高中英语复习资料-必修3unit1festivalsaroundtheworld 30页

必修3Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld复习目标闯关要点名师讲解【重点单词】1.starvevt.&vi.(使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需例如：She’sstarvingherselftryingtoloseweight．第30页共30页\n她为了减轻体重而忍饥挨饿。【拓展延伸】starvefor渴望得到……starvetodeath饿死bestarvedofsth.=hope/longforsth.极需，缺乏starvesb．intosth．／doingsth．使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事starvationn．挨饿；饿死Theplantsarestarvingforwater.这些植物极需要水Theygotlostinthedesertandstarvedtodeath．他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死Theenginewasstarvedofpetrolandwouldn’tstart发动机缺油，发动不起来【即境活用】用starve的短语的适当形式填空。1).Thousandsofpeople________________________inAfrica.2).Thesechildrenare________________love.3).Thepeopleontheisland_____________________freshwatersinceithadn’trainedfornearlyhalfayear.Keys:1).starvedtodeath/diedofstarvation2).starvingfor3).werestarvedof2.beliefn.[c,u]信任；信仰；信心believevt.&vi.相信例如：1).Hehasgreatbeliefinhisdoctor.他对那位医生无比信赖。2).ShehaslostherbeliefinGod.她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。[拓展]havebeliefinsth/sb对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心beyondbelief难以置信inthebeliefthat...相信……Itismybeliefthat...我相信……【即境活用】用belief的短语填空。第30页共30页\n1).Hecametome________________________________Icouldhelphim.2).________________________________thatnuclearweaponsareimmoral.3).Thecrueltyofthemurderswas________________.答案：1).inthebeliefthat2).Itismybelief3).beyondbelief3.gainn.获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润；vt.得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快该词有三种含义：1).表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西Hehasgainedrichexperienceintheseyears.这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。2).表示速度、重量等慢慢增加Hegainedweightafterrecoveryfromhisillness.康复后他的体重增加了。3).（钟，表）走快Thisclockgainsfiveminutesaday.这只钟每天快5分钟。[拓展]gainexperience/fame/independence获得经验/名望/独立gainsth.from从……处获得某物gainother’srespect/love/trust获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任Nopains,nogains.一分耕耘,一分收获。【辨析】：gain,win,get,earn,acquiregain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得的报酬acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得【即境活用】win/get/gain/earn/acquire填空对比：I’mnewinthejobbutI’malready___experience.Please____meaglassofwater．Hisperseverance_____himmanyfriendsandagoldmedal．He_____upto$50，000ayearbywritingstories．第30页共30页\nAftersixyears’study，hehas_______agoodknowledgeofEnglish．【答案】gaingetwinearnacquire4.awardn.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定作动词时后接双宾语，awardsb.sth.颁发给某人某物beawardedfor因……而受奖。例如：Medalswereawardedtothebestspeakersonthedebatingteam.奖章授给辩论队中的最佳演说者Hegotthehighestawardinthecontest．他得到了比赛的最高奖。Hewontheawardforthebeststudentoftheyear．他获得本年度优秀学生奖【辨析】：award/prize/rewardaward既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金Hewontheawardforthebeststudentoftheyear．他获得本年度优秀学生奖Aprizewasgiventothepersonwhohadthewinningnumber奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人Hereceivedamedalasarewardforhiscourage．他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏【即境活用】Threeuniversitydepartmentshavebeen______$600,000todevelopgoodpracticeinteachingandlearning．A．promotedB．includedC．securedD．awarded【解析】D考查动词词义辨析。区分动词意思，按照句意排除。promote促进，提升；include包括；secure保证，是安全；award授予，奖给第30页共30页\n5.admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕【即境活用】We_____theoldscientist_____hiscontribution_____thecountry.A.admire;for;toB.admire;at;toC.respect;on;forD.respect;on;at6.permissionn.[u]许可；允许permitvt.准许；许可；允许permitn.许可（证）；执照例如：Youhavemypermissiontoleave.我准你离开。[拓展]with/without(one’s)permission得到允许/未经允许asksb.forpermission征求某人的许可givesb.permissiontodosth.:permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事haveone’spermission得到某人的同意【即境活用】完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).Theyenteredthearea______________(未经允许).