初中动词不定式ppt课件 45页

初中动词不定式和动名词的用法授课人张杰\n动词不定式的用法\n动词不定式的基本形式及其否定形式1.基本形式为to+动词原形（eg：towork），有时省略符号to（eg：work）2.否定形式为not/never+动词不定式\n动词不定式的功用1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作定语5.作状语6.作补语7.作独立成分\n作主语1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2.Toseeistobelieve.3.It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.4.It’syourturntocleantheroom.5.Ittookthemfourdaystoarrivethere.\n作表语1.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Mywishistobeasinger.3.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.\n作宾语(1)1.Annwantstogetherearspierced.2.Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3.I’dlovetovisitMexico.\n只能带动词不定式不能带动名词作宾语的动词aim旨在agree同意offer提出plan打算ask要求promise答应help帮忙prepare准备decide决定refuse拒绝dare敢于choose选择wish想要hope希望expect期望预计fail没有pretend假装seem似乎learn学会manage设法做成afford担负得起wouldlike/love想要\n作宾语（2）1.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.2.HefeelsitfrustratingtowatchEnglish-languageTV.3.Wethinkitagoodideatogohiking.注：动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语动词不定式放在形容词或名词后面，句子结构是：主语+feel/find/make/think+it+adj./n.+todo...。\n作宾语（3）1.Weareverygladtoseeyou.2.I’msorrytohearthat.3.Theyaresuretocome.注：有些表示思想感情的形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）后面可接动词不定式，这种不定式也可叫做宾语。如：excited，able,afraid,anxious,careful,free,lucky,ready,willing等。\n作定语1.Hewasthefirstonetoarrive.2.Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.3.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?\n作状语1.Westayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.表目的2.IfeelveryluckytohaveLucky。表原因3.I’mtootiredtodowell.表结果4.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.表结果\n作补语（宾补）(1)1.Whotoldyoutodothat?2.I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.3.Thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccidenttohappen.\n带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词ask请求force强迫invite邀请train训练order命令want想要direct指导get使beg恳求drive驱使cause导致warn警告lead引导encourage鼓励allow允许hate讨厌like喜欢leave听任need需要teach教require需要prefer更喜欢advise建show演示tell吩咐urge强烈要求wish希望\n宾补（2）3.Whomadethelittlegirlcry?4.Didyouhearsomeoneenterthehouse?注：用不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词see,watch，hear,feel，notice，have,let,make。\n注意help的宾补，不定式也可带to也可不带。helpsb(to)do\n作补语（主补）1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.Thebirdwaslettofly.3.Heismadetoworktenhoursaday.注：(1)省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态的句子后成为主补时，符号to要加上。\n作独立成分1.I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.2.Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldn’tunderstandeveryword.3.Totellthetruth,Idon’tthinkso.\n动词不定式的复合结构1.It’snecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.作主语2.It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.作主语3.It’stimeforustosetoff.作定语4.Thisisforyoutodecide.作表语\n用of还是forof前的形容词是honest，bad，cruel，rude，careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，说明人的特性。for前的形容词是dangerous,difficult,hard,important,interesting,easy，necessary等，说明不定式动作的特性。\n疑问词+不定式1.Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.作主语2.Thequestioniswhichtochoose.作表语3.Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.作宾语\n不定式的时态和语态Theyseemtohavefinishedthework.HepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhenIenteredhisroom.Theshoesneedtoberepaired.=Theshoesneedrepairing.\n省去动词原形的不定式-Wouldyouliketojoinus?-I’dloveto.Don’tgotillItellyouto.\n一些固定的动词不定式用法wouldratherdothando宁愿做…而不愿做…prefertodoratherthando宁愿做…而不愿做…tryone’sbesttodo尽力去做besupposedtodo应该做hadbetterdo最好做can’twaittodo等不及要做donothingbutdo除了做…什么都做不了havenochoicebuttodo除了做…别无选择\n动名词的用法\n动名词的形式和否定形式动词原形+ing(eg:studying)not/never+动名词(eg:notreading)\n动名词的功用作主语作宾语作表语作定语\n作主语Listeningcanhelp.Smokingisnotallowedhere.It’ssonicetalkingtoyou.It’sawasteoftimeexplainingittoher.