初中英语语法精讲课件代词PPT课件 39页

英语语法专题复习\n第三节代词\n代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。\n2.1人称代词（1）、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、我们“、”你们“、”他们“的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变下表：数　　　　　　单数　　　　复数　　　　　　　　格　　　　主格　宾格　主格　　宾格　　　　　第一人称　I　　　me　　we　　　us　　　　　第二人称　you　　you　　you　　you　　　　　　　　　he　　him　　they　　them　　　第三人称　she　　her　　they　　themit　　　it　　they　　them如：Heismyfriend.　他是我的朋友。　　　　It'sme.　是我。\n（2）主格形式作主语，宾语形式做宾语。（3）代词的顺序：1.单数按照2.3.1人称排序，复数按1.2.3人称排序You，heandIaregoodfriends.We,youandIaregoodfriends.(4)It的特殊用法1.作代词Whatisinthepicture?Itisacat.2.作形式主语Itiseasytoclimbthehill.ItisnousearguingwithhimItisclearthatsheisthebeststudentintheclass.\n3.作形式宾语IfounditnoteasytogetonwellwithJim4.作为强调句的引导词Itis/wasTomwhometyourbrotheryesterday5.其他常用句型Itis…since…\n\n\n()1Isaw___playinginthestreetatthattime.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs2Jimwillgive____ashorttalktomorrow.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours()3Pleaseask____nottoskateonthethinice.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs()4Thepenishers.Passitto____,please.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself()5Letmegoandgivethecoatto____.heB.hisC.himselfD.him()6Thebirdbuilt___nestinthetree.A.it'sB.her'sC.hersD.its()7Haveyouseen___pen,ablackone?A.theseB.myC.youD.hers()8SorryIhaveforgot____telephonenumber.A.yoursB.himC.youD.his\n()9.Ourroomisbig,but____isbiggerthan____.A.their;ourB.their;oursC.theirs;oursD.theirs;our()10Theyaren'tourbooks.Arethey____?A.yourB.hisC.herD.their()11Ourroomisbiggerthan___.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.her()12Youhaveagoodroom,Ishouldsay.Butit'snotasbigas___.A.IB.myC.meD.mine\n2.3反身代词表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词如：Shewastalkingtoherself.　她自言自语。【常用词组积累】MakeoneselfunderstoodteachoneselfEnjoyoneselfhelponeselftoMakeyourselfathomesaytooneself\n()1We____atthepartylastSunday.enjoyedmyselfB.enjoyedourselvesC.enjoymyselfD.enjoyedourself()2"Make____athome."hesaidtohisfriends.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.youD.yours()3LetTonydoitby____.HeisnolongerakidA.himB.hisC.himselfD.he()4Youaretwelvenow.___mustlookafter___.You;yourselfB.Your;yourselfC.You;yourD.You're;yourself()5Sheandhermotherenjoyed___attheparty.A.herB.themC.herselfD.themselves\n2.4指示代词表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如：Thatisagoodidea.　　　那是个好主意。【注意点】1.有时为了避免重复提到过的词，用that或those替代。ThelifeinJapanisdifferentfromthatinAmerica.2.this或that可以表示程度，相当于soIdon’twantthatmuch3.替代不可数名词Thisnewsisbetterthanthat\n()1Who'sthatatthedoor?____isthepostman.A.SheB.ThisC.ItD.He()2-Who'sthatinthepicture?A.It'smeB.That'sIC.ThisisaboyD.It'sI()3-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This()4Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan____be?oneB.heC.sheD.it()5___waslatesummerandtheweatherwasveryhot.A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.It's()6Whattimeis____now?AitB.allC.thisD:that()7___is200kilometresfromheretothenaturalpark.Wehavetogotherebycar.A.ThereB.ItC.ThisD.Theplace\n2.5相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，前者用于两者之间，后者用于三者或以上事物之间。YouandIknoweachotherverywell。Allthechildrenherearefondofoneanother。\n()1Heandsheareexactlyastallas____.A.themselvesB.themC.theirD.eachother()2Peopleusuallyputsmallpresentsin____stockingonChristmasEve.eachotherB.eachothersC.eachother'sD.eachothers'()3Thestudentsoftenhelp___.onetheotherB.eachtheotherC.oneanotherD.twoanother()4-Howmanyapplesdidyourmothergiveyou,LucyorLily?A.EachoneB.OneeachC.OneeveryoneD.Onemore()5-Haveyouacomputer?-Yes,Ihaveagood____.A.someB.oneC.itD.that()6Hehasonebluepenandtwored____.A.one'sB.thoseC.oneD.ones()7Isthisstoryasinterestingas__A.theoneB.someonesC.thatoneD.one\n2.6疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：Tellmewhoheis.　告诉我他是谁。\n()1____isthebestseasonoftheyear?A.WhenB.WhatC.WhichD.Whattime()2-____isyoursister?-Sheisanurse.A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Who()3-___colourareyournewshoes?-Theyarebrown.A.AnyB.WhoseC.WhichD.What()4-___isyourclassmateJohnlike?-He'sverytall.HowB.WhatC.WhoD.Which()5.___hashappenedand____didit?Who;whoB.What;whoC.What;whatD.Who;what()6-_____isthatmanoverthere?-He'sMrGreen.A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Who()7-___istheboystandingthere?-Heismybrother.A.WhichB.WhatC.HowD.Who\n2.7关系代词（1）关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如：Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor.　他就是你要找的那个人。\n（2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that可指人也可指物，见表：　　　　　限定性　　　非限定性　　　　限定性　　　　　指　人　　　指　　物　　　指人或指物主格　　　who　　　which　　　　that宾格　　whom　　　　that　　　　that属格　　whose　ofwhich/whose　ofwhich/whoseThisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.　　(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)　　Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）（3）关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：　　Hesaidhesawmethere,whichwasalie.　　他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。\n()1____onedoyoulike,theblueoneortheredone?A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.This()2-___isbigger?