第30页共30页\n2).Theprisonauthoritiespermit_______(visit)onlyonceamonth.3).WehavearrangedtoplaytennisonSaturday,weather_______(permit).4).Youwillneedtoobtainplanning_______(permit)ifyouwanttoextendyourhouse.答案：1).withoutpermission2).visiting3).permitting4).permission7.apologisevi.道歉，辩白apologisetosb.for（doing）sth.=makeanapologytosb.forsth.因某事向某人道歉Youshouldapologisetoyourteacherforcominglate．你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉Imustapologiseformymistake．我必须为我的错误表示道歉IdoapologiseforgivingyousomuchtroublewhileIamhere．我在这期间给您添麻烦真是对不起。【拓展延伸】(1)英语口语中其他表示道歉的句式还有：Iamreallysorry．butIseemtohavemisplacedyourbagsomewhere．真对不起，我好像把你的书包丢在什么地方了。Ifeelterrible，butI’vejustbrokenyourbeautifulvase．Idon’tknowwhattosay，I’dliketoreplaceit．真是抱歉极了，我刚才把你那个漂亮的花瓶打碎了。我真不知说什么好，我想赔偿（2）对于道歉的同答，可以用下列句式来表达：Don’tworryaboutit．别担心Justforgetaboutit．别再提这件事了。／别再把这件事放在心上了It’snotimportant．那算不了什么That’sOK．没关系It’snothing．没有什么Itdoesn’tmatter．没关系【即境活用】Theheadmastertoldtheboy_____theangryteacher,butherefusedto.第30页共30页\nA.toapologiseB.apologisetoC.toapologiseforD.toapologiseto【解析】D。考查动词的搭配。按照句意，区分动词的搭配即可。Tellsbtodosth.让某人去做某事；apologisetosb.向某人道歉8.remindvt.提醒；使想起例如：1).Thisstoryremindsmeofmychildhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。2).IremindedGeraldofhispromise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。3).Pleaseremindmetowritetomymothertomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。[拓展]remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事remindsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人记住某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remindsb.that...提醒某人/使某人想起……【即境活用】汉译英。1).这些照片使我想起我的童年。_______________________________________________________________________________2).请提醒我要每天服三次药。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：1).Thesephotosremindmeofmychildhood.2).Pleaseremindmetotakemymedicinethreetimesaday.PleaseremindmethatIshouldtakemymedicinethreetimesaday.【重点短语】1.takeplace发生takeplace为不及物动词短语，无被动语态例如：ThereceptionwilltakeplaceonSaturday.招待会将在星期六举行【拓展延伸】place短语归纳taketheplaceof代替/取代inthefirstplace(用于列举理由)首先，第一点inthelastplace最后第30页共30页\ninone’splace处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想inplace放在本来的位置，就位outofplace不在合适的位置；不适当的inplaceof代替，用……而不用takesb’splace/taketheplaceofsb.代替某人；接替某人的位置Moneyisbeingusedinplaceofsomethingmoredirect. 金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。Beforeyouleavetheoffice,everythingshouldbeputinplace. 在离开办公室之前,应把所有物品摆放好WhowilltakeMrMiller'splace? 谁将代替米勒先生？【辨析】：happen/takeplace/occurhappen是普通用语，使用广泛，其“发生”往往带有意外偶然性。另外happen也可作“碰巧”讲，这时后面要接todosth．。takeplace一般是按意图、计划“发生”，事情往往是事先安排好的，还可引申为举行、进行的意思occur用于指具体事物时，可与happen互换(但happen后加不定式时，不能与occur换用)；另外occur还有“想起”的意思，这时不可同happen互换  Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome.   =IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.我碰巧看到他回家Abigearthquakeoccurred(=happened)inthesouthofChinalastyear.去年中国的南方发生了一场大地震Itoccurredtomethatshedidn’tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.我突然想起来她不知道我已经搬进了新家Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.在过去的十年中，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化【即境活用】WorldExpoof2010will______inShanghaiChinaBeijing.Maybesomethingunexpected______.It______tohimthathehadforgottentotakehisbriefcase. 第30页共30页\n【答案】takeplacehappenedoccurred2.inmemoryof纪念；追念tothememoryof=inmemoryof为了纪念haveagood/badmemoryforsth.善于记……/不善于记……1).Manyceremoniesareinmemoryoffamouspeople.很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。2).Thestatuewasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。[短语归纳]in+n.+of短语：inhonourof为了纪念……；向……表示敬意inpraiseof歌颂infavorof赞同,支持inchargeof负责inneedof需要insearchof寻找inpossessionof拥有inplaceof代替【即境活用】用in+n.+of构成的词组填空。1).Amonumentwassetup__________________thedeadsoldiers.2).Hefoundedthecharity(兴办那项慈善事业)__________________hislatewife.3).Ifyouare__________________anything,don’thesitatetoletmeknow.4).Inthediscussion,Iwas__________________Mr.Li.