• 574.00 KB
  • 2022-07-28 发布

初中易混淆词汇辨析ppt课件

  • 51页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
  4. 网站客服QQ:403074932
初中易混淆词盘点\n一、容易混淆的动词:了解及物动词和不及物动词用法;掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法;理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法;初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等。\n1.come&behereHehascomehereforthreehours.[正]Hecameherethreehoursago.[正]Hehasbeenhereforthreehours.与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep;join-bein/at;die-bedead;buy-have;leave-beaway,etc.\n短暂动作:diestandupBorrowbuyleavefinishfallasleepjoin持续动词:bedeadstandkeephavebeawaybeoverbeasleepbein..\n2.cost&take&spend&payIcostalotoftimetoreadstories.[正]Itcostmealotoftimetoreadstories.[正]Ispentalotoftimereadingstories.\nspend,cost,take用法的区别(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:(sb)spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth. (sb)spendsomemoney/sometime(in)doingsth.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat. =Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat.我花50元买了这件大衣。Hespentthreedaysonthework. =Hespendthreedays(in)doingthework.我干这项工作用了3天。\n(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth=sth.takessb.sometime.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses.Theworkwilltakemetwodays.这项工作花了2天时间。\n3)cost的主语必须是某物。用法是sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。Thedictionarycostme£20.\n3.join&takepartin[误]HejoinedtheLeaguefortwoyears.[正]HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.[正]HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.[正]HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.\ntakepartin意为“参加,参与(某事物或某活动,如movement,revolution,meeting,conference,conversation,war等)”。例如:Switzerlanddidn'ttakepartinthiswar.瑞士没有参加这次战争。HowmanycountrieswilltakepartintheWorldCup?有多少个国家要参加世界杯?\nJoin意为“参加(某组织),加入(某处任职),参加到某个人群中去,从而成为其中一员”。例如:Shejoinedahealthclub.她参加了一个健身俱乐部。WebothjoinedtheLaborParty.我们俩都加入了工党。\njoininsth./doingsth.意为“参加”,后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing。例如:CanIjoininthegame?我可以参加这个游戏吗?Theyalljoininsingingthesong.他们一起唱这首歌。\n练习:用takepartin,join和joinin的适当形式填空。1.Mybrother---thearmyin2002.2.Ididn'twantto---thesportsmeeting?3.Weareplayingfootball.Doyouwantto---?4.Youarewelcometo---us.参考答案:1.joined2.takepartin3.joinin4.join\nJoin指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,Joinin参加活动,游戏,竞赛Joinsb.意思是“加入某人”,takepartin指参加活动特别是大的运动;如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词bein或bea…member,而不能用join。\n4.borrow&lend&keep[误]Shehaslentmethebookforaweek.[正]Shelentmethebookaweekago.[正]It’saweeksinceshelentmethebook.\n5.lie&lay&lain[误]Shelaiddownthebookandlaidinbed.“说谎”,lieliedlied;“躺,卧;位于”,lie,lay,lain,现在分词是lying。“放;孵(蛋)”,lay,laid,laid。\n[误]Shelaiddownthebookandlaidinbed.[正]Shelaiddownthebookandlayinbed.\n6.bemadein&bemadeof&bemadefrom&bemadeupof[误]Thetableismadefromwood.[正]Thetableismadeofwood.\n7.stoptodo&stopdoing[误]Hewastootired,sohestoppedhavingarest.[正]Hewastootired,sohestoppedtohavearest.[误]Look!Theteacheriscoming.Wemuststoptotalk.[正]Look!Theteacheriscoming.Wemuststoptalking.\n二、容易混淆的名词:了解名词在句中所充当的成分,理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词;熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法;了解专有名词的概念及一般用法;熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法;了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。\n1.job&work[误]I’mbusytoday,forIhavealotofjobstodo.[正]I’mbusytoday,forIhavealotofworktodo.\n2.bytrain&changetrains[误]Wecameherebythetrain.[正]Wecameherebytrain.[正]Wecamehereon/inthetrain.[误]Wehavetochangethetrainatthenextstation.[正]Wehavetochangetrainsatthenextstation.\n骑自行车乘船乘公共汽车乘火车乘小汽车乘飞机由陆路由海路bybicycle/bikebyboat/shipbybusbytrainbycarbyair/planebylandbysea\n三、容易混淆的形容词:熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法;熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法;熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good、well、many、much等不规则变化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化;能熟练运用下列句型表示两者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较;初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别。\n1.any&some[误]Haveyougotsomemoneywithyou?