高中英语必修一第五单元复习资料 5页

Unit5NelsonMandela–amodernhero重点词汇及短语1)meanadj.(1)吝啬的，小气的（反义词：generous）bemeanover/withsth.在...方面很小气、吝啬e.g.He’salwaysmeanover/withmoney.他很吝啬钱。(2)刻薄的，卑鄙的bemeanto对...刻薄e.g.那女人对她继子很刻薄。Thewomanismeantoherstepson.v.意思是，意味着meantodosth.打算做。。。meandoingsth.意味着。。。e.g.我不打算留在这儿。Ididn’tmeantostayhere.接受这工作意味着在国外居住。Acceptingthisjobmeanslivingabroad.2)activeadj.积极的，活跃的，主动的beactivein…积极从事……(=takeanactivepartin…)他工作积极。Heisactiveinwork.3)devotevt.献身；专心于（常与to连用）devoteoneself/sth.to(doing)sth.致力于/献身于/专心于……e.g.你必须专心于学习。Youmustdevoteyourselftoyourstudy.他用课余时间学习英语。HedevotedhissparetimetolearningEnglish.devote+时间+to(doing)sth.=spend+时间+indoingsth.devotedadj.献身的，专心于。。。的；忠实的；深爱的(bedevotedto…为。。。奉献，忠于。。。，深爱。。。)devotionu.n.奉献，忠诚，热心4)foundvt.建立；建设（-founded-founded）可建设、成立具体或抽象的东西。e.g.foundahospital建立一座医院foundanewsociety建立一个新社会foundationu.n.创立；成立c.n.基础；地基；根据；基金；基金会区别：find–found–foundv.找到；发现5)hopefuladj.怀有希望的，有希望的be/feel~of/about/that…对…抱希望或持乐观态度e.g.对未来充满希望be~aboutthefuture我对这次考试取得好成绩充满希望。I’m~thatI’llgetagoodmarkinthisexam.6)votec.n.选票；表决；投票；选举权vi./vt.投票；选举e.g.你还太小，不能投票。Youaretooyoungtovote.常用结构：(1)voteon“就…投票”e.g.我们将就此计划投票。We’llvoteontheplan.5\n(2)votefor/against+sb./sth./doingsth.“投票赞成(支持)/反对…”e.g.他投票反对那个计划。Hevotedagainsttheplan.(3)vote+n./pron./todo/thatclause“投票决定…，投…票”e.g.我们投票决定举行一个晚会来筹款。Wevotedtoholdapartytocollectmoney.7)blowup(blow–blew–blown)(1)使充气e.g.blowupthetyre/balloon给轮胎/气球充气(2)爆炸，炸毁(vi./vt.)e.g.Thebomb/shipblewup.炸弹/船爆炸。Thebridge/railwaywasblownup.那桥/铁路被炸毁了。8)equal(1)adj.相等的；平等的e.g.equalpayforequalwork同工同酬Womenandmenareequal.男女平等。常用结构：beequalto+sb./sth./doingsth.“相当于；能胜任”e.g.一刻钟相当于15分钟。Aquarterisequalto15minutes.他能胜任这工作。Heisequalto(doing)thiswork.AbeequalwithB.“A与B平等”e.g.穷人与富人是平等的。Thepoorareequalwiththerich.(2)vt.等于；比得上e.g.Threetimesthreeequalsnine.3乘以3等于9.谁也比不上她漂亮。Noonecanequalherinbeauty.(3)c.n.平等的人/物e.g.男女平等。Womenareequalsofmen.equallyadv.平等地equalityn.平等9）introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑、不幸、有麻烦等的处境中词语积累：outoftrouble走出困境get(sb.)intotrouble（使某人）陷入困境askfortrouble/lookfortrouble自找麻烦maketrouble制造麻烦；捣乱10）willingadj.乐意的；自愿的e.g.willingworkers志愿工作者常用结构：bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事e.g.他总是乐于助人。He’salwayswillingtohelpothers.11)turnto+n./pron./doingsth.(1)求助于e.g.他求助于老师给他一些建议。Heturnedtotheteacherforadvice.5\n如果你不懂这个词，请查字典。Ifyoudon’tknowtheword,turntothedictionary.(2)转向e.g.向左转turntotheleft他的注意力转向那个可爱的小男孩。Hisattentionturnedtothelovelyboy.(3)翻到e.g.翻到50页turntopage50(4)变成e.g.雪很快变成了雨。Thesnowturnedtorainsoon.12)escapevi.(=runaway)逃离（常与from连用）e.g.escapefromprison/acagevt.