答案：1).inmemory/honourof2).inmemoryof3).inneedof4).infavorof3.dressup盛装；打扮；装饰dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as或like连用或用dressupassb．或dressupforsth．[短语归纳]dressupforsth.为某事而盛装dressupassb.打扮成为某人bedressedin穿着(衣服或颜色)dresssb./oneself给某人或自己穿衣服第30页共30页\nWearesupposedtodressupasmoviecharactersfortheparty,whatanovelidea! 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！Theydressupfortheoccasion. 为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装ShedressupinElizabethancostumeforthefancy-dressball. 她穿上伊丽莎白的服装去参加化妆舞会【拓展延伸】(1)dressvt．&vi．(给……)穿衣，打扮dress+sb.／oneselfbe／getdressedin+(衣服或表颜色的词)dress+adv．(或表目的、场合的介词短语)Shealwaysdressesinblack. 她总穿着黑衣服。Themotherisdressingherbaby.母亲正为婴孩穿衣Thegirldressesfashionably.那女孩穿着时髦(2)dressn．服装，衣服；连衣裙eveningdress晚礼服【即境活用】______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed【解析】D考查dress的状态形式。掌握dress的用法。bedressedin…穿…，表示一种状态。4.playatrick/trickson对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋Thekidsarealwaysplayingtricksontheirteacher.孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。[短语归纳]playajoke/jokesonsb.=makefunofsb.开某人的玩笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人【即境活用】填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1).Hewasletinbyplayingatrick_______(介词)theguard.第30页共30页\n2).Shehated_______(play)tricksoninpublic.答案：1).on2).beingplayed5.lookforwardto盼望；期待例如：1).I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyouthissummervacation.我期待暑假见到你。2).I’mreallylookingforwardtoourvacation.我盼望着假期早日到来。[短语归纳]短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：leadto导致；通向objectto反对referto查阅；提到stickto粘住；坚持addto增加addupto总计compare......to把……比作eeto负责，处理getcloseto接近；差点getdownto着手做……get/beusedto习惯于payattentionto注意……putanendto结束，停止admitto承认devote...to贡献……给；致力于……【即境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1).Theboyhurriedforward______(see)theworld-famousoilpaintingbecausehehadbeenlookingforwardto______(see)itforalongtime.2).ThedayIhadbeenlookingforwardto______(come).3).Iusedto______(get)uplate,butnowI’musedto______(get)upearly.答案：1).tosee;seeing2).came3).get;getting6.turnup出现；到达；发现；调大(音量等)例如：1).It’stimeforthemeeting,buthehasn’tturnedup.到开会的时间了，但他还没到。2).Pleaseturnuptheradio.Iwanttolistentothenews.请把收音机音量调大,我想听听新闻。[短语归纳]turn短语：turnon打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)turnoff关上turndown减弱，降低，拒绝turnaround/about转过身来turnaway转过头turnout生产，制造；(常与to,that连用)结果是turntosb./sth.(forhelp)向……求助，查阅【即境活用】用turn词组填空。1).Don’tworry.Thefileissureto____________.第30页共30页\n2).Please______thetelevision______abit,Ican’thearclearly.3).It____________thatitwasTimwhobrokethevase.4).Thesadchild____________hismotherforcomfort.答案：1).turnup2).turn;up3).turnedout4).turnedto7.keepone’swordkeepone’sword守信用，履行诺言，反义词是breakone’sword，即“失信，食言”。二者中的名词word是不可数名词，不能用复数形式例如：Youcan'ttakeherpromisesseriously:sheneverkeepsherword. 她答应的事不必当真,她从来说话不算数Nevertrustamanwho(that)breakshiswordeasily. 不要信任一个常常食言的人【拓展延伸】有关word的短语inaword／inshort／tobeshort简言之；总之haveawordwithsb．与某人谈话havewordswithsb．与某人发生口角inotherwords=thatis(tosay)换句话说，也就是说keep／fulfillone’spromise／word遵守诺言breakone’spromise／word违约；食言【即境活用】用word词组填空。1).Hisscorewasonly53.__________________,hefailedintheexam.2).CouldI__________________withyou,MissJones?3).You’llfindthatsheisagirlwhoalways__________________.4).___________________,Ithinkhe’safool.答案：1).Inotherwords2).haveaword3).keeps/breaksherword4).Inaword8.setoff出发；动身；使爆炸例如：1).Whattimeareyouplanningtosetofftomorrow?你打算明天几点钟启程?2).Theterroristsetoffabombinthecitycentreandkilledsixpeople.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。第30页共30页\n[短语归纳]set短语：setoffforaplace出发到某地setaboutdoingsth开始某工作；着手做某事setout从某地出发上路setouttodosth.开始做某事setsthup摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立setsthaside将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留钱或时间【即境活用】用set词组填空。