高中英语教学论文 欧洲文化入门复习资料精选 6页

欧洲文化入门复习资料精选第二章   1、ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.在西方最具影响力的宗教   2、Judeo-ChristiantraditionconstitutesoneofthetwomajorcomponentsofEuropeanculture：JudaismandChristianity.   3、TheJewishtradition，whichgavebirthtoChristianity.（犹太教是基督教的前身）BothoriginatedinPalestine，whichwasknownasCanaan.   4、TheancestorsoftheJews—theHebrews.犹太人的祖先是希伯来人   5、Theycalled“Hebrews”，whichmeans“wanderers”。商旅   6、About1300B.C.，theHebrewscametosettle（定居）inPalestine.   7、TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedintheOldTestamentoftheBible.   8、TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.   9、TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandtheLawsofGod.上帝与上帝的教义10、TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist11、TheNewTestamentis，inessence（实质上），thefouraccounts（四福音书），writtenbythefourdisciples.弟子   12、Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.   13、BibleisrepresentativeofChristianityand新旧约   14、TheOldTestament名词解释   TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandtheLawsofGod.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.   15、TheNewTestament名词解释6用心爱心专心\n   TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections：theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”，theagreementbetweenGodandMan.   16、TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books，theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks，calledPentateuch.摩西五经   17、Pentateuch名词解释   TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books，theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks，calledPentateuch.Pentateuchcontainsfivebooks：Genesis（创世记），Exodus（出埃及记），Leviticus（教义记），Numbers（逃亡记），Deuteronomy（摩西遗言记）。   18、Genesis名词解释   GenesisisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch，ittellsaboutareligiousaccount（描述）oftheoriginoftheHebrewspeople，includingtheoriginoftheworldandofman，thecareer（经历）ofIssacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph.   19、Exodus名词解释   ExodusisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch，ittellsaboutareligious（宗教的）historyoftheHebrewsduringtheirflightfromEgypt，theperiodwhentheybegantoreceiveGod‘sLaw.Joshuabroughtthepeoplesafelybacktocanaan.   20、TheFallofManwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，TheBible.21、Noah‘sArkwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，TheBible.   22、TheHistoricalBookswasdividedintosevensections：   ①BooksofJoshua②BooksofJudges③BooksofSamuel④BooksofKings   ⑤BooksoftheChronicles⑥BooksofEzra⑦BooksofNehemiah.   23、ThecontentofhistoricalBooks：1200B.C.586B.C.   DealingwithhistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefromtheirentryintoPalestinearound1200B.C.，tillthefallofPalestineintohandsofAssyriansandChaldeansin586B.C.   24、TheHistoryBooks的内容6用心爱心专心\n   ①Thedevelopmentofsystemoflandednobles.   ②Thedevelopmentofmonarchy.君主专制   ③EstablishmentofthetwoKingdoms.两大王国的初步形成   ④（略看）Thesettlementinthehighlands   ⑤（略看）AgeofgreatprosperityunderSaul，DavidandSolomon.   25、JoshuabroughtthepeoplesafelybacktoCanaan.   26、ThefirstkingtounitetheHebrewswasSaul.   27、Davidestablishedreligiouscapital，JerusalemtoPalestine.   28、TheProphets（先知）名词解释宣传教义并受神灵庇佑的人   FormorethanathousandyearsintheMiddleEasttherehadbeenaclassofpeopleknownas“Prophets”orthespokesmenofGod.Earlierprophetslivedingroupsastempleofficials.Lateronthereappearedindependentprophet.TheProphetscanbegroupedintotheMajorProphetsandMinorProphets.（分为大小先知）   29、TheBookofDaniel名词解释   TheBookofDanielbelongstoTheOldTestamentoftheBible.IttellsabouttheHebrewsbeingcarriedawayintoBabylon.   30、TheformerbodyofchurchwasknownasSynagogues.犹太教的会堂是教堂的前身31、ThePentateuchisthebookofDanielisalsocalledtorah.摩西五经的别称   32、ThestoryaboutGod‘sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood-virtuebeingsavedwasrecordedinGenesis，Pentateuch，theOldTestament，theBible，whichwasknownasNoah’sArk.   33、By300A.D.eachlocalchurchwascalledaparishandhadafulltimeleaderknownasapriest.   34、Severalparishesweregroupedtogetherintoalargeunitcalleddiocese，whichwasheadedbyabishop.   35、Themostimportantbishopswerecalledarchbishops.