初中被动语态课件(定稿) 95页

被动语态寿春中学\nHowtodescribethepicturesTheriverwasseriouslypolluted.\nSometreeswerecutdown.\n语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。英语语态被动语态的构成由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。\nwaterwateredwatereduseusedusedstudystudiedstudiedstopstoppedstoppeddodiddonerideroderiddenForexample\nfindfoundfoundmakemademadebuildbuiltbuiltsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenbuyboughtboughthavehadhadsingsangsungtelltoldtoldgivegavegiven\n英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态\n主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.\n1.一般现在时am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.\nShewaterstheflowerseveryday.TheflowersWhatdoesshedoeveryday?everyday.arewateredbyher\nTheydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.\nHeplaysbasketballeveryweek.Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.\nMymothersweepstheflooreveryday.Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.\nIboughtacomputerlastterm．Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.2.一般过去时was/were+doneHeputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.\nJimrodethemotorbiketohisfactoryyesterday.Themotorbikewasriddentohisfactoryyesterday.\nTheyhadaneveningpartylastweek.Aneveningpartywashadlastweek.\nTheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.\nThestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.\n3.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+V(p.p)Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.\nIwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.4.过去进行时：was/were+being+v(p.p)\n5.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.\nsendto,hospital,rightnowatalk,give,soonTheywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.\nI__________________(notinvite)totomorrow’swedding.won’tbeinvited\nwillnotbedone否定结构Dogswillnotbeallowedtoenteryourclassroom.allow\nsmokingstadiumallowSmokingwillnotbeallowedinthestadium.\n6.现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.\n7.含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should等情态动词+be+doneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.\nTheycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.\nHecancarrythebasket.Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.\nAnncantakegoodcareofthecats．ThecatscanbetakengoodcareofbyAnn.\nWeshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.\nOurstudentsmustn’tsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustn’tbesmokedbyourstudents.\n小结：各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should等+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+done\nFillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhasnotbeencleanedHomework:\nReadtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished\nGoodbyeThankyou!\n被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省）e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.\n2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（即：主动省to，被动加上to。）e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（常考词有：make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice等。)\n3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有:give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有:make,buydraw…\ne.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1：Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2：Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1：Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2：Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.\n4.系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。常见的有taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel（摸起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等.例如：1)Theappletastesgood.2)Thesongsoundsgentle.\n5.有些动词如:sell（卖），wash（洗），write(写）等与副词well（好），easily（容易地）等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：1)Thecoatwasheseasily.2)Thebookssellwell\nHomework:1.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.2.Theyfinishedtheirhomework.3.Icanmendhisbike.4.Shewillbuytenbookstomorrow.5.Weshouldn’tallowthemtogooutwiththeirfriends.6.Theoldmanoftenmakesuslaugh.\nExercises:1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhaveto  B．arenotkept；have    C．donotkeep；willhaveto    D．donotkeep；haveto   2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow. A.developedB.havedeveloped C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped 3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentold  B．I'vetold C．I'mtold    D．ItoldACA\n4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___. A.hascompleted  B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted 5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture. A.cut    B.arecut C.arebeingcut   D.hadbeencut 6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.  A.hasbeendesigned        B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned    D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.  A.breaks    B.hasbroken C.wasbroken             D.hadbeenbrokenDCBC\n8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.   A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup 9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.   A.hadcosted B.costedC.iscostedD.cost 10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.      ---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for? A.isbeingbuilt  B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilt   D.isbuilding 11.---Doyoulikethecloth?     ---Yes,it___verysoft. A.isfeeling  B.felt  C.feels   D.isfeltBDAC\n12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．write   B．towrite C．tobewritten   D．written 13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totype       B．