerbillstopayformyfood.7\nSoshesaiditwouldbefineandstarted7theappropriatechangeoutofthecashregister.Shehandedmeoverthe8withthechangeandIcollectedtheloosebillsthatIhad9.ThenIwalkedoverandsatdownata10andwaitedforthemtobringoutthe11.AsIsattheirwaitingIstartedlookingthroughmy12onlytorealizethatnotonlydidIgetthefoodandmychangeback,butIstillhadthe13$50BRL.Ihadsetitdownonthetableandhad14otherloosebillsontopofitandinthe15shehadnottakenmymoney.SoIwentbackovertotheladyatthecashregisterandtriedto16totheladyasbestaspossiblethatshehadnot17mymoney.Shewaspartlyconfusedfromthelanguage18,butseemedjustasconfusedthatIhadcomeback19.ButIjustknewthatIhaddonethat20todoandthathonestyisapartofwhoIam.1.A.thoughB.butC.whenD.because2.A.communicationsB.influencesC.connectionsD.similarities3.A.orderB.prepareC.deliverD.return4.A.doubtedB.determinedC.askedD.proposed5.A.underB.onC.inD.beside6.A.enoughB.suitableC.valuableD.correct7.A.sortingB.makingC.leavingD.collecting8.A.breadB.receiptC.cardD.plate9.A.laidoutB.gettinginC.givenawayD.putaside10.A.counterB.doorC.tableD.chair11.A.cashB.foodC.changeD.bill12.A.menuB.walletC.notesD.pocket13.A.originalB.extraC.excellentD.appropriate14.A.noticedB.arrangedC.piledD.compared15.A.confusionB.excitementC.terrorD.embarrassment16.A.contributeB.explainC.supplyD.require17.A.figuredB.exchangedC.managedD.taken18.A.differenceB.magnificenceC.imaginationD.development19.A.inturnB.inadvanceC.intimeD.inbrief20.A.constantlyB.occasionallyC.properlyD.immediately7\n本文是夹叙夹议的文章。在布鲁塞尔旅游的时候，因为语言的差异，“我”与当地人沟通不是很流畅。在饭店订饭时，因为服务员与“我”交流上很费劲，结果忘了收“我”的钱，发现后“我”及时把钱给她，由此“我”认识到诚实是“我”的一部分。5．书面表达新课标高考注重对考生写作能力的有效考查。话题贴近考生生活经历和认知水平，为了保证测试公平，多从日常生活中寻找命题情境的切入点。在设计形式方面，为了尽量提高信度，命题者尽力在开放性和控制性间谋求最佳平衡点。例题5：2017届全国100所名校最新高考冲刺卷·英语卷（一）第二节书面表达假定你是李华，在ChinaDaily上看到某外资出版集团MrSmith刊登的招募翻译志愿者的广告，任务是出版物英译中。请根据广告给写封邮件，内容包括：1.自我介绍;2.写信原因；3.申请的优势。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。7