人教版高中英语必修五复习资料 7页

Unit1Greatscientists1.putforward提出2.drawaconclusion得出结论3.be/getundercontrol在……控制下be/getoutofcontrol失去控制，不能操纵4.beabsorbedin专心5.betoblame应该受责备（用主动形式表示被动）blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人6.inaddition也，另外，此外7.link...to...将…和…连接或联系起来8.dieof因…而死亡（内因）hungry、saddiefrom因…而死亡（外因）disaster.9.leadto导致，通向10.makesense有意义，说得通11.apartfrom除…之外，此外12.contributeto为…作贡献或捐款，导致，有助于13.beenthusiasticabout对…热情14.becuriousabout对…好奇15.curesb.ofillness治好某人…病16.pointofview态度，观点，看法17.（be）strictwithsb.对某人要求严格Unit2TheUnitedKingdom1.consistof由……组成2.divide…into…把……分成3.atwar(with…)（与……）交战中4.breakaway(from…)挣托（束缚）；脱离5.educational/legalsystem教育/立法制度6.haveagood/badinfluenceon…对……有好/坏影响7.taketheplaceof代替8.breakdown(机器)破坏，损坏；（人）身体出毛病；（计划等）受挫，失败9.makeanerror出错10.leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑11.puzzleover/about为…烦恼，困扰12.debatesth.withsb.与某人讨论、争辩13.atyourconvenience在你方便的时候14.in/withrelationto（介）关于……；和……相关15.underconstruction在建设中undercontrol在控制之中Unit3LifeintheFuture1.makeadeep/strongimpressiononsb.给某人留下深刻印象impresssb.withsth.=impresssth.onsb.使人记住某事2.takeup拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续speedup加速sweepup打扫/横扫/掠过useup用光\ncomeup过来eatup吃光situp熬夜/坐正turnup出现/开大(音/水量)3.remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事remindsb.that…提醒某人……4.asaresult(of…)结果5.sufferfrom遭受6.besimilarto和…相似7.keepdoingsth.一直做某事8.thesixofus我们六人（共六人）9.by/for+lackof…由于……的缺乏10.innotime很快,立刻11.onone’sfeet(从病痛或挫折中)复原12.inalldirections四面八方13.Sb.lose/catchsightof….看不见/看见Sb./Sth.bein/outofsight看得见/看不见atfirstsight第一眼atthesightof…一看见……就……14.providedAwithB向A提供B15.plentyof+[u]/[c]许多17.compareAwithB把A与B作比较compareAtoB把A比喻作B18.forhealthreasons出于健康原因19.bendtherules变通,放宽20.onearth究竟，到底Whatonearthcouldthatmean?这究竟是什么意思？21.beunderrepair在维修中22.searchfor…寻找23.assistsb.in/withsth.=assistsb.indoingsth.=assistsb.todosth.帮忙,协助某人去做某事24.gosoft变软25.speakinwhisper低声地说26.beoptimisticabout…对……乐观27.switchon/offthepower开/关电源28.explaintosb.sth.=explainsth.tosb.向某人解释某事29.giveoff发出（光/热等）30.get/becaughtin…被困在……中31.requiresb.todosth.=requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事32.beequippedwith…装备有……33.beessentialfor/to…对……是必要的\nUnit4MakingtheNews1.becuriousabout对……感到好奇2.on/byone’sown独自，*自己3.concentrateon集中精力于……4.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的5.bring…with…随身携带6.haveanosefor…对……非常敏感7.dependon依赖8.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.withsth.指控某人做某事9.besupposedtohavedone理应当/被认为做过某事10.lookforwardto(doing)sth.盼望做某事11.beeagertodosth./forsth.渴望做……/……12.getthewrongendofthestick(木棍)完全搞错了13.tellthewholetruth说出全部真相14.aheadof在……前头15.set(out)todo/setaboutdoing着手做某事16.pass…onto…把……传递给……17.makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会，预约18.inturn依次，逐个地19.notedown记下20.coversth./interviewsb.报道某事/采访某人21.dosomeresearchon…对……做调查22.workon从事23.lastofall最后24.onpurpose/byaccident故意地/偶然,意外地25.stickto坚持26.AratherthanBA而不是B27.throughsb.’sanalysis通过某人的分析Unit5Firstaid1.give/offer/dofirstaidtosbperform/carryoutfirstaidonsb.对某人实施急救2.fallill生病3.getinjured/infected/burned受伤/感染/烧伤4.saveone’slife挽救某人的生命5.senseoftouch触觉6.electricshock触电；电休克7.takeoff脱下；（飞机）起飞8.squeezeout榨出；挤出9.overandoveragain反复；多次10.inplace在适当的位置；适当11.putone’shandson找到12.presentsb.withsth.presentsth.tosb.赠予/给予某人某物13.apieceofjewellery一件珠宝\n14.cause/dodamageto….