高中英语教学论文 欧洲文化入门复习资料精选 8页

欧洲文化入门复习资料精选第二章1、ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.在西方最具影响力的宗教2、Judeo-ChristiantraditionconstitutesoneofthetwomajorcomponentsofEuropeanculture：JudaismandChristianity.3、TheJewishtradition，whichgavebirthtoChristianity.（犹太教是基督教的前身）BothoriginatedinPalestine，whichwasknownasCanaan.4、TheancestorsoftheJews—theHebrews.犹太人的祖先是希伯来人5、Theycalled“Hebrews”，whichmeans“wanderers”。商旅6、About1300B.C.，theHebrewscametosettle（定居）inPalestine.7、TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedintheOldTestamentoftheBible.8、TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.9、TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandtheLawsofGod.上帝与上帝的教义10、TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist11、TheNewTestamentis，inessence（实质上），thefouraccounts（四福音书），writtenbythefourdisciples.弟子12、Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.13、BibleisrepresentativeofChristianityand新旧约14、TheOldTestament名词解释\nTheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandtheLawsofGod.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.15、TheNewTestament名词解释TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.16、TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books，theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks，calledPentateuch.摩西五经17、Pentateuch名词解释TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books，theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks，calledPentateuch.Pentateuchcontainsfivebooks：Genesis（创世记），Exodus（出埃及记），Leviticus（教义记），Numbers（逃亡记），Deuteronomy（摩西遗言记）。18、Genesis名词解释GenesisisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch，ittellsaboutareligiousaccount（描述）oftheoriginoftheHebrewspeople，includingtheoriginoftheworldandofman，thecareer（经历）ofIssacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph.19、Exodus名词解释ExodusisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch，ittellsaboutareligious（宗教的）historyoftheHebrewsduringtheirflightfromEgypt，theperiodwhentheybegantoreceiveGod‘sLaw.Joshuabroughtthepeoplesafelybacktocanaan.\n20、TheFallofManwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，TheBible.21、Noah‘sArkwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，TheBible.22、TheHistoricalBookswasdividedintosevensections：①BooksofJoshua②BooksofJudges③BooksofSamuel④BooksofKings⑤BooksoftheChronicles⑥BooksofEzra⑦BooksofNehemiah.23、ThecontentofhistoricalBooks：1200B.C.586B.C.DealingwithhistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefromtheirentryintoPalestinearound1200B.C.，tillthefallofPalestineintohandsofAssyriansandChaldeansin586B.C.24、TheHistoryBooks的内容①Thedevelopmentofsystemoflandednobles.②Thedevelopmentofmonarchy.君主专制③EstablishmentofthetwoKingdoms.两大王国的初步形成④（略看）Thesettlementinthehighlands⑤（略看）AgeofgreatprosperityunderSaul，DavidandSolomon.25、JoshuabroughtthepeoplesafelybacktoCanaan.26、ThefirstkingtounitetheHebrewswasSaul.27、Davidestablishedreligiouscapital，JerusalemtoPalestine.28、TheProphets（先知）名词解释宣传教义并受神灵庇佑的人FormorethanathousandyearsintheMiddleEasttherehadbeenaclassofpeopleknownas“Prophets”orthespokesmenofGod.Earlierprophetslivedingroupsastempleofficials.Lateronthereappearedindependentprophet.\nTheProphetscanbegroupedintotheMajorProphetsandMinorProphets.（分为大小先知）29、TheBookofDaniel名词解释TheBookofDanielbelongstoTheOldTestamentoftheBible.IttellsabouttheHebrewsbeingcarriedawayintoBabylon.30、TheformerbodyofchurchwasknownasSynagogues.犹太教的会堂是教堂的前身31、ThePentateuchisthebookofDanielisalsocalledtorah.摩西五经的别称32、ThestoryaboutGod‘sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood-virtuebeingsavedwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，theBible，whichwasknownasNoah’sArk.33、By300A.D.eachlocalchurchwascalledaparishandhadafulltimeleaderknownasapriest.34、Severalparishesweregroupedtogetherintoalargeunitcalleddiocese，whichwasheadedbyabishop.35、Themostimportantbishopswerecalledarchbishops.