-Theyellowone.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.It()3___ofyouwouldliketogowithus?A.WhoB.WhichC.AllD.Both()4-_____bagisthis?-It'sJack'sA.WhatB.WhichC.WhoseD.Who's()5-___pencilsarethese?-Theyaretheirs.A.WhichB.WhoseC./D.These()6___houseisbeingrepaired?WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.Whose()7Pleasefindout____heislookingafterathome.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when()8____doyouthinkyoushouldhelp?A.WhoseB.WhichC.WhatD.Whom()9Hetoldme___hewassentfor.A.whomB.thatC.bothD.where\n2.8不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，noone。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，　但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：---Doyouhaveacar?　--你有一辆小汽车吗？---Yes，Ihaveone.　　--是的，我有一辆。---Idon'tknowanyofthem.　他们，我一个也不认识。\n（1）不定代词包括all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,none,everybody,everyone.等。（2）不定代词的用法除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。Ihavenoideaaboutit.\n2.all都，指三者以上。　　　all的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。　　　Allgoeswell.　一切进展得很好。　　　all通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说allthebook，而说thewholebook。　　　但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如allday，allnight，alltheyear；但习惯上不说allhour，allcentury。　　　all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如allChina，　allthecity，　allmylife，alltheway　3.　both　都，指两者。　a.　both与复数动词连用，但both…and…可与单数名词连用。　　b.　both,all都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，be动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。　　　WhocanspeakJapanese?　　Weboth(all)can.\nneither两者都不neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数b.作定语与单数名词连用，但neither…nor用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。c.可用于下列句型，避免重复。Shecan'tsing，neither(can)he.neither与nord.如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用nor。Ifyoudon‘tdoit，neithershouldI.如果你不干，我也不干e.如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。Hecan'tsing，nordance，norskate.\n5.none无　1)none作主语，多与of构成短语noneof。在答语中，none可单独使用。　　　　　　　Arethereanypicturesonthewall?　None.　2)none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。　　　Itisnoneofyourbusiness.　　6.few一些，少数　　few作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。\n7.some一些　1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。　2)当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（=acertain）　　　Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.　　　总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。　　　Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.　　　某些人不同意你的看法。【注意点】(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。　　(2)some用于其他句式中:　　　a.　肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。　　　Wouldyoulike句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：　　　　　　Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?　　　b.　在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：　　　　Ifyouneedsomehelp，letmeknow.　　　c.　some位于主语部分,　　　　Somestudentshaven'tbeentherebefored.　当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：　　　　Ihaven'theardfromsomeofmyoldfriendstheseyears.　　　　这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。\n8.any一些　1)　any多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。　　当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。　　　Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.9.one,ones为复数形式　ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some,any，而不用ones。　　Haveyouboughtanyrulers?　Yes，I'veboughtsome.\n【辨别】1.one，that和itone表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。Ican'tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.　(不定)　我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。　ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.　(同类但不同个)　你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。　　Ican'tfindmyhat.Idon'tknowwhereIputit.　(同一物)　我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。\n2.one/another/theotherone…theother　只有两个　　　　　　　　　some…theothers　有三个以上　one…another，another…　some…others，others…　others=otherpeople/things　theothers=therest　剩余的全部　　1)泛指另一个用another。　2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用theother。　3)一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one(another)，第三个可用theother，athird。　4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用theothers。　5)泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。\n3.both,either,neither,all,any,none这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。　1)　both(两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)，neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。　　Neitherofthetwoboysisclever.　两个男孩都不聪明。　　2)both，either　both与复数连用，either与单数连用。　Boththeboysareclever.　两个男孩都很聪明。　Eitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都很聪明。　Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.　(两岸)Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.　(岸的两边)　　路边长满了野花。\nThereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.　(岸的两边)　　路边长满了野花。　3)all(所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个)，none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。　Alltheflowersaregone.　所有的花都谢了。　