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情态动词\n什么是情态动词?本身具有一定的词义,但不能独立作为谓语,只能和后面的行为动词一起构成谓语。无人称和数的变化,后面跟动词要用动词原形。Hecanplaybasketball.中考考查情态动词的基本用法和表推测的用法。\n一、can,could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)Canyouskate?(技能)IcouldswimwhenIwas7yearsold.\n表能力时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。Heisabletohelpyou.(现在时)Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.(将来时)IwasabletoswimwhenIwas7.(过去时)当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.\n2)表示请求和允许。-----CanIgonow?我现在可以走了吗?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.---CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)在表示请求或允许时,could比can语气更加委婉,客气。\n3)表推测Can,could表示--很可能,多用于否定句和疑问句中。Wherecantheybenow?Thatcan’tbetrue.Theycouldn’tbebadmen.中考常考点:can’t表示不可能,表示说话人非常肯定,可能性为0.--IsthatmanMrSmith?--It_behim.HehasgonetoNewYork.A.maynotB.needn’tc.can’tD.mustn’t\nMightandmay表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。\n2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!MayGodblessyou!3)表推测Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能会来。may和might表推测时,意为可能、也许。might的可能性比may小。\n2009·武汉中考) -May I watch TV for a while?-No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn’t B. needn’tC. mustn’t D. won’t\n四、shall/shouldshall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。ShallIopenthewindow?ShallIcleantheroomforyou?should表示“应该”,常用来表示劝告、建议;认为“某人应该做某事”或“有义务责任做某事”。Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.Youshouldn‘twatchTVeveryday。Youshouldn’thavemadethiskindofsillymistakes.Tomshouldhavebroughthisreporttoday.这时它可以和oughtto,besupposedto互换使用\nwill和would1)表示意志或意愿:决心,愿意,……Wewilldoourbesttosavethechild.我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn’tlisten.我叫她别哭,可她就是不愿听。\n2)表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时,用Wouldyou…?比用Willyou…?更婉转。如:Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?请让门开着好吗?Will/Wouldyougowithme?你愿意和我一起去吗?\nmust表示必须、必要。must是说话人的主观看法Youmustcomeintime.haveto强调的是客观需要,不得不Wehadtostayathomebecauseoftheheavyrain.2)must的否定形式是mustn’t禁止,不许的意思3)表推测。Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.ItmustbeJim.must表示很有把握的推测,意为“肯定,一定”注意:表否定的推测只能用can’t,不能用mustn’t.与haveto区别\nMust引导的疑问句,否定回答不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必、不需要).--Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?--Yes,youmust.--No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.\n2010·扬州中考)—Must I mop up the floor now?--No,you________.A.needn't B.can’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t\nneedneedtodo为实义动词{needdo为情态动词Heneedstoseeadoctor.(变疑问句)Doesheneedtoseeadoctor?Ineedfinishmyworktoday.(变疑问句)\n2.由need引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't.如:—Need I answer the question?我需要回答那个问题吗?—Yes, you must.---Yes, you have to.是的,你必须回答。---No, you needn't./youdon’thaveto不,不必了。\n1.(2010·娄底中考)Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor?No,you __ . You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC. must2.The desk is not dirty.You_______cleanit.A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tC.can’t.(2010.内江中考)—What is your mother going to do this Saturday?I’m notsure.She_____goto see my grandmother.A.canB.mustC.may\n(2010·扬州中考)Must I mop up the floor now?No,you________.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t2010·成都中考)-The lake is said to be dry. Is thatture?It _______.Look ,some kids are swimming in it.A. must be true B. can’t be trueC. may not be true\n. (2009·泰安中考) -Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?No, it__ be him. He has gone to Japan.A. needn’t B. may notC. mustn’t D. can’t. (2009·东营中考)If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s dangerous.A. don’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t\n2008·厦门中考) –I can’t give up smoking, doctor. -For your health, I’m afraid you ________.A. may B. can C. have to D. must\n相关情态动词hadbetter最好You’dbettergotherebybus.wouldlike表示愿意Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.我想同你说句话。wouldrather…than…宁愿……也不愿……Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。