- 2.12 MB
- 2022-07-28 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
非谓语一高考需掌握的相关知识点:\n另外,常见的还有:1、情态动词(除ought外)后的to已省略。例:Youmustgotothehospitalfirst.你必须先去医院。Icanswimwell.我能游得很好。2、使役动词let,have,make后,感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等词后的to省略。\n例:Hemadethebabycryingallnightlong.他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。Letitbe.就这样吧。whenIpassedby,Isawthegirlpickingtheflowers.我经过的时候,看见那个女孩在摘花。注意:在这些词的用法中,用于被动语态时不能省去to。例:Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们整夜干活。=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3、wouldrather/hadbetter/had best后的to省略。例:IwouldrathergotoJapanthantheUSA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。Youhadbettertakeahatwithyou.你最好带上一顶帽子。4、why…/whynot…句型中not后to省略。例:whynotcometomyhomeforadinnertonight?今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、help后可带to,也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth:6、如果在feel,know,observe,see后面跟的不定式是be,则to不可省略。例: We all felt that to be the highest praise. We know him to be brave.The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman's desire for profits. Now I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning. 应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。7、由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去:例:Heforgottogotoherhomeandgivehertheimportantletter.他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。8、通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等词后作宾补时,可以省去tobe。例:Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。\n9、but作介词,后结不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to.例hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.10、不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。例we’vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.\nIt(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。\n1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on 2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating 3. It is difficult for a foreigner _________ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters __________, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult __________. a.to repair b.to be repaired c.repairing d.being repaired 6. He was nowhere __________. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen 7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work __________. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done \n动名词复合结构的一般构成: 1)名词的所有格形式+动名词(或动名词短语) 2)形容词性的物主代词+动名词(或动名词短语) 如不置于句首时,可以使用:名词+动名词(或动名词短语)或者宾格代词+动名词(或动名词短语)动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window? (比较:Would you mind closing the window?) Bob′s being absent made his teacher very angry. No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed.动词—ing的独立结构:\n不定式和动名词作主语的区别:(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)\nDrivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)Tofinishthetaskwilltakealongtime.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.(4)动名词做主语往往表示普通的,一般的行为;不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。Collectinginformationaboutchildren'shealthishisjob.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo(2)It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较A.作前置定语现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语,而不定式不能作前置定语。如:①adevelopingcountry,adevelopedcountry;boilingwater,boiledwater;②buildingmaterials,aswimmingpool;thesleepingboy,thecomingnewyear。辨异的方法很简单:①现在分词具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如,adevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping(发展中国家);boilingwater=waterwhichisboiling(正在滚开的水);adevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped(发达国家);boiledwater=waterwhichhasbeenboiled(已滚开过的水)。②现在分词和动名词同形,但作前置定语时,动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途,例如,.buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding;aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming;而现在分词作前置定语时,表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如,thesleepingboy=theboywhoissleeping;thecomingnewyear=thenewyearthatiscoming。\nB.作后置定语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语,而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句: ①Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.②Theproblemdiscusseddiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.③Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.辨析:上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语,是因为它们存在不同的情况:不定式作定语,表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语,表示动作已完成(已发生)。据此,我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子,这样学生就更容易理解:①Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.=Theproblem(whichis)tobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.②Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.=Theproblem(whichwas)discussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.③Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.=Theproblem(whichis)beingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语也是比较常用的句式,如:IheardhimsingingEnglishsongs.HisEnglishwaspoor.Hecouldhardlymakehimselfunderstood.学习小结:不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补,正确使用它们的方法是:首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的宾语之间的关系,如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者,则用不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成,侧重工作的全过程,而现在分词表示动作正在进行;如果逻辑主语是它们动作的承受者,则应用过去分词作宾补。如:IoftenheardhimsingEnglishsongs.IheardhimsingingEnglishsongs.IoftenheardEnglishsongssungbyhim.\n不定式、分词作状语时的比较A.不定式可修饰动词和形容词,表示原因、目的和结果。a)作修饰动词的原因状语。如:ThewholenationwasindeepsorrowtolearnofPremierZhouEnlai’sdeath.Helaughedtothinkofhisstupidson.b)作修饰动词的目的状语。如:HewenttobuyanEnglishdictionaryinthebookstore.不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前,则更为正式一些,语气也较重。如:Tobeateacherofthepeople,onemustfirstbetheirpupil.c)作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语,表示一种没有预料到的情况或结果,须放在被修饰动词的后面,如:Hewokeuptofindthathewaslyinginthehospital.有时为了进一步加强预料不到的语气,在表示结果的不定式前还可加only,如:Hewenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.d)作修饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是,此时作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式,表示被动的含义。如:Mychairiscomfortabletositon.Englishisverydifficulttolearnwell.B.分词可作多种状语,用法比较活跃。a)作时间状语(相当时间状语从句),如:Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(=Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,...)(When)heated,icewillturnintowater.(=Whenitisheated,...)b)作原因状语(相当原因状语从句),如:BeingaPartymember,Ishouldtakethelead.(=AsIamaPartymember,...)Greatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords,hemadeuphismindtoworkevenharder.(=Becausehewasgreatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords,...)\nc)作方式、伴随或附加说明状语,如:Filledforthemomentwithextraordinarystrength,heraisedhimselfcompletely.Hestoodtherewaitingforabus.Hereforthefourverydifficultyearstheyworkedeverymomentthattheycouldspare,weighingandboilingandmeasuringandcalculatingandthinking.d)作条件状语(相当条件状语从句),如:Givensomemoretime,shewilldoworkevenbetter.(=Ifsheisgivensomemoretime,...)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.(=Ifyouplayallday,...)e)作结果状语,如:Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加only,表示预料之中的情况,如:Hewenttoseehimlastnightonlyfindinghimstudying.Hewasalwaysworkinghard!f)作程度状语,如:Thewindroseanditbecamefreezingcold.g)作目的状语,如:Yesterdayshewentshoppingwithhisclassmates.h)作让步状语(相当于让步状语从句),如:Thoughwarnedofthedanger,thechildrenwentonskatingonthethinice.(=Thoughtheywerewarnedofthedanger,...)要点提示:分词作状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果分词表示的是主动、进行的动作,则用现在分词作状语;如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态,则用过去分词作状语,如:Followingtheoldman,hesteppedintotheroom.Followedbytheoldman,hesteppedintotheroom.Greatlyinterested,Iaskedhowheplayedthesenewworks.\n⑹不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较A.不定式作独立成分,表示不定式独立于句子的其他成分,是英语表达的一种方式,不常用,如:Totellyouthetruth,Iamalmostfreezing.Tobehonest,Idon’tlikebeingleftaloneathome.B.现在分词作独立成分,用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度,如:Generallyspeaking,boysarephysicallystrongerthangirls.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbeanAmerican.注意:\n\n重点:Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),beworth值得),notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。\n1—5 bbbca 6—8 bad独立主格结构有如下几种: 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如: The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。 \n 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如: The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如: He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如: An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如: He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如: The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。 7. There being +名词(代词)如: There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。 8. It being +名词(代词)如: It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。\n