[正]Haveyougotanymoneywithyou?[误]Wouldyoulikeanymilk?[正]Wouldyoulikesomemilk?\n2.either&each&both&neither&every[误]Therearemanyflowersoneithersideofthestreet.[误]Therearemanyflowersonneithersideofthestreet.[误]Therearemanyflowersoneachsidesofthestreet.[正]Therearemanyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.[正]Therearemanyflowersoneachsideofthestreet.\n[误]Everystudenthasnotfinishedtheirhomework.[正]Nostudenthasfinishedtheirhomework.\n3.few/little&afew/alittle[误]Sorry,Ihavefewmoneyonme.[正]Sorry,Ihavelittlemoneyonme.[误]Herbooksarefew.[正]Shehasfewbooks.\n[误]Theworkneedsafewnumberofworkers.[正]Theworkneedsasmallnumberofworkers.[正]Theworkneedsafewworkers.\nno意思是“没有”,可以否定一切名词,修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于notany,修饰可数名词单数时等于nota/an;not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切动词,修饰动词。nomorethan意思是“不过,仅仅”,相当于only,修饰“数量”词,强调“少”的含义;notmorethan意思是“至多,不多于,不超过”,用于陈述事实;nomore…than和notmore…than多用于多音节形容词的比较级。4.no¬\n5.already&yet&still[误]Whenwearrivedattheairport,theplanehadtakenoffyet.[正]Whenwearrivedattheairport,theplanehadtakenoffalready. [正]Whenwearrivedattheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.\n6.also&too&either&so&neither&nor[误]Myparentsdidn’tlikeswimming,nordidhis.[正]Myparentsdidn’tlikeswimming,neitherdidhis.\n7.sometimes&sometime&sometime&sometimes[误]Youcanonlykeepthebookforsometime.[正]Youcanonlykeepthebookforsometime.\n四、容易混淆的介词:熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法;理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法。\nabove&over; below&under[误]Ourclassroomisovertheirs.[正]Ourclassroomisabovetheirs.[误]Theplaneflewabovethebridge.[正]Theplaneflewoverthebridge.\n[误]Thelightshungabovethedesk.[正]Thelightshungoverthedesk.\n2.by&on&over &through[误]They’retalkingontheradio.[正]They’retalkingbyradio.“通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talkbyradio,名词前不加冠词。“通过收音机听到”习惯上说hearsth.on/over/throughtheradio,名词前加冠词。\n“通过电视看到”习惯上说watchsth.onTV。“通过电话交谈”习惯上说talkwithsb.on/overthetelephone。“通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说throughman-madesatellites。\n3.in&on&to表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时,介词in、on、to有不同的用法。以“在……东部”为例,表示在该地范围之内,用intheeastof,表示在该地与某地“相邻”,有接壤之意,用ontheeastof,表示不在该地范围,且有中间物,用totheeastof。\n[误]TianwanistotheeastofChina.[误]TianwanisontheeastofChina.[正]TianwanisintheeastofChina.\n5.to&for&toward(s)[误]HeisleavingtoHongKongnextmonth.[正]HeisleavingforHongKongnextmonth.to,toward(s)作静态介词,表示静态位置时,均表示“朝……”或“向……”,一般两者可通用,towards指时间“将近”,意思是nearly;to则表示一段时间的终点,“差……到”的意思;for常用在leave、start等后面,表示要去的目的地,不可用to。\n4.intheend&attheendof&bytheendof&atlast都有“最后”的意思,但intheend表示“结果,末了”,与atlast是同义词组,attheendof表示“在……末端,尽头”,后面要接名词短语,bytheendof表示“在……结束时,末了为止”,后面接时间短语。\n五、容易混淆的连词:掌握并列连词(如:and、but、or)和从属连词(如:when、if、that等)的基本用法。\nbecause&since &as&forbecause通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由。在含because的句子中,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句的结果上。因此,回答why提出的问题时,只能because,不能用since、as或for。becauseof后面只能跟短语,不能跟从句。since表示的原因,指人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因的强调。because与since不能与so连用。\nas表示原因与since差别不大,只是语气更弱,是显而易见的理由。for表示因果关系时,可与because替换使用,所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。在含for的句子里,for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因,与前一分句不存在因果关系。\n[误]Becausehewasill,sohedidn’tgotoschooltoday.[正]Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.[正]Hedidn’tgotoschooltodaybecausehewasill.\n2.either…or… neither…nor… notonly…butalso… both…and…[误]EitherheorIareright.[正]EitherheorIamright.前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数。\n六、容易混淆的代词:熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法;掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法;熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。\n1.either&each&none&neither&both&all&some[误]Eitherofthebooksaregood.[正]Eitherofthebooksisgood.either/each/none/neitherof+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,其中neither的也可用复数;both/all/someof+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。\n答案:1.C2.B3.C4.C5.D6.C7.D8.D9.B10.D11.C12.A13.C14.A15.C16.D17.D18.C19.A20.D\nTHANKYOU

相关文档