初中词义辨析(精华)课件 71页

第十讲\n词义辨析\n方位介词on:在…上。表面接触。over:在垂直正上方.<反>underabove:在上方,高于某物,不一定垂直。<反>belowon,over,aboveThereisashiptheriver.Thereisabridgetheriver.Thereisaplanethebridge.onoveraboveonoverunderabovebelowbeneath\n地理方位in:在内部。on:搭界。to:不搭界。in,to,onBeijingisthenorthofChina.inJapanistheeastofChina.toHunanisthesouthofHubei.on\ninfrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof:在…前面(范围之外)inthefrontof:在…的前部(范围之内)ThereisacarinfrontofthehouseandTomsitsinthefrontofthecar.Tom一言辨异\ncross,across,throughacross:prep.从表面横穿through:prep.从内部空间穿cross:v.穿过，越过*goacrossthestreet=crossthestreet*gothroughthetunnel/forest*swimacrosstheChannel*Theriverrunsthroughthiscity.\ninthetree,onthetreeinatree:不是树上结的东西onatree:树上长的。onthetreeinthetree\naccept,receiveaccept:主动接受receive:收到Ireceivedagift,butIdon’twanttoacceptit.接收接受一言辨异\nalone,lonelyIwastravellingaloneinthelonelymountain.Ididn’tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.孤单我独自行走在荒凉的山里，虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞.adv.状语独自adj.定语荒凉的孤独不在独处时只在闹市中表语孤独的，寂寞的表语一个人的一言辨异loneadj.定语单独的,独自的,无伴的客观状态aloneadj.表语独自的,一个人的客观情况adv.状语单独地,独自地lonelyadj.表语孤独的,寂寞的主观感受定语偏僻的,荒凉的,孤独的\nill,sickill:adj.表示“有病的”只能作表语,不能做定语.作定语时表示“恶劣的,邪恶的”sick:adj.作定语或表语:“生病的”,与with连用表原因。作表语“呕吐的,恶心的”生病Mydaughterwassickwithacold.我女儿因感冒而生病。Tomwasillinhospital.Tom生病住院了。Thatillwomankilledherownchild.那个坏女人杀了自己的孩子。Shewantedtohelpsickpeople.她想帮助病人。\nputon,wear,dress,in,穿戴puton后接衣服强调穿的动作Putonthecoat.wear后接衣服强调穿戴的状态Sheiswearingabluedressandaminkcoat.dress后接人dresssb.(动作)给别人穿衣服dressoneself(动作)给自己穿衣服bedressedin+衣服(状态)in后接颜色或衣服强调状态，做定语。thegirlinredSheisinareddress.haveon穿戴着。表状态。无进行时。=bewearing\ntake,cost,spend,paytake时间主语itIttakessb.+时间+todosth.spend金钱/时间主语人sb.+spend+金钱/时间+onsth.(in)doingsth.cost金钱/时间主语物sth.+cost+sb.+金钱/时间(模糊时间段)pay金钱主语人sb.+pay+金钱+forsth.花费知多少\nmadebemadeof+原材料(看得出)bemadefrom+原材料(看不出)bemadeby+制造者bemadein+产地制造Wineismadegrapes.ThiscarismadeGermany.Cottonismadeclothes.Thehouseismadewood.MykiteismadeUncleTom.Waterismadeoxygenanyhydrogen.frominintoofbyupofbemadeinto+成品bemadeupof+组成部分\nborrow,lend,keepborrowsth.fromsb.lendsth.tosb.keep+for+时间段=borrowsb.sth.=lendsb.sth.借入借借出持有一段时间\nsteal,robstealsth.fromsb./sp.robsb./sp.ofsth.偷抢从某人/某地偷东西抢某人/某地东西\nusedtousedtodosth.过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯做某事Heusedtogotoworkbycar,butnowonfoot.beusedtodosth.被用来做…Heisusedtoreadingbooksbeforehegoestosleep.Knifeisusedtocut.\nby,with,in,throughwith:用工具in:用语言、材料by:靠，凭…方式/方法/手段through:通过…途径writewithapen,strikewithahammerkilltwobirdswithonestoneinEnglish,inink,inLargeLetters,inshorthandAllworkhadtobedonebyhand.所有的工作都是手工进行的。Hemakesalivingbyteaching.他以教书为生。Howdidyousendtheletter,byairmailorbyordinarymail?Hecamebytrain,buthiswifecamebybus.Hesucceededthroughhardwork.Thescientiststudiestheskiesthroughatelescope.\nlook,see,watch,readlook:去看。强调看的过程。vi.与at连用see:看见。强调看的结果watch:观看，欣赏(电视,剧,表演,比赛)read:读(书,报,杂志)看Look!Lookatthepictures!Whatcanyousee?\n听listen,hearlisten:vi.与to连用。强调听的动作,不一定听见。hear:vt.听见。强调听的结果。Iwaslistening,butheardnothing.