初中语法_现在完成时课件 52页

语法课堂\n上一页现在完成时下一页主菜单\n同学们好！今天我们介绍的英语语法知识是时态中的现在完成时。现在完成时是中考考纲要求的五种基本时态之一，要求同学们必须掌握并熟练运用。这种时态的动词变化，基本用法，时间状语，特殊结构等要点与其他四种时态相比要有一定的难度，希望同学们重视并且能够从下面的介绍中获得帮助。\npresent(now现在)future过去past现在完成时(presentperfecttense)domyhomework\n现在完成时主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与havegone比较与一般过去时的用法比较\n现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(has）+过去分词\n过去分词的构成上一页下一页Typeoriginalp.tp.pcutcutcuthit(撞击)hithitcostcostcosthurthurthurtPut(放)putputreadreadreadAAA主菜单\nmeetmetmetkeepkeptkeptmakemademadebringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldlendlentlentspendspentspentfindfoundfoundhearheardheardbuildbuiltbuiltABB\nbeginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunkswimswamswumspeakspokespokenchoosechosechosenknowknewknownforgetforgotforgottenbreakbrokebrokendrivedrovedrivengivegavegiveneatateeatenwritewrotewrittenABC\nseesawseengowentgonetaketooktakenrideroderiddenwakewokewakengrowgrewgrowndrawdrewdrawnhidehidhiddenABC\n写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。1leave-________-_______2catch-________--________3tell-________--_________4stand-______--______5get-_______--________6hurt-________--_________7put-_______--_________8come-_______--________9run-________--_________10begin-________--_________11swim-_________--________12draw-_________--_________13know-________--__________14do-_______--________15go-_______--_________16give-_______--_______17see-_______--________18drive-_______--________19take-______--_______20be-________--________21eat-_____--______22write-_______--______23speak-______--________24steal-_______--________25tear-_______--________leftleftcaughtcaughttoldtoldstoodstoodgotgothurthurtputputcamecomeranrunbeganbegunswamswumdrewdrawnknewknowndiddonewentgonegavegivensawseendrovedriventooktakenwas,werebeenateeatenwrotewrittenspokespokenstolestolentoretornPleaserememberthem.\nHomework:抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.be--2.come—3.go--4.do—5.have--6.drink—7.give--8.eat–9.know--10.make—11.run--12.say—13.see--14.find—15.draw--16.get—17.hear--18.begin—19.buy--20.leave—was/were--beencame--comewent--gonedid--donehad-haddrank--drunkgave--givenate--eatenknew--knownmade--maderan--runsaid--saidsaw-seenfound--founddrew--drawngot--gotheard-heardbegan--begunbought--boughtleft--left\n写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1become_______-________2break_______-_________3bring_______-________4build_______-_________5bite_______-_________6catch_______-_________7choose________-_______8cut________-__________9fall_______-__________10fly_______-__________11forget_______-_______12grow________-_______13hit______-______14hurt_____-______15keep_____-______16lend______-_____17lose______-______18meet_____-______19put______-______20read______-_____21ring______-______becamebecomebrokebrokenbroughtbroughtbuiltbuiltbitbitcaughtcaughtchosechosencutcutfellfallenflewflownforgotforgottengrewgrownhithithurthurtkeptkeptlentlentlostlostmetmetputputreadreadrangrung\n现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.\n例句：1.Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间。2.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他还没完成作业。3.Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,Ihave.是的，看过了。No,Ihaven’t.不，没看过。4.WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.Theyhaven’tseeneachothersince1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。\n现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。\n上一页下一页IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。\n3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去过颐和园)Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单\n3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,\n现在完成时的时间状语◆常与①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks⑩thesedays,⑾since⑿foralongtime连用上一页下一页主菜单\na）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？\nb）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？\nc）just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。\nd）before用于完成时，而ago用于过去时Hehasstartedhisworktenyearsbefore.他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。Hestartedhisworktenyearsago.他是十年前开始他的工作的。\n常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自从…以来)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)\nMother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready(已经)cleanedthem.\ncombyourhair------havecombeditwashyourhands-----havewashedthemstudyforEnglishtest-----havestudiedforittellmethetruth-----havetoldyoueverythingvisityourgrandpa-----havevisitedhimlistentotheEnglishtape-----havelistenedtoitMother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealreadycleanedthem.\nFather:Tellyoursistertobuysomemilk,John.John:Oh,shehasjust(刚刚)boughtsome.\nFather:Tellyoursistertobuysomemilk,John.John:Oh,shehasjustboughtsome.carrysomewaterfortheoldman----hascarriedsomeboilsomewater----hasboiledsomemakesomecoffee----hasmadesomecallMr.Smith----hascalledhimmendtheshirt----hasmendeditdryherhair----hasdriedhers\n短暂性动词与时间段的关系●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。主菜单\nbecome→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),下一页上一页主菜单\n●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单\n翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.WW下一页上一页主菜单\n3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单\nhavebeen与havegone的用法比较havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单\nHassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单\n用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_______________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto\n与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单\neg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。主菜单\n二．当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单\n三．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单\n上一页现在完成时练习主菜单\n动词填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单\n4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一页上一页主菜单\n选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单\n用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单\n改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单\nThehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning\n6.--Whenwilltheyleave?---They______verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7--Washestudyingforanexam?--Yes,he's____itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts\n、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.\n\nThankyou!Goodbye!