1).Thenewgovernmentmust____________findingsolutionstothecountry’seconomicproblems.2).Thechildren____________thefireworksintheyard.3).She____________abitofmoneyeverymonth.4).They____________astatueinhonorofthenationalhero.5).They’ve____________onajourneyroundtheworld.答案：1).setabout2).setoff3).setsaside4).setup5).setoff/out【重点句型】1.Thecountryiscoveredwithcherrytreeflowerssothatitlooksasthoughitmightbecoveredwithpinksnow.整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。asthough/asif“好像”,引导表语从句和方式状语从句：1).引导方式状语从句Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened．她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词be时,可把主语和be一起省去。Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething．他四下张望,好像寻找什么。2).引导表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain．看样子天要下雨了。3).asthough和asif从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。Thechildtalksasifshewereanadult.那孩子说话的样子好象她是个大人。【即境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1).Thepencillooksasifit_______(break)withhalfofitintheglassofwater.2).LiMingspeaksEnglishverywellasthoughhe______(be)anEnglishman.3).Itseemsasifourteam______(be)goingtowin.4).Hetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhe______(see)themhimself.第30页共30页\n答案：1).werebroken2).were3).is4).hadseen2.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave.很明显咖啡店老板在等着李方离开。句子中it作形式主语，其后的从句才是句子的真正主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得很稳定，能借it移至句子末尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示Itis/was+adj./n./p.p.+that-clause结构：Itwasobvious/clearthat…=obviously/clearly,…“很明显……，显而易见……”Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb.shoulddoItisapity/ashame/nowonder+that+sb.shoulddoItissaid/believed/reported/announced/expected/…+that…【即境活用】翻译句子。1).真奇怪，这么重要的会议，他居然缺席。_______________________________________________________________________________2).显然，你错了。_______________________________________________________________________________3).他竟然向我们撒慌，真是可耻。_______________________________________________________________________________4).据报道，双方的会谈有进展。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：1).Itwasstrangethatheshouldhavebeenabsentfromsuchanimportantmeeting.2).Itisobviousthatyouarewrong./Obviously,you’rewrong.3).Itwasashamethatheshouldhaveliedtous.4).Itisreportedthatthetalksbetweenthetwosidesaremakingprogress.语法核心突破ModalVerbsI(情态动词I)一、概述情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”“可以”“必须”“应当”等意义情态动词有以下特征：第30页共30页\n1．不能单独作谓语，除oughtto和usedto以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式2．没有人称和数的变化。但有些情态动词，如can，will，dare有一般时和过去时的变化。3．情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间二、用法归纳1．can和could(1)表示能力，常译为“能，会”例如：IcanspeakJapanese。butIcan’twriteit．我会说日语，但是不会写(2)表示允许，常译为“可以”；could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可例如：①Can／CouldIhavealookatyourphotos?我可以看看你的照片吗?一0fcourseyoucan．当然可以了。②Youcansmokeinthisroom．你可以在这间屋子里吸烟(3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，只用于疑问句或否定句中例如：①一Canshebeintheclassroom?她可能在教室吗?一NO，shecan’tbeinit．不，她不可能在教室里。②Canwhathesaidbetrue?他说的可能是真的吗?(4)用于肯定的陈述旬中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。例如：①Accidentscanhappenatanytime．事故随时会发生②Itcouldbeveryinterestingtogooutforadrive．出去开车兜风可能会很有趣(could比call的nr能性小)辨析can(could)/beableto(1)can只有观在时和过去时could．而beable第30页共30页\nto则有更多的时态变化，在将来时，完成时和非谓语动词中只能用beableto。(2)can一般指自身具有的能力。而beableto则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于managetodo或succeedindoing。例如：①Thistimelfailedintheexam，butI’11beabletopasstheexamnexttime．这次我考试不及格．但下次我能考试及格(经过努力)②Shesaidsheregrettednotbeingabletousethecomputerwell．她说她很后悔不会很好地使用电脑(3)住否定结构中was/wereableto与could没有区别。例如：①Sheranfastbutshecouldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus．她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公共汽车②Theyoungmancouldn’tcarrythebigstone．这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。(指本身的能力)I2．may／might(1)表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“可以”。表示征询许可时，may可与can／could换用．might比may的语气更委婉一些．