\nsound,noise,voicesound:一切声音noise:噪音Thereisaloudnoiseoutsidetheclassroom.Theteacherhadtoraisehisvoice,”Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”教室外面一片嘈杂，老师只得提高声音说：“光的传播速度比声音快得多。”声音voice:嗓音一言辨异\nsay,speak,tell,talk,chat说sayvt.说，讲。强调说的内容。vi.和…说。saytosb.speakvt.讲某种语言vi.侧重讲的动作。speaktosb.tellvt.告诉,讲述(story,lie,joke)tellsb.sth.tellsb.todosth.talkvi.谈话,谈论talkabouttalkwith/tosb.chatvi.聊天。chatwith/tosb.\nlookfor,find,findoutlookfor:寻找。强调找的过程和动作。find:找到，发现。强调结果。Shelookedforherlostringeverywhere,butshedidn’tfindit.Thenextdayshefoundoutthatalittleboyhadstolenit.findout:找出，发现，查明。指通过调查发现真相。寻找一言辨异\ndiscover,inventdiscover:发现。原本就存在的。Edisoninventedthelight.invent:发明。原本没有ColumbusdiscoveredNewContinent.\ninfuture,inthefutureinfuture:从今以后的全部将来inthefuture:将来的某一时刻ImuststudyhardinfutureandIwillsucceedinthefuture.将来=fromnowon从今以后我必须努力工作，那么将来我就会成功。DoyouwanttogotoAmericainthefuture?Ihopeyou’llbecarefulinfuture.一言辨异\nsleep,asleep,sleepygotobed:上床,就寝。强调动作。与getup对应gotosleep:睡着,入睡。强调结果。=fallasleep：自然而然、不知不觉地睡着。sleepy:adj.疲倦的。睡觉beasleep：睡着了的。强调睡眠的状态。asleep:adj.只能做表语。sleep:v.&n.sleepasoundsleepsleeping:n.睡眠。做定语asleepingbag/car/babysleep：指睡觉的动作过程。\nbestrictin,bestrictwithbestrictinsth.:对某事(工作、学习)严格要求bestrictwithsb.:对某人严格要求。Studentsmustbestrictintheirstudyandteachersmustbestrictwiththeirstudents.严格严格是大爱一言辨异\njob,workjob:n.可数。工作,职业,任务,职责。work:v.&n.不可数。What’syourjob?Igotajobasateacherafewdaysago.Ihavealotofworktodoeveryday.Imustworkhard.工作agoodjob一件好事loseone‘sjob失业beoutofajob失业Doagoodjob.=Goodjob!干的不错atwork在工作workhard努力工作（或学习）\nbring,take,fetch,carrybring:拿来,带来←take:拿走,带走→Pleasebringyourbookhere.fetch:去取来,去拿,去接goandbringcarry:携带,运送,运载带Let’stakeMarytotheparty.Pleasefetchmeacupofcoffee.Don’tforgettocarrythemedicine.Thisplanecancarry550people.\ndie,dead,dying,death1.Hediedsuddenlylastnight.2.Theoldmanisdying.3.LeiFengwasdeadformanyyears,butdeathcan’tbringhimawayfrompeople’sheart.4.Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.5.Theyoungmandiedfromatrafficaccident.死dievi.死。瞬间动词deadadj.无生命的,死的dying现在分词垂死的,要死的deathn.死亡dieof死于…(疾病,衰老)内部原因diefrom死于…(地震,事故)外部原因\ncloth,clothes,clothingcloth:布,布料。clothes:衣服的总称。以复数形式出现。包括上衣，裤子，内衣，外衣，含义较具体。Allherclothesareverybeautiful.她所有的衣服都很漂亮。clothing:服装的总称。包括衣服裤子鞋袜,范围比clothes广,含义较抽象。衣服Theshopsellsmen’sclothing.这家商店卖男装。IneedalotofclothifI’mgoingtomakeanewdress.jacketcoatshirtblousedressskirttrousersshortssweatersockstie\n\nhouse,home,familyhouse:房子。指建筑。无感情色彩。home:家。强调家的氛围或环境，有感情色彩。ShehasanewhouseinShanghai.Shegoeshomeatfiveeveryday.Herfamilyallliketravlling.family:家庭。强调家庭成员。家\nhavebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin,havebeenawayhavebeento:去过某地。(人已回)havegoneto:去了某地。(人未回)-WhereisTom?-HehasgonetoLondon.HehasbeentoLondonthreetimes.WehavebeeninNYfor5years.Mr.SmithhasbeenawayfromParisfor2months.havebeenin:在某地呆着。havebeenaway:离开某地。\n…enoughto…,too…to……enoughto:足够…能够做…too…to…:太…而不能…Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.反too…to…结构在肯定句式中表示否定含义，但在下列情况表示肯定含义。nottoo…to…but/just/onlytoo…to…too…notto…\nbesides,except,exceptfor,besides:除了…之外(还有)从整体中加上,是附加关系=inadditionexcept:除了…之外,从整体中减去,是排除关系。