（红衣大主教）6用心爱心专心\n   36、TowardstheendofthefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartoftheNewTestament，whichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.   37、TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedinMatthew（马塞福音书）   38、AllthegenerationsfromAbrahamtoDavidarefourteengenerations.为什么十四在西方吉利   39、TheLastSupperwasrecordedinJohn.   40、TheLastSupperwasputintoanoilpaintingbyDaVinciinthehighrenaissanceinItaly.   文艺复兴以人为本的标志——蒙娜丽莎41、TheLastSupperadaptedfromSt.John，theNewTestament，theBible.   42、ThestoryaboutJesusbeingbetrayedbyJudaswasknownasTheLastSupper.   43、ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinned（钉死）inthecrosstodeathwasknownasTheLastSupper.   44、ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformers（改革者）ledbyJohnWycliff.   45、Wycliff与Tyndale的区别是：语言来源不同   Reformation（宗教改革）为了againsttheLatinlanguage.   46、WilliamTyndale‘sversionwasbasedontheoriginalHebrewandGreeksources论述简答   一、WhatdifferencebetweenChristianityandtheotherreligions？   （WhataretheforcefulbeliefsofChristianity？） 答   Christianitybaseditselfontwoforceful（强烈的）beliefswhichseparateitfromallotherreligions.   1、OneisthatJesusChrististheSonofGod，andthatGodsenthimtoearth（世界）toliveashumanslive，sufferashumanssuffer，anddietoredeemmankind.（挽回人类）6用心爱心专心\n   2、TheotheristhatGodgavehisonlybegottenson（唯一的儿子），sothatwhosoever（whoever的强调型）believesinhimshouldnotperish，buthaveeverlastinglife.（获得永生）   加尔文主义也有这样的观点   二、HowdidChristianityoriginateanddevelopintheEuropeancontinent（洲）？   ☆（HowwasChristianityspreadtoEuropeandbecametheofficialreligion？统治性宗教）答   1、ThedisciplesofJesustriedtospreadhisgospel，firstamongtheJewsinPalestineandthenintheMediterraneanregion.   2、Duringatimeofgreatunrestandupheaval动荡不安intheEuropeancontinent，thepoorandhumblefoundcomfortintheChristianGospel.福音（书）   3、ChristianitybegantodrawmenandwomenfromallclassesinEurope.TheRomansgrewtiredofwarandfeared（害怕）thecollapse（崩溃）oftheempire.AndtheyadmiredthecourageoftheChristianmissionaries.传教士   4、ConstantinebelievedthatGodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattle（战役）andissued（发出）theEdictofMilan米兰特令（选择）in313.Itgranted（许可）religiousfreedomtoall，andmadeChristianitylegal.合法化   5、In392A.D.，EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.其他宗教不合法   6、NowChristianityhadchangedfromanobjectofoppression（压迫）toaweaponinthehandsoftheruling（管理）classtocrushtheiropponents（粉碎对手）。TheLatinlanguagebecametheofficiallanguage三、WhatarethedifferenttranslationeditionsoftheBible？ 答   1、Theoldestextant（现存的）GreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownastheSeptuagint.AnditisstillinuseintheGreekChurchtoday.ButitonlytranslatedtheOldTestament.   2、ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholeBibleistheVulgateedition，whichwasdonein385-405A.D.BySt.Jeromeincommonpeople‘slanguage.ItbecametheofficialBibleoftheRomanCatholicChurchthroughouttheworld.6用心爱心专心\n   3、ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformers（改革者）ledbyJohnWycliff.   4、AfterJohnWycliff‘sversion，appearedWilliamTyndale’sversion.ItwasbasedontheoriginalHebrewandGreeksources.来源   5、TheGreatBible（大圣经）orderedbyHenryⅧin1539tobeplacedinalltheEnglishchurcheswasinpartfoundedonTyndale‘swork.   6、ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleisthe“Authorized”（官方版圣经）or“KingJames”version，firstpublishedin1611.Itwasproducedby54biblicalscholarsatthecommandofKingJames.Withitssimple，majestic（高雅的）Anglo-Saxontongue，itisknownasthegreatestbookintheEnglishlanguages.   7、TheRevisedVersionappearedin1885，andthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionin1901.（美国英语版）   8、TheGoodNewsBibleandtheNewEnglishBible四、Whatisthegreatsignificanceofthetranslationsofthebible？   （WhatarethegreatinfluencesthattheEnglishBiblehasontheAmericanandBritishliterature？）   答1、ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheEnglishBibleandShakespearearetwogreatreservoirs（水库）ofModernEnglish.   2、Miltion‘sParadiseLost（失乐园），Bunyan’sPilgrim‘sProgress，Byron’sCain，uptothecontemporary（同时期的）Hemingway‘sTheSunAlsoRises，andSteinbeck’sEastofEden.TheyarenotinfluencedwithouttheeffectoftheBible.6用心爱心专心