【高中高考必备】高三毕业班英语总复习资料高中英语知识点之时态 8页

高考英语知识点之时态1.一般现在时①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100oC.②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Icefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.2.一般过去时①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.④常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.\nIdidn’trecognizehim.3.一般将来时①表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、nextweek等）。②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及区别：begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。begoingto表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正确)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(错误)betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.4.现在进行时①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：Itisrainingnow.HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.AtsixIambathingthebaby.(Istartbathingthebadybeforesix.)Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。5.过去完成时①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。（C）“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly\n/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.6.过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：用woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表过去将来。7.过去进行时①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。8.现在完成时①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成时This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that从句+完成时③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.9.时态区别①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、lastyear、justnow、theotherday等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.\n②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、looklike、consistto等。③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗。Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。②当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.③want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。\nThiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即requestvisitorsnottotouchtheexhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology__________sorapidly.(NMET2001)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___________,andwe’rereadytostart.（2000年春季高考）A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从andwe’rereadytostart句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。\n10.动词的时态与语态习题1．—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation．Itwassonear．—Yes．Ataxiatallnecessary．A．wasn’tB．hadn’tbeenC．wouldn’tbeD．won’tbe2．WhenIgottothecinema，thefilmfortheminutes．A．hasbegunB．hadbegunC．hadbeenonD．wason3．Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing，peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；havetoC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto4．Insomepartsoftheworld，teawithmilkandsugar.A．isservingB．isseveredC．servesD．served5．—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itvetysoft．A．isfeelingB．feltC．feelsD．isfelt6．Idon’treallyworkhere．Iuntilthenewsecretaryarrives．A．justhelpoutB．havejusthelpedoutC．amjusthelpingoutD．willjusthelpout7．—Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing，haveyou?—．HowIwishtogothere!A．Yes．IhaveB．Yes，Ihaven’tC．No．IhaveD．No，Ihaven’t8．Itisreportedthatbytheendofthisyear，anotherschoolwill．A．bebuiltB．havebuiltC．havebeenbuiltD．havebebuilt9．—Hey，lookwhereyouaregoing!———0h，I’mterriblysorry．．A．I’mnotnoticingB．1wasn’tnoticingC．Ihaven’tnoticedD．Idon’tnotice10．—Howareyoutoday?———Oh，IasillasIdonowforalongtime．A．didn’tfeelB．wasn’tfeelingC．don’tfeeD．haven’tfeltl1．OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile，butsoontohisoldways．A．returnedB．returnsC．wasreturningD．hadreturned12．Allthepreparationsforthetask，andwe’rereadytostart．A．completedB．completeC．hadbeencompletedD．havebeencompleted13．Hetothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment．A．hasnosoonergotB．wassupposedtoC．willnosoonergetD．havenosoonergot14．Thetrainarriveat11：30butitwasanhourlate．A．wouldsupposeB．wassupposedtoC．issupposedtoD．supposedto15．Hesteppedintotheoffice，downandbegantofillintheforms．A．sittingB．tositC．satD．havingsat16．Thelittlegirlherheartoutbecauseshehertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit．A．hadcried；1ostB．cried；hadloseC．hascried；haslostD．cries；has1ost17．Bothmybrothersworkatthepowerstationthatatmyhometown．A．hassetupB．hasbeensetupC．wassetupD．issetup18．Lindahas1ostherpassportagain．It’sthesecondtimethis．A．hashappenedB．hasbeenhappenedC．happenedD．happens19．—Sorry，Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.\n—Nevermind，itmyselftonight．A．I’mgoingtopostB．I’dbettertopostC．I’llpostD．I’dratherpost20．Hehislegwhenheinafootballmatchagainstanotherschoo1．A．broke；playedB．wasbreaking；wasplayingC．broke；wasplayingD．wasbreaking；played21．—Wheretherecorder?ICan’tseeitanywhere．—Iitrighthere．Butnowit’sgone．A．didyouput；haveputB．haveyouputputC．hadyouput；wasputtingD．wereyouputting；haveput22．Hello!IyouinLondon．Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A．don’tknow；wereB．hadn’tknown；areC．haveknown；areD．didn’tknow；were23．—Comeon，Peter．Iwanttoshowyousomething．—Oh，howniceofyou!Iyoutobringmeagift.A．neverthink；aregoingB．neverthought；weregoingC．didn’tthink；weregoingD．hadn’tthought；weregoing24．Alltheteachersinthisschoo1are．A．cleandressingB．cleanlydressingC．cleandressedD．cleanlydressed25．WhenIwasatcollegeIthreeforeignlanguages，butIallexceptafewwordsofeach．A．spoke；hadforgottenB．spoke；haveforgottenC．hadspoken；hadforgottenD．hadspoken；haveforgotten26．—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet．Therooms．A．arebeingpaintedB．arepaintingC．arepaintedD．arebeingpainting27．—Excuseme，sir．Wouldyoudomeafavor?ofcourse．Whatisit?—Iifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform．A．hadwonderedB．waswonderingC．wouldwonderD．didwonder28．—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime．—Whatdoyousupposetoher?A．washappeningB．tohappenC．hashappenedD．havinghappened29．IwonderwhyJennyusrecently．Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow．A．hasn’twrittenB．doesn’twriteC．won’twriteD．hadn’twritten30．Maryadresswhenshecutherfinger．A．makeB．ismakingC．wasmakingD．makes31．—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，thisisthefirsttimeIhere．A．wasB．havebeenC．cameD．amcoming32．ThelasttimeIJaneshecottoninthefields．A．hadseen；waspickingB．saw；pickedC．hadseen；pickedD．saw；waspicking33．Tomintothehousewhennoone．A．slipped；waslookingB．hadslipped；lookedC．slipped；hadlookedD．wasslipped；looked34．Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheofficesoon．A．1eavesB．wouldleaveC．1eftD．hadleft35ThepenIIisonmydesk，rightundermynose．A．think；lostB．thought；hadlost\nC．think；hadlostD．thought；have1ost36．—CanIjointheclub，Dad?—Youcanwhenyouabitolder．A．getB．willgetC．aregettingD．willhavegot37．—I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting．—0h，notata11．Ihereonlyafewminutes．A．havebeenB．hadbeenC．wasD．willbe38．Youdon’thavetodescribeherIherseveraltimes．A．hadmetB．havemetC．metD．most答案1-5ACABC6-10CDCBD11-15ADDBC16-20BBACC21-25BDBDB26-30ABCAC31-35BDABB36-38AAB