\n作宾语Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.WeoftengotexcitedaboutsomethingandendupspeakinginChinese.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?\n只接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词avoid避免suggest建议consider考虑imagine想象Include包括mind介意keep一直stop阻止advise建议practice练习risk冒危险miss错过机会enjoy喜欢finish完成\n只接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的短语动词putoff推迟beworth值得giveup放弃；戒除holdonto坚持bebusy忙于feellike想要endup以…结束keepon一直；反复不断payattentionto注意lookforwardto期待be/getusedto习惯can‘thelp忍不住insiston坚持\n作介词宾语用于一些固定结构spend....(in)doingstop/prevent/keepsbfromdoinghavefun/trouble/problems/difficulty/confidence(in)doing\n作表语Readingislearning.Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.Themainthingisgettingthereontime.\n作定语Hewalkswithawalkingstick.Thereisaswimmingpoolnearmyhouse.Youcan’ttalkloudlyinthereadingroom.\n动名词的复合结构Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmesittingbesideyou?\n既可接动词不定式也可接动名词意义区别不大的词beginhatelikelovestartprefer\n接动词不定式和动名词意义不同的词1.Iremembertellingyouthat.Pleaseremembertobringithere.2.He’llneverforgethearinghersinging.Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme.\n3.Hestoppedsmokinglastweek.Hestoppedtosmoke.(状语)4.Theywentondiscussing.Theywentontodiscussotherproblems.(状语)\nExercises1．Idon'tallow_____inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallowmyfamily_____atall.　A.smoking；tosmoke　B.tosmoke；smoking　C.tosmoke；tosmoke　D.smoking；smoking2．Yourclothesneed_____.　A.washed　B.tobewashed　C.towash　D.beingwashing3．Thisbikeisnotworth_____.　A.toberepaired　　B.ofrepairing　C.torepair　　　　D.repairingABD\n4．_____isbettertolovethan_____.　A.That,tobeloved　B.That；belove　C.It；beloved　　　　D.It；tobeloved5．-WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?　-It‘sadifficultlanguage_____.　A.speaking　B.tobespoken　C.tospeak　D.spoken6．Hewouldratherstayathomethan_____outwithyou.　　A.go　　B.togo　　C.going　D.goesDCA\n7．I‘mconsidering_____youroffer.　　A.tohaveaccepted　B.beingaccepted　　C.accepting　　　　　D.toaccept8．-What‘smadeRosesoupset?　　-_____threeticketstoJayChou’sconcert.　　A.Lost　　　　　　　　B.Losing　　C.Becauseoflosing　D.Sinceshelost9．Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.　　A.goingonvacation　　　B.goonvacation　　C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacationCBA\n10．Thestorywassofunnythatwe_____.　　A.couldn‘thelplaugh　　B.can’tbutlaugh　　C.couldn‘thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh11．Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.　　A.toreturn　B.returning　　C.return　　D.toreturning12．-It'sgettingverylate.Maybeweshouldn'tgo.　　-No,let'sgo.Gettingtherelateisbetterthan_____atall.　　A.wedon'tarrive　B.toarrivenot　　C.nottoarrive　　D.notarrivingCAD\n13．Remember_____thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.　　A.puttingback　B.havingputback　　C.toputback　D.willputback14．Hehadnodifficulty_____theproblems.　　A.workingout　　B.havingworkedout　　C.tohaveworkedout　　D.toworkout15．Ourmonitorsuggested_____adiscussionofthesubject.　　A.tohave　B.shouldhave　　C.have　　　D.havingCAD\n16．-Whatdoyouthinkofthisschool?　　-Itisaverygood_____.　　A.studyingschoolB.schoolforchildrentostudy　　C.schooltostudyin　D.schooltostudy17．Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirst_____andthelast_____.　　A.ofcoming；ofleaving　B.comes；leaves　　C.tocome；toleave　　　D.coming；leaving18．You'dbetter_____herthebadnewsnow.　　A.don'ttell　B.nottell　　C.won'ttell　D.nottotellCCB\nThanksforwatching!