typing C．tobetyped   D．typed 14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily. A.won’twashout B.won’tbewashedout C.isn’twashedout D.isn’twashingout 15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___. A.beputup  B.givein C.beturnedon  D.gooutBCAD\n16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.  A.belongs   B.arebelongedto C.belongsto  D.belongto 17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?       ---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.  A.toread B.tobereadC.readingD.beingread 18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.  A.catching  B.tobecaught C.beingcaught  D.tocatch   19.Thispageneeded___again.  A.beingchecked B.checked C.tocheck  D.tobechecked 20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.Havingtaught B.Havingbeentaught C.taught   D.TeachingDCCDB\nTombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.\nFillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhasnotbeencleaned\nReadtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished\n被动语态ThePassiveVoice\n被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。\nHisbrotherwashesfaceeveryday.主谓宾Faceiswashed(byhisbrother)everyday.1.一般现在时的被动语态：\n2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.结构：am/is/are+过去分词\nExercises:1)TheyplayfootballonSunday.2)Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.\nHelookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.3.一般过去时：was/were+V.(p.p)\nExercises:Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.\nTheywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：will+be+过去分词4.一般将来时：\nExercises:Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehad(byus)nextweek.Somephotoswillbetaken(bychildren)intheschoolyardtomorrow.\n5．含有情态动词的：情态动词+be+过去分词AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.\n1)Hecantakecareofthebaby.2)Lucymaydrawthepictures.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Exercises:\nWehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时:have/has+been+V.(p.p)8.现在完成时：\n1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISESareusedarecleaned(变被动语态）\n练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.\n7.TheywritebusinesslettersinEnglish.8.TheygrowriceinSouthChina.9.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina.10.LuXunwrotethisbook.11.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday\n练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.3.Wetookcareofthethings.4.Theygaveussomework.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.\n下列时态的被动语态构成1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.2.Theboywasmendinghisbike.3.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.看一看想一想\nThePassiveVoicemadebyLiQin\nShewaterstheflowerseveryday.TheflowersWhatdoesshedoeveryday?everyday.arewateredbyher\nTheydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.\nHeplaysbasketballeveryweek.Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.\nMymothersweepstheflooreveryday.Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.\njacketThejacketisusedforkeepingwarm.ThejacketismadeinGuangzhou.Guangzhoukeepingwarm\nZhengzhouknivescuttingthings\nsummary英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.一般现在时(simplepresent)：S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词(done)一般过去时(simplepast)：S+was/were+过去分词(done)\n2.Iboughtacomputerlastterm．Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.\nThelightwasinventedbyThomasEdison.inventThomasEdisoninventedthelight.\nJimrodethemotorbiketohisfactoryyesterday.Themotorbikewasriddentohisfactoryyesterday.\nTheyhadaneveningpartylastweek.Aneveningpartywashadlastweek.\nTheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.\nThestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.\nAskandanswerwatereverydayathomemygrandmaA:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.\nsweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewhodoafterschoolintheclassroomthechildren\nbuildlonglongagoinBeijingChinesepeoplebuylastweekinNingboMary\n1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌\n3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.\n5.Lastyearwebuiltalibraryinourschool.Alibrary______________inourschoollastyear.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasbuiltcanbeused\n7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished\n9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous\n10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone\n12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken\nHaveatry1.Theemperorinventedteabyaccident.2.ManyChinesecanspeakEnglish.3.Theydon’twashtheirclotheseveryday.4.Theboybrokethedooroftheclass.Teawasinventedbytheemperorbyaccident.EnglishcanbespokenbymanyChinese.Theirclothesaren’twashedbythemeveryday.Thedooroftheclasswasbrokenbytheboy.\n5.Wedidn’tsolvetheproblem.6.DidMaryfinishthework?7.Hismothershouldn’tallowhimtowearearrings.8.Shouldwewaterthetreeseveryday?9.Wemuststoppeoplewalkingonthegrass.Theproblemwasn’tsolvedbyus.WastheworkfinishedbyMary?Heshouldn’tbeallowedtowearearringsbyhismother.Shouldthetreesbewateredbyuseveryday?Peoplemustbestoppedwalkingonthegrass.\nFillintheblanks:Paper(invent)_______________inA.D.105byCaiLuninChina.Itisanimportantpartofoureverydaylives,butfewpeopleeverthinkabouthowit(make)____________.Todaymostpapercomesfromtrees.However,withtheconcernfortheenvironment(考虑到环境),moreandmorepaper(produce)____________fromrecycledpaperproducts.Sincepaperproductsareofdifferentqualities,theyfirst(sort分类)____________beforethey(recycle)_____________.Thesortedmaterial(put)_____________intoahugemachine.wasinventedismadeisproducedaresortedarerecycledisput