不能放在句首,放在句首需要用exceptfor替代。ShecanspeakFrenchandJapanesebesidesEnglish.exceptfor:“除……之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思，有“瑕不掩瑜美中不足”之意。前后名词性质不同。apartfrom:apartfrom具有多重意义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或exceptfor。在同类或不同类都能用。除了WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.Yourcompositionisquiteexcellentexceptforseveralspellingmistakes.Apartfromtheprice,thedressdoesn’tsuitme.且不说\nsometime,sometimes,sometime,sometimesIttookmesometimetofinishthereport.Wewillmeetsometimenextweek.Shesometimesgoestoschoolonfoot.WehavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes.sometime一段时间sometimeadv.某时sometimes几次，几倍sometimes偶尔，有时口诀分开是”一段“相聚在“某时”分开s是“倍次”相连s是”有时“不到长城非好汉\ntoo,either,also,aswell也also肯定句位于助动词后行为动词前aswell肯定句位于句末不用逗号隔开too肯定句位于句末可用逗号隔开either否定句位于句末可用逗号隔开\nbefamousforbefamousasbefamousfor:因…而著名(不同概念)befamousas:作为…而出名(同一概念)ChinaisfamousfortheGreatWall.著名Chinaisfamousasanancientcountry.\nbeafraidofdoingbeafraidtodobeafraidofdoing:担心出现某种后果beafraidtodo：不敢做害怕一言辨异Mr.Blackwasafraidtoclimbthetree,forhewasafraidoffallingdownfromit.布莱克先生不敢爬树，因为他怕从树上掉下来。\nbefamiliarwithbefamiliartobefamiliarwith:人做主语，某人对…熟悉Sheisfamiliarwithmodernjazz.她对现代爵士乐很熟悉。Yournameisveryfamiliartome.你的名字我很熟悉。befamiliarto:物做主语，物对人来说是熟悉的熟悉\nagreeagreewith:agreeto:.agreeon:同意\nHow…..Howmany多少？对数量提问(可数)Howmuch多少？对数量提问(不可数)Howlong多长时间？对完成时中时间段提问Howsoon多久以后？对将来时中in+时间段提问Howfar多远？对距离提问Howoften多长时间一次？对频率提问\njoin,takepartin,enterfor,attend参加join加入党派组织社会团体成为其中一员(party,army,club)joininsb.takepartin参加某项集体活动enterfor参加竞赛比赛(competition,race)attend参加某种场合(meeting)着重指动作\nhearof/abouthearfromhearof/about:听说。间接听到或听说某人某事。hearfrom:收到…来信HaveyouheardfromSusanrecently?Iheardofherillness.一言辨异\nlearnof/aboutlearnfromlearnof/about:听说…的事情,得知,了解WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng.learnfrom:向…学习I’mverysadtolearnabouthisdeath.\nmanageto,tryto,trydoingmanagetodo:设法做成某事Howdidyoumanagetogetthere?你是怎么设法到达那里的？Thedoctortriedtocurethepatientofherillness,sohetriedtreatingherwithnewmedicine.医生尽力为这个病人治病，因此他试着用新药给她治疗。trytodo:企图，设法去做某事trydoing:尝试做某事一言辨异\nanumberof,thenumberofThenumberofbooksinourlibraryisgoingup.我们图书馆里的藏书数量正在上升。anumberof:大量，许多，后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数thenumberof:…的数量。中心词是number,谓语动词用单数Anumberofstudentsareontheplayground.很多学生在操场上。Anumberofteachersarepresenttoday,thenumberofthemis300.许多老师今天都出席了，人数有300人。一言辨异\nmuchtoo,toomuchmuchtoo:太,非常，后接形容词或副词。toomuch:太多,后接不可数名词,或修饰行为动词,置于句末。Thereistoomuchwaterhere.这里有很多水。Hecan’twritetoomuchonacard.Mywifealwaysworriestoomuch.我的妻子总是担心太多。Theboxismuchtooheavy.Hecan’tcarryit.这个箱子太重了，他搬不动。\nnomore,nolongerIhaveeatenenoughapples.Idon’twanttoeatanymore.=Iwanttoeatnomore.我吃了足够多的苹果，我不想再吃了。nomore:数量、程度上不再…多与非延续性动词连用=not…anymorenolonger:时间、距离上不再…,多与延续性动词连用=not…anylonger不再Hisuncleisnotadriveranylonger.=Hisuncleisnolongeradriver.他的叔叔不再是个司机了。\nwhole,allwhole:与定冠词和物主代词连用时,whole位于它们后all:allthe…整个Allthepeopleherehaveknownthewholetruthaboutthematter.这里所有的人都知道了这件事情的全部真相。