（红衣大主教）36、TowardstheendofthefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartoftheNewTestament，whichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.37、TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedinMatthew（马塞福音书）38、AllthegenerationsfromAbrahamtoDavidarefourteengenerations.为什么十四在西方吉利39、TheLastSupperwasrecordedinJohn.40、TheLastSupperwasputintoanoilpaintingbyDaVinciinthehighrenaissanceinItaly.\n文艺复兴以人为本的标志——蒙娜丽莎41、TheLastSupperadaptedfromSt.John，theNewTestament，theBible.42、ThestoryaboutJesusbeingbetrayedbyJudaswasknownasTheLastSupper.43、ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinned（钉死）inthecrosstodeathwasknownasTheLastSupper.44、ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformers（改革者）ledbyJohnWycliff.45、Wycliff与Tyndale的区别是：语言来源不同Reformation（宗教改革）为了againsttheLatinlanguage.46、WilliamTyndale‘sversionwasbasedontheoriginalHebrewandGreeksources论述简答一、WhatdifferencebetweenChristianityandtheotherreligions？（WhataretheforcefulbeliefsofChristianity？）答   Christianitybaseditselfontwoforceful（强烈的）beliefswhichseparateitfromallotherreligions.1、OneisthatJesusChrististheSonofGod，andthatGodsenthimtoearth（世界）toliveashumanslive，sufferashumanssuffer，anddietoredeemmankind.（挽回人类）2、TheotheristhatGodgavehisonlybegottenson（唯一的儿子），sothatwhosoever（whoever的强调型）believesinhimshouldnotperish，buthaveeverlastinglife.（获得永生）\n加尔文主义也有这样的观点二、HowdidChristianityoriginateanddevelopintheEuropeancontinent（洲）？☆（HowwasChristianityspreadtoEuropeandbecametheofficialreligion？统治性宗教）答   1、ThedisciplesofJesustriedtospreadhisgospel，firstamongtheJewsinPalestineandthenintheMediterraneanregion.2、Duringatimeofgreatunrestandupheaval动荡不安intheEuropeancontinent，thepoorandhumblefoundcomfortintheChristianGospel.福音（书）3、ChristianitybegantodrawmenandwomenfromallclassesinEurope.TheRomansgrewtiredofwarandfeared（害怕）thecollapse（崩溃）oftheempire.AndtheyadmiredthecourageoftheChristianmissionaries.传教士4、ConstantinebelievedthatGodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattle（战役）andissued（发出）theEdictofMilan米兰特令（选择）in313.Itgranted（许可）religiousfreedomtoall，andmadeChristianitylegal.合法化5、In392A.D.，EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.其他宗教不合法6、NowChristianityhadchangedfromanobjectofoppression（压迫）toaweaponinthehandsoftheruling（管理）classtocrushtheiropponents（粉碎对手）。TheLatinlanguagebecametheofficiallanguage三、WhatarethedifferenttranslationeditionsoftheBible？答   1、Theoldestextant（现存的）GreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownastheSeptuagint.AnditisstillinuseintheGreekChurchtoday.ButitonlytranslatedtheOldTestament.\n2、ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholeBibleistheVulgateedition，whichwasdonein385-405A.D.BySt.Jeromeincommonpeople‘slanguage.ItbecametheofficialBibleoftheRomanCatholicChurchthroughouttheworld.3、ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformers（改革者）ledbyJohnWycliff.4、AfterJohnWycliff‘sversion，appearedWilliamTyndale’sversion.ItwasbasedontheoriginalHebrewandGreeksources.来源5、TheGreatBible（大圣经）orderedbyHenryⅧin1539tobeplacedinalltheEnglishchurcheswasinpartfoundedonTyndale‘swork.6、ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleisthe“Authorized”（官方版圣经）or“KingJames”version，firstpublishedin1611.Itwasproducedby54biblicalscholarsatthecommandofKingJames.Withitssimple，majestic（高雅的）Anglo-Saxontongue，itisknownasthegreatestbookintheEnglishlanguages.7、TheRevisedVersionappearedin1885，andthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionin1901.（美国英语版）8、TheGoodNewsBibleandtheNewEnglishBible四、Whatisthegreatsignificanceofthetranslationsofthebible？（WhatarethegreatinfluencesthattheEnglishBiblehasontheAmericanandBritishliterature？）答1、ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheEnglishBibleandShakespearearetwogreatreservoirs（水库）ofModernEnglish.2、Miltion‘sParadiseLost（失乐园），Bunyan’sPilgrim‘sProgress，\nByron’sCain，uptothecontemporary（同时期的）Hemingway‘sTheSunAlsoRises，andSteinbeck’sEastofEden.TheyarenotinfluencedwithouttheeffectoftheBible.