对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can．否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t．mustn’t表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如：①Youmaygohomenow．现在你可以回家了②May/MightIhaveawordwithyou?我可以和你谈谈吗?③一May1comein?我可以进来吗?一Yes，youmay／can.进来。一No,youcan’t／mustn’t．你不能。(2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如：①Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!②MayGodblessyoul!愿上帝保佑你!(3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，一般只用于肯定句中，maynot表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小①Hemaybeverybusynow．他现在可能很忙②一Whyhasn’thecome?他为什么还没来?第30页共30页\n一Hemayhavemissedthetrain.他可能没赶上火车吧3．will/would(1)表示请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问匀中．would比will语气更委婉。例如：①Willyoucallbacklater．please?请过一会儿再打过来好吗?②Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?你想来杯咖啡吗?(2)表示意志、愿望和决心，有“愿；要”之意．would表示过去的意愿和决心。例如：1willdomybesttohelpyou．我愿尽我最大努力帮助你(3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向①Oilwillfloatonwater．油总是浮在水上②OnSundayhewouldgototheparktoplaychess．以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋(4)(表示功用或能力)能。①Theroomwillseat100persons．这个屋子能坐下100人。②Thedoorwon’topen．这门打不开4．shall／should(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。例如：①Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚干什么呢?②Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?他什么时间能离开医院?(2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如：①Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard．如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格(警告)②Youshallnotleaveyourpost．你不得离开岗位。(命令)③HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreadingit．当我读完这本书时他可以拿走(允许)④Heshallbepunished．他将受到惩罚(威胁)第30页共30页\n(3)should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto，意为“应该”。(还常用于虚拟语气中)例如：①Youshouldn’thaveleftsosoon.你不应当走得这么早②Salsuggestedthatweshouldgoforaswim．萨尔建议我们去游泳(4)should表示推测，可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据。含有“按道理应当”之意。例如：①Theyshouldbeathomebynowfortheyhavebeenawayfortwohours．现在他们该到家了，因为他们离开两个小时了②Ifthetrainisontime，sheshouldarriveinBeijingbyseven．如果火车准点的话，她应该7点前到达北京。5．must／can’t(1)must表示“必须；必要”．用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto。例如：—Mustwehandinourexercisetoday?我们必须今天上交练习吗?—Yes,youmust．是的，你们必须。一No,youneedn’t／don’thaveto．不，你们不必。(2)mustn’t表示“不允许；禁止”。例如：Youmustn’tlendthenewbooktoothers．你不许把这本新书借给别人。(3)有时must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如：Mustyoushoutsoloudly?你非要这么大声嚷嚷吗?(4)must表示推测时。只能用于肯定句，意为“一定；肯定”。作此解时，must的否定形式不是mustn’t，而是can’t／couldn’t。例如：①Theymustbeanxioustoknowtheresult．他们一定急于知道结果。②一Ithinkthenewsmustbetrue．我想这个消息一定是真的第30页共30页\n一No，itcan’tbetrue．不，它肯定不是真的。6．情态动词+havedone(1)can(could)+havedone的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或否定，另外couldhavedone还表示“过去本能够做，但实际上未做……”。例如：①Hecan’t／couldn’thavefinishedsomuchworkinsoshortatime．他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。②Wherecan／couldtheyhavegone?他们会到哪去了呢?③Wecouldhavegonethereonfoot．Ataxiwasn’tnecessaryata11．本来我们可以走着去那儿根本没有必要乘出租车(2)may(might)+havedone表示对过去所发生事情的推测。例如：①Hemayhavesaidso．他可能这么说过。②Thatwastoodangerous．Youmighthavekilledyourself．那太危险了。你当时可能会丧命的(3)should+havedone表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，而shouldn’t+havedone表示过去本不应泼做但实际上做了。例如：①Youshouldhavestartedearlier．你本应该早点动身。②Youshouldn’thavelenthimmoneyyesterday．昨天你本不该把钱借给他。(4)must+havedone表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight．昨晚肯定下雨了【典型例题】（1）SorryI’mlate．I＿＿＿＿＿haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain．A．mightB．shouldC．canD．will【解析】A。考查情态动词might的用法。该题前句说明了结果，后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性，对前句进行补充说明。第30页共30页\n（2）Tom,you______leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethisnexttime.A．wouldn’tB.mustn’tC．needn’tD．maynot【解析】B考察情态动词否定的意义。掌握情态动词的基本用法即可。（3）—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?一Yes,ofcourseyou______.A．mightB．willC．canD．should【解析】C考查can的用法。