逃避，逃脱+n./doinge.g.没人逃得过死亡。Noonecanescapedeath.那小鸟逃不过被杀。Thebirdcan’tescapebeingkilled.13)educatevt.教育；训练常用结构:educatesb.(todosth.)教育某人（做某事）e.g.我们的父母总是教育我们要尊重老人家。Ourparentsalwayseducateustorespecttheold.educateoneself自学educatorn.教育家，教育者educationn.教育，培养，训练14)begvt./vi.乞讨；乞求；恳求；拜托(-gg-)常用结构:beg((for)sth.)(from/ofsb.)（向某人）乞求/乞讨（某物）e.g.他非常穷，所以不得不乞食。Hewassopoorthathehadtobeg(for)hisbread.他依靠向富人行乞为生。Hemadealivingbybeggingfromtherich.begsth.(ofsb.)恳求某人某事e.g.Ibegafavourofyou.我有事求你。beg((of)sb.)todosth.恳求（某人）做某事e.g.Shebegged(of)metostay.她恳求我留下。Thechildrenbeggedtocomewithus.孩子们恳求与我们同来。beg+thatclause恳求某事（从句中常有情态动词）Thechildrenbeggedthattheymightcomewithus.beggarn.乞丐15)rewardu.n.报答，报偿c.n.报酬，奖金inreward(for...)作为(...的)报酬e.g.他没得到任何东西作为报酬。Hegotnothinginreward.vt.给报酬；奖赏常用结构:5\nrewardsb.withsth.用…奖赏某人rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因…而奖赏某人e.g.我们因为他帮助我们而奖给他一个奖品。Werewardedhimwithaprizeforhelpingus.16)setup设立；建立e.g.建立一个医院setupahospital创立一个组织setupanorganizationsetupanewrecord创一个新纪录setup可建立建筑或组织等；build一般指建建筑。17)sentencec.n.句子；判刑，徒刑e.g.Hereceivedaheavysentence.他受到重刑。vt.判决，宣判e.g.法官判处杀人犯死刑。Thejudgesentencedthemurderertodeath.besentencedto被判处……e.g.杀人犯被判处死刑。Themurdererwassentencedtodeath.他被判监禁2年。Hewassentencedto2yearsinprison.18)opinionc.n./u..n.意见，看法，主张haveagood/high/low/…opinionofsb./sth.对…印象好/坏havenoopinionofsb./sth.对…印象不好e.g.他对我们学校印象很好。Hehadagoodopinionofourschool.他对你印象不好。Hehasnoopinionofyou.inone’sopinion/intheopinionofsb.依某人看来e.g.依我看，这本书值得一读。Inmyopinion,thisbookisworthreading.give/expressone’sopinionon/upon对…发表意见重点句子1)HegaveuparichlifeforhisideasandfoughtforhiscountrytobefreefromtheUKinapeacefulway.他为了自己的信念放弃了富裕的生活，并以和平的方式使自己的国家摆脱了英国的殖民统治。(Pre-reading)(be)freefrom...不受。。。的影响，没有。。。的e.g.这是一个无风的日子。Itisadayfreefromwind.这个句子没有错误。Thesentenceisfreefrommistakes.2)Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.(Reading)当“only+状语(即adv./介词短语/状语从句)”位于句首时，主句应部分倒装。（即把情态动词、助动词等提到主语之前。）e.g.IrealizedthatIwaswrongonlythen.→OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Youcansucceedonlybyworkinghard.→Onlybyworkinghardcanyousucceed.IcanbelieveitonlywhenIseeitmyself.→OnlywhenIseeitmyselfcanIbelieveit.(状语从句不倒装，主句部分倒装)Onlyyoucanhelpme.只有你能帮我。(若置于句首的only修饰的词不是状语，则不用倒装。)5\n3)IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.辨析：thefirsttime第一次(相当于连词，引导时间状语从句)forthefirsttime第一次（介词短语,不可引导从句，只作时间状语。）e.g.HevisitedtheWestLake（thefirsttime）hecametoChina.HecametoChina(forthefirsttime).Irememberedher(thefirsttime)Imether.Itis/wasthefirst/second/…timethatsb.have/haddonesth.是某人第…次做某事。5