一言辨异alltheday一整天=thewholedayallthetime一直thewholetime全部时间\nwish,hopeIwishyousuccess.Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrow.Ihopetowatchthefootballmatchagain.wish:祝愿。难以实现的。hope:希望。可实现的。\nleave,leaveforleave:离开(出发地)leavefor:动身，前往(目的地)。leaveleaveforNigelwillleaveBeijingforSydneynextmonth.\ncompareto,comparewithcompare…to…:把…比作…(有相似性)Don’tcomparemyplanwithothers.不要把我的计划和他人的相比。compare…to/with…:把…和…相比较(有对比性)Heoftencomparestheworldtoastage.他常常把世界比作一个舞台。\nthesame…asbesimilartobedifferentfromthesame…as和…相同besimilarto和…相似bedifferentfrom和…不同\nItis+adj.+forsb.todoItis+adj.+ofsb.todo对某人来说做某事是…...的客观。easy,hard,difficult,possible,impossible某人是…的去做某事主观。表示人品的形容词good,kind,nice,honest,clever\nWhatishelike?Whatdoeshelooklike?他是个什么样的人？指内在特征。kind,nice,clever,honest,shy,polite,quiet,frank,hard-working,awful,lazy他长的什么样子？指外在特征。beautiful,pretty,smart,handsome,tall,short,fat,thin,bigeyes,blackhair,\ndropinat,dropinon,callat,callon,visit参观拜访dropinatsp.关顾、参观某地dropinonsb.看望、拜访某人callatsp.光顾、参观某地callonsb.看望、拜访某人visitsp.光顾、参观某地visitsb.看望、拜访某人\n许多,大量可数名词不可数名词可数/不可数manymuchalotof=lotsofagreat/goodmanyagreatamountofplentyofagreat/largenumberofagreat/gooddealofaquantityofquantitiesof\n不定式和动名词的区分forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事remembertodo记得要做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事stoptodo停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事regrettodo抱歉、遗憾要做某事regretdoing后悔做过某事\nmustn’t,shouldn’t,needn’t,can’tmustn’t千万别做(禁止)needn’t不必做don’thaveto不必做shouldn’t不该做can’t不可能\n同义表达\n立刻immediatelyatoncerightnow充满装满befullofbefilledwith道歉besorrytosb.apologizetosb.来自befromcomefrom亲自byoneselfonone’sownalone由…负责beresponsibleforhavethedutyforinchargeof擅长begoodatdowellin对…有兴趣bekeenonbeinterestedin\n包括包含consistofbemadeupofincludecontain对…有害bebadforbeharmfultodoharmto缺少beshortofbelackof值得做beworthdoingfeellikedoing收到来信receivealetterfromhave/getaletterfromhearfrom匆忙hurryupinahurryhurriedlyhurrytodo阻止stop…fromdoingprevent…from…protect…from…骄傲beproudoftakepridein\n你多大了?What’syourage?Howoldareyou?你叫什么名字？What’syourname?CanIhaveyourname?Yourname,please?多少钱？Howmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?What’sthepriceofit?Whatpriceisit?问询\n(你)怎么啦?What’sthematter(withyou)?What’swrong(withyou)?What’sthetrouble?What’sup?Whatishappening?你要帮忙吗？CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Doyouneedanyhelp?你做什么工作？Whatdoyoudo?What’syourjob?Whatareyou?问询\n今天几月几号？What’sthedatetoday?今天星期几？Whatdayis(it)today?现在几点了？Whattimeisit(now)?What’sthetime(now)?问询天气怎么样？What‘stheweatherlike?\n-Thankyou./Manythanks./Thanksalot.-That’sallright./You’rewelcome./Notatall./It’smypleasure.-Sorry./I’msosorry.-Nevermind./Itdoesn’tmatter./That’sallright.致谢致歉\nWouldyoulike…Whydon’tyou…Whynot…ShallI…You’dbetter…Howabout…Whatabout…建议Fine.OK.Allright.Goahead.答语\n-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?建议做某事-Yes,I’dliketo.-Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t.-Yes,I’dliketo.ButIhavesomethingtodo.建议要某物-Yes,please.-No,thanks.\n\nThankyouforlistening