使……受到危害/损害15.anumberof+n.(pl.复数)若干；许多16.sticksth.to…贴在…….上17.makeadifference有影响，起作用过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。A类:被动意义:anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。B类:完成意义:aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?二、过去分词作宾语补足语I.位于感官动词“see,hear,feelwatch,notice,find”之后，表示感受到某人或某事被…1.Hedidn’tnoticehiswalletstolen.2.IwaswashingmyclotheswhenIheardmynamecalled.Exercise---1.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions_____.A.beenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndownII.位于使役动词“have,make,get”之后，表示致使某人或某事被…1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,buthestillcouldnotmakehimselfheard.2.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.3.Theyaregoingtohavetheentrancehallpaintedwhite.\n  被动 主动letletsb.doneletsb.dohavehavesb.done havesb.domakemakesb.done makesb.dogetgetsb.done getsb.do1.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage_____.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed2.I’mafraidthatIcan’tmakemyself_____becauseofmypoorEnglish.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understoodIII.位于表示“希望，愿望”的词之后，如“like,want,wish,expect,order”之后，表示希望/要求某人或某事被…1.Hedidnotwantsuchquestiondiscussed.2.Iwouldlikemylivingroompaintedlightblue.Exercise---1.Idon’twantthechildren_____outinsuchweather.A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking1.我很高兴地看到孩子受到了很好的照料。Iwasglad___tosee_____thechild_welltakencareof.2.当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.3.他站了起来，为的是让别人看见他。Hestoodupinordertomakehimselfseen三、过去分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seenfromthesky,ourcityisverybeautiful.(ourcity与see之间是被动关系)Seeingfromthesky,wefindourcityisverybeautiful.(we与see之间是主谓关系)\n过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1)过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1】_____nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.(2009福建卷)A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded【答题指导】四、全部倒装1、（1）there/here+谓语+主语例：theregothesoldiers（2）注意：主语为代词时，以there或here开头的句子不可用倒装例：hereyouare2、(1)方位词(in/out/up/down/away/off/back/over……)/时间词(now/then)+谓语+主语常与go,come,run,fly,flow,rush等动词连用例：awayflewthebirdinrushedthesoldieroverturnsthebottlethencameanotherquestionnowisthetimetotakeaction(2)注意：如果注意是代词，主语和谓语不可倒装例：awayitflewintheyrushed\n3、地点状语+谓语+主语例：bythesidestoodalittleboyinthemiddleofthelakeliesasmallislandbehindthehillisanewexpressway4、表语（形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语+be+主语）例：gonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliketoChinesesittingaroundhimwerehistwochildrenandaneighbour'schildpresentatthedancingpartyweretheteachersinourschoolandsomeforeighfriends5、在“such+be+”主语的结构中，常常用倒装语序例：suchwasthestoryhetoldmesuchwaswhatPeterspokeatthemeeting部分倒装1、(1)用于句首状语的否定词(not,never,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,neverbefore,notuntil,nosooner……than……，undernocircumstances,bynomeans,innotime,innocase,nowhere,notonly……butalso……等例：littledidheknowthatthepolicewerearound.neverhaveIheardofsuchaname.hardlycouldshebelieveherowneyes.nowherewasthekeytobefound.seldomdoeshecomerecently.bynomeansshallIchangetheplan.(2)注意：notonly+句子，butalso+句子，部分倒装在notalso部分例：notonlydoIknowher,butIamalsoherfriend.notuntil+时间状语+部分倒装结构（若含有时间状语从句，仅倒装在主句部分）例：notuntilsheleftdidIrealizeIhadmadeamistake