回答请求的问句时，应用相对应情态动词的现在时。【语法专练】1.—WhycanyourteacherknowsomuchaboutLondon?—He________havebeentherebefore.A.mayB.mustC.oughttoD.should2.---Alice,let’sgotothesupermarketandbuysomefood.---Sorry,Mike____cometoseemethisafternoonsoI’dbetterstayathomeincasehecomes.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will3.—Hi,Johnson,anyideawhereSusanis?—It’sclasstime,soshe______intheclassroomnow.A.canbeB.musthavebeenC.mighthavebeenD.shouldbe4.----Nowonderyoucaughtacold.You_____outlastnightwithoutacoat.----IknowhowsillyIwas.A.shouldn’thavegoneB.mustn’thavegoneC.couldn’thavegoneD.mightn’thavegone5.---CanIpaythebillbycheque?---Sorry,sir.Butitisthemanagementrulesofourschoolthatpaymentbemadeincash.A.shallB.needC.willD.can6.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe_____haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need7.Sinceyouhavemadesuchgoodpreparations,there______beanyproblemaboutpassingthecomingexam．A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t第30页共30页\n8.Thelessondrawnfromthecoalmineaccidentsisthatsafetymeasuresaresoimportantthatwe_____takethemtooseriously.A.can’tB.shouldC.mustn’tD.shall答案：1~5BBDDA6~8ACA高考真题链接1.（2010·江苏卷·T25）—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.mayw_【解析】选B，shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。2.（2010·江西卷·T23）Ihavetoldyouthetruth.______Ikeeprepeatingit?AMustBCanCMayDWill【解析】选A。考察情态动词的用法。must必须,一定can可以,能够may也许will意愿,倾向性动作,前半句说我告诉你事实了,这里用的是现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响,既然我已经说了,我还必须重复一遍吗？3.（2009·北京卷·T25）Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。关于英国人你可以肯定的一点是他们谈论很多的天气。用can表示可以，能够，所以正确答案为:D。不能选C，should是表示责任和义务的。4.（2009·福建卷·T32.）nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。5.（2009·湖北卷·T29）You’dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakearequest______a第30页共30页\nquestion.A.insearchofB.intheformofC.inneedofD.inthedirectionof【解析】选B。考查介词短语。此处意思是“以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌”。intheformof符合句意。insearchof“寻找”，inneedof“需要”，inthedirectionof“朝……方向”。6.（2009·全国卷II·T6）Itisoftenthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid【解析】选A。考查的是固定句型(itis+V-ed+that从句)。第30页共30页\n综合效能检测一、听力（略）二、单项选择21.Whenyouvisitamuseumyoumustask___permissionbeforetaking___photographsinsideit.世纪金榜A./;/B.a;theC.a;/D./;the22.Jackrecommendedmeafewforeignmovies,but_______wastomytaste.世纪金榜A.allB.neitherC.someD.none23.MostAmericanswouldprefertokeeptheirproblems_______themselves,andsolvetheirproblems______themselves.A.in;onB.by;toC.for;toD.to;by24.Itnever________methathemightbeintrouble.A.happenedtoB.adjustedtoC.belongedtoD.occurredto25.---CanIpaythebillbycheque?---Sorry,sir.Butitisthemanagementrulesofourschoolthatpaymentbemadeincash.A.shallB.needC.willD.can26.—What’swrongwithhim?—Thepicturehecameacrosshismemoryofasadstoryinhischildhood.A.putoffB.tookoffC.setoff.D.gaveoff27.___________intheregulationthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiredC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires28.----It’sapitythatMr.Smithdiedlastnight. ----Really?Thepolicemayneverdiscoverwhat______thatnight,forhewastheonlyeyewitness(目击者).第30页共30页\nA.happened     B.tookplace  C.washappened   D.wastakenplace29.______untidilyandspeakinginastrangeway,fathermusthaveappearedtothepeoplepresenttobeasillyoldman.A.DressingB.DressedC.BeingdressedD.Tobedressed30.AsIarrivedinSydney,Iwantedtoseeeverythingonmyfirstday,______Iknewwasimpossible.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which31.---Ibetsomeonestolemybackpack.---Well,you_____havekeptaneyeonit.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should32.—Kathy,makesureeveryoneknowstheexacttimeforthemeeting.--_______.A.IcanmakesureB.IagreewithyouC.IwilldoD.That’sright33.Wearrangedtomeetat8:00,butshenever______.A.turndown     B.turnoff     C.turnover   D.turnup34.Heislookingforward__________hisfather.A.ofreceivingB.ofhearingfromC.tohearingfromD.tohearfrom35.theworldeconomyisindifficulty,______wecansee,thepeopleofChinaarefullofhope．