Idon'tlikeanyoftheflowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。　Ilikenoneoftheflowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。　注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。　　　　Allofthestudentsarethere.　　　　　所有的学生都在那。　　　　All(of)themilkisthere.　　　　　　所有的牛奶都在那。\n4.few,little,afew,alittlefew+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词afew/alittle为肯定含义，还有一点few/little为否定含义，没有多少了。Hehasafewfriends.他有几个朋友。Hehasfewfriends.他几乎没有朋友。Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。【固定搭配】onlyafew(=few)notafew(=many)quiteafew(=many)manya(=many)Manybooksweresold.Manyabookwassold.卖出了许多书。\n()1.Thereareshopson_____sideofthestreet.________ofthemdonotclosetill12atnight.A.both;AllB.every;NoneC.either;SomeD.other;Many()2Theboyrunsfasterthan_______inhisclass.,anyoftheboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboysD.alltheboys()3Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.anystudentsB.otherstudentC.anyotherstudentD.anyotherstudents()4Thereisnot___meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.A.some;anyB.any;someC.any;anyD.some;some()5-Ihaveforgottenmybread.-Nevermind,youcanhave____.A.someofusB.someofourC.someofoursD.manyofours()6-Isthere___teain'thatgreencup?-Yes,thereis____.the;someB.any;anyC.some;anyD.any;some()7Couldyoudo___forme,please?A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything()8Thebottleisempty.Thereis___init.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything\n()9-TurnofftheTV,Betty.____iswatchingit.-Oh,no.Mum.I'mwatchingitnow.A.somebodyB.NobodyC.EverybodyD.Anybody()10-Didyoufind___intheroom?-No,wefound___there.anybody;nobodyB.somebody;everybodyC.anybody;somebodyD.everybody;anybody()11Ihavealotofworktodo.Ihave___timetoplay.A.notB.anyC.noD.some()12Asweknow,heis___fool.A.notB.noaC.notanD.no()13Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadn't___.A.someB.anyC.anythingD.no()14___ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.NeitherB.EitherC.BothD.Any()15Wouldyoulendme___ofyourmoney?A.someB.lotC.afewD.any()16Wouldyoulike___morecoffee?A.littleB.anyC.someD.another\n()17Listentome.Ihave____totellyou.anythingnewB.somethingnewC.newsomethingD.nothingnew()18Bytheway,isthere____intoday'snewspaper?somethingnewB.anythingnewC.newsomethingD.newanything()19Pleasebequiet.Ihave___totellyou.importantsomethingB.nothingimportantC.importantanythingD.somethingimportant()20I'mnotbusy.Ihaven't____todo.A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything()21____hashappened,Iwantyoutotellmeaboutit.A.SomethingB.EverythingC.AnythingD.Nothing()22Yesterdaymorning___boysbrokeintothegarden.A.anyB.someC.manyD.much()23___twentyboyswereplayingfootballatthattimeyesterday.A.EachB.SomeC.NooneD.Neither()24NowIhave______questions.Let'sgotoaskourteacher.A.anyB.muchC.someD.alot\n()25CanIhave___bottleoforange,please?A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers()26Thereareforty-fourstudentsinClassOne.Nineteenofthemareboys,___aregirls.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.someothers()27MrSmithhastwosons.____isasoldier,___isadoctor.One;anotherB.One;otherC.This;theotherD.One;theother()28Therearemanypeopleintheparknow.Someareboating.____arewalkingalongthelake.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()29Theglassisbroken.Goandget____.A.otherB.anotheroneC.othersD.theother()30Iborrowedtwobooks.____isinEnglish,and____isinChinese.It;anotherB.One;anotherC.Theone;anotherD.One;theother\n()31_____ofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.A.EveryB.AllC.BothD.Each()32TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.A.bothB.all.C.everyD.each()33Ididn'tknowthatyou___would___there.A.be;allB.all;beC.are;allD:all;are()34-Arethesetwobooksinteresting?-Yes,____ofthemareinteresting.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither()35Hecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstoodbecause___ofusknewwhathesaid.A.noneB.noC.nobodyD.not36Ididn'tlikethecrosstalk.___oftheactorswasfunny.A.BothB.AllC.NeitherD.Either37_____ofthemisgoodatsinging.A.BothB.AllC.NooneD.Neither38-Whichwouldyoulike,acupofteaoraglassofmilk?-___,thanks.IthinkI'lljusthaveaglassofwater.A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.Either39-Howmanymonkeysdidyouseeinthezoo?A.NeverB.NoneC.NooneD.Nothing\n()40WeshouldspeakEnglishas___aspossible.A.manyB.muchC.fewD.lot()41It'sgoingtobeabusydaytoday.Ihave____worktodo.A.ahardB.alotC.manyD.much()42Theboyhaseatentwobananasalready,buthewanted___.A.afewmoreB.fewmoreC.alittlemoreD.littlemore()43Doyoueat____fruitsandvegetables?A.manyB.moreC.alotD.alotof44Ididn'tgetanylettersyesterday,buttherewere____thismorning.A.alittleB.fewC.littleD.afew45Thefilmisn'tinteresting.___peoplelikeit.A.FewB.AlittleC.AfewD.Little46Shecanspeak___Englishnow.A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.fewHurryup!Thereis____timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle48Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthesubject.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew()49Themanmissedthebus.___iswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.All