《初中动词不定式》PPT课件 9页

动词不定式概述：动词不定式由to+do构成（有时可不带to),它的否定式由not+to+do构成，被动式由to+be+done构成动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独做谓语，但是它仍有动词的特点，即有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，在句中可做主、表、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。\n作主语动词不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.较长的动词不定式短语作主语时常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式短语放到后面。It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.在it’s+形容词+for/of+N+动词不定式中，当形容词是careful,clever,kind,good,right,wrong等与人有关的“赞美”或“批评”时用of，当形容词为easy,difficult,hard,important,interesting等与物有关时用for.It’skindofyoutohelpme.It’shardforyoutodoitwell.\n作宾语、表语下列动词之后常跟不定式作宾语agree,decide,hope,fail,plan,wish,learn,choose,would,like/loveTheyplannedtovisitthenewpart.有些动词后用it代替不定式作形式宾语，find,think,believe,make等Hefindithardtogettosleep.动词不定式作表语可作be,seem,appear等连系动词的表语Herjobistodothedishes.\n作宾语补足语、定语动词ask,tell,get,wish,like,want,teach,know,understand,wouldlike等之后，常接带to的不定式作宾语Theteacheraskedustofinishit.动词make,let,have,hear,see,;listento,feel,watch(使役动词）等之后，常接不带to的不定式。Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词后面Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?\n作状语动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的或原因Hewenttoseehisfriendyesterday.疑问词+不定式疑问词what,which,where,how,when等可以和不定式连用，构成不定式短语“疑问词+不定式”可作主语、宾语、表语等。Idon’tknowhowtodoit.\n介词to1.to+do2.to+doingturnto开始devoteoneselfto献身于bedevotedto致力于Lookforwardtopayattentionto注意省to的动词不定式1.情态动词2.使役动词let,have,make3.感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等。在被动语态中，to不能省Isawhimdance=Hewasseentodance.4.Wouldrather,hadbetter5.Help可带也可不带tohelpsb(to)dosth.\n动词不定式的特殊句型1.too…to…表示“太…以至于不能…Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.2…enough…to..表…得足以..Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.3.Whynot不带to的不定式whynotgowithme?4.Hadbetter+(not)+不带to的不定式5.Willyouplease+不带to的不定式Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?\n动名词与不定式语义的不同Stoptodostopding停下来去做停止做某事Forgettodoforgetding忘记要做某事（未做）忘记做过某事（已做）Remembertodorememberding记得去做（未做）记得做过某事（已做）Regrettodoregretding对要做的事遗憾（未做对做过的事遗憾（已做）Trytodotryding企图去做尝试去做\nGoontodogoonding接着做另一件事接着做同一件事Afraidtodoafraidding不敢去做生怕，恐怕Meantodomeanding打算，想意味着begintodobeginding表习惯