A．As；不填B．Because；whichC．Though；asD．With；不填三、完形填空AsChristmasdrewnear,Ursulawasfacedwithjustthatproblem.ShehadcometoliveinanAmericanhomeandlearnEnglish.36,shewouldmindthechildrenanddoanythingshewasasked.OneofhertaskswastokeeptrackofarrivingChristmaspresents.Ursuladidthisfaithfully,butshebecameincreasinglyworried.Whatcouldshebuyforher37withthelittlemoneyshehadthatwouldcomparewiththegiftsshewasrecordingdaily?38,evenwithoutanyofthegifts,heremployerseemstohaveeverything.Ursula_39_longandhard.OnChristmasEve,shewenttoastore.Shemovedslowlythroughcrowdsofshoppers,40thingsinhermind.Finallysheboughtababydress.Sheimmediatelycalledataxi.“Excuseme,please,canyouhelpmefindapoorfamilywithababy?”第30页共30页\n“Apoorfamily?”saidthe41driver.“Yes,averypoorfamily.”Ursulatoldthemanofwhatshewastryingtodo.Helistenedinsilence,andthensaid,“Iknowafamilywhoneedsjustabouteverything.”Whentheyreachedabuilding,thedriversaid,“Theyliveonthethirdfloor.”Ursulashookherhead,“Wouldyoutakethisdresstothemandtellthemit’sfromsomeone…someonewhohaseverything.”Earlythenextday,Ursula42everyoneforthepresentsshereceived.Then,shebeganto43whythereseemedtobenonefromher.Shetoldaboutwhatshedidthenightbefore.Whenshefinished,therewasalong44.“Yousee,”sheadded,“Itrytodoakindnessinyour45.AndthisismyChristmaspresenttoyou.”36.A.InreturnB.AsaresultC.BythewayD.Inasense37.A.ownfamilyB.classmatesC.friendsD.Americanfamily38.A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.But39.A.talkedB.thoughtC.waitedD.worked40.A.selectingB.matchingC.rememberingD.organizing41.A.delightedB.anxiousC.surprisedD.respectful42.A.thankedB.encouragedC.praisedD.admired43A.settleB.repeatC.argueD.explain44.A.delayB.silenceC.timeD.break45.A.caseB.opinionC.memoryD.name四、阅读理解AAcademyAwardsTheAcademyAwardsarethemostprominentfilmawardintheUnitedStates．TheAwardsaregrantedbytheAcademyofMotinPictureArtsandSciences．AcademyAwardsarenicknamed“Oscars”,whichisalsothenicknameofthestatuette（小雕像）．ThenameissaidtohavebeenbornwhenMargaretHerricksawthestatuetteonatableandsaid:ItlooksjustlikemyuncleOscar!”BerlinFilmFestivalOneofthe“A”festivalsinEurope．TheBerlinInternationalFilmFestival,alsocalledthe“Berlinale”,isheldannuallyinFebruaryandstartedin1951afteraninitiativeoftheAmerican,whooccupiedpartofthecityafterWorldWarⅡ．Thejury（专家评奖团）alwaysplacedspecialemphasisonrepresentingfilmsfromallovertheworld,fromtheformerEasternBloc（集团）Countriesaswellasfromwesterncountries．TheawardsarecalledGoldenandSilverBears（astheBearisthesymbolofBerlin）．第30页共30页\nVeniceFilmFestivalTheVeniceFilmFestivaltakesplaceeveryyearinlateAugust/earlySeptemberontheLidointhehistoricPalazzodelCinema,inVenice,Italy;itsmainawardisthe“Leoned’Oro”（GoldenLion）．Recently,anewawardhasbeenadded,theSanMarcoAwardforthebestfilm．CannesFilmFestivalTheCannesFilmFestivalisafamousinternationalfilmfestival．IthasbeenheldannuallyinCannes,inthesouthofFrance,since1946withafewexceptions．Givenmassivemediaexposure,theFestivalisattendedbymanymoviestarsandisapopularvenueformovieproducerstolaunchtheirnewfilmsandattempttoselltheirworkstothedistributorswhocomefromallovertheglobe．ThemostfamousawardgivenoutatCannesisthe“Palmed’Or”（GoldenPalm）forthebestfilm;thisissometimessharedbymultiplefilmsinoneyear．46．WhichAwardcanbesharedbymultiplefilmsinoneyear?A．GoldenLionB．GoldenPalmC．AcademyAwardsD．SanMarcoAward47．Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“Oscars”isnottrue?A．It’sthenicknameofAcademyAwardsB．It’salsothenicknameofthestatuette．C．ItgotitsnamebecauseMargaretsaidthestatuettelookedlikehisuncle．D．It’sanawardinFrance．48．WhichAwardhastheshortesthistory?A．GoldenLionB．GoldenPalmC．AcademyAwardsD．SanMarcoAward49．WhyistheAwardforBerlinFilmFestivalcalled“GoldenandSilverBear”?A．ItlookslikeabearB．ItismadeupofbearfurC．ThebearisthesymbolofBerlinD．BearisrareinBerlin50．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?A．AnintroductionoffamousfilmfestivalsandfilmawardsB．AnadvertisementforfilmsandTVprogrammes．第30页共30页\nC．Introducethenicknamesoffamousfilmawards．D．Aguideofhowtospendfamousfilmfestivals.BAttheendofaparty，heinvitedhertohavecoffeewithhim．Inanicecoffeeshop，hewastoonervoustosayanything，andshefeltuncomfortable，thinking，“Pleaseletmegohome．’’Suddenlyheaskedthewaiter，“Wouldyoupleasegivemesomesalt?I'dliketoputitinmycoffee．’’Everybody，staredathim—sostrange!Hisfaceturnedred，but，still，heputthesaltinhiscoffeeanddrankit．Sheaskedhimcuriously，“Whydoyouhavethishobby?”Hereplied，“WhenIwasalittleboy，Iwaslivingnearthesea．Ilikedplayinginthesea，andIcouldfeelthetasteofthesea，justlikethetasteofthesaltycoffee．NoweverytimeIhavethesaltycoffee，Ialwaysthinkofmychildhood．Imissmyhometownandmyparentssomuch．’’Shewasdeeplytouched．Amanwhocantellouthis-homesicknessmustbeamanwholoveshome，caresabouthome，andhasresponsibilityforhome．Theycontinuedtodate．Shefoundthatactuallyhewassuchagoodperson，butshealmostmissedhim!Thankstohissaltycoffee!Thenthestorywentjustlikeeverybeautifullovestory．．．And，everytimeshemadecoffeeforhim，sheputsomesaltinthecoffee．After40years，hepassedaway，leavingheraletterwhichsaid，“Mydearest，pleaseforgivemywholelifelie．ThiswastheonlylieItoldtoyou—thesaltycoffee．“Rememberthefirsttimewedated?Iwassonervousatthattime．ActuallyIwantedsomesugar，butIsaidsalt．Itwashardformetochange，soIjustwentahead．“Itriedtotellyouthetruthmanytimesinmylife，butIwastooafraidtodothat，asIhavepromisednottolietoyouforanything．“NowI'mdying，I'mafraidofnothingsoItellyouthetruth：Idon’tlikethesaltycoffee．Whatastrangebadtaste!ButIhavehadthesaltycoffeeinmywholelife!…”第30页共30页\nHertearsmadethelettertotallywet．Someday，someoneaskedher，“What’sthetasteofsaltycoffee?”“It’ssweet?”shereplied．51．Afterorderingsomesalttoputintothecoffee，theyoungmanmusthavefelt．A．excitedB．satisfiedC．embarrassedD．displeased52．Whydidthemanhavesaltycoffeeallhislife?A．Tochangelifestyle．B．Topleasehiswife．C．Tokeephisword．D．Torememberthepast．53．Whatdidthewritermeanbysaying“shealmostmissedhim”inParagraph?A．Shemeanttoleavehimontheirfirstdate。B．Shethoughtofhimeverynowandthen．C．Shenearlymisunderstoodhisexplanation．D．Shecouldhardlybelievethissimplefact．54．Itisimpliedinthepassagethatthewomanwhenreadingtheletterleftbyherhusband．A．wasconfusedabouthisbehaviorB．wastouchedbyhiswhitelieC．feltsorrytoknowthetruthtooLateD．feltangryabouthisdishonesty五、用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子（其中有一项多余）。lookforwardto;keepone’sword;playatrick;dayandnight;turnup;takeplace1.Theytraveled________untiltheyreachedthetemple.2.We’rereally_________skiinginAspen.3.Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn’teven_________.4.Hispromisesatewritteninwater,thatis,henever_________.5.Heissonaughtythatheoften________others.六、书面表达中国的传统节日中秋节刚刚过去，你的美国笔友Mike请你在他们的校报上介绍一下中秋节的情况，请你根据下表写一篇短文。【写作内容】中秋节简介时间每年阴历八月十五日，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。第30页共30页\n范围中国及亚洲其它一些国家都会庆祝。象征人们认为月亮是团圆、运气、财富的象征，在那天会互相表达祝福。方式在那一天，人们通常回家与家人团聚，共聚晚餐。人们还会吃月饼，那是一种圆圆的饼，里面有肉、果仁、鸡蛋等。【写作要求】1）词数100左右2）不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。【参考词汇】thelunarcalendar阴历___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第30页共30页\n参考答案二~四21~25ADDDA26~30CCABD31~35DCDCC36—45ADCBACADBD46~50BDDCA51~54CCAB五、1.dayandnight2.lookingforwardto3.turnup4.keepshisword5.playstickson六、Onepossibleversion:TheMid-autumnFestival,whichisoneofthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalsinChina,fallsonAugust15thoftheLunarcalendareveryyear.NotonlyisitpopularinChinabutitisalsocelebratedinmanyotherAsiancountries.Peoplebelievethatthemoonisasymbolofreunion,luckandfortune,anditisacustomtoexpressbestwishestothebelovedonesatthisparticulartime.Onthatdaypeopleusuallygobackhometohaveafamilyreunion,enjoyingalargemealwiththeirfamily.Theywillalsoeatmooncakes,whichareroundcakeswithmeat,eggs,nutsandotherthingsinside.Sincerelyyours,WangGang世纪金榜第30页共30页