【高中高考必备】高三毕业班英语总复习资料状语从句 4页

第十一章状语从句状语从句高考的考查特点1.试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点(不同性质的连词;定语从句和名词性从句的干扰)2.题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高二能力要求：1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.三状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。▲常见考点：考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while/as/when引导时间状语从句；because/since/as/for引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；so…that/such…that引导结果状语从句等）；考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly/scarcely…when；nosooner…than等）考点五、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；2.根据从属连词的词义。★四、分类：状语从句按其作用可分为九类。1．时间状语从句常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)when,while,as,before,after,since,until(till)onceassoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,next1time,bythetime,whenever等。例如：Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.andhonestthefirsttimeImether.注意：（1）when,while,as的区别：1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：（短暂性）WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.（主先从后）WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseasideonSundays.(同时)（持续性）Whenthemovieended,thepeoplewentback.（从先主后）2)while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：Whilewewerechattingshewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall．3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast．4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意分别为“就在这时”，“然而”。eg.Iwashavingarestonthesofawhenthetelephonerang．Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheycouldn’t.注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：①…was/weredoing…when…（正在做…突然）②…was/wereabouttodo…when…（刚要做…突然）③…was/wereonthepointofdoing…when…(刚要做…突然)done…when….(刚一…就)⑤\nHardly/Scarcelyhad…done…when…(刚一…就)(2)before引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：①.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,thetailorhadmeasuredme.(还没来得及就)②Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.(还没…就)③.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.(…才…)④.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁还…没就)④…hadjustIthoughthernice(3)till(until)和not…till(until)till(until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到…为止“如：Heremainedtheretill/untilshearrived.not…till(until)…:主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到…才”如：Shewon’tgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.not…until还有强调式和倒装式：强调句：isnotuntilhereturnshomethatshewillgotobed.Ithereturnshomewillshegotobed.(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：Itwas+时间点+when…（当的时候时间是）arrivedatthevillage.Itwas/willbe+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)weeksbeforewemet/meetagain.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）sincewelastmet.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我戒烟有三年了)2．条件状语从句常见的从属连词有：if,unless,as/solongas,as/sofaras,onconditionthat,incase(万一),themore…,themore…等。如：As/SofarasIcansee(amconcerned),itwillbeimpossibleforthemtofinishthetask.Themorebooksyouread,thehappieryouwillfeel．(前面为从句)3．原因状语从句常见的从属连词有：because,since,nowthat,as等。Itis/hasbeen3yearsItwas/willbetwoItwas5amwhenwe倒装句：Notuntil注意because,since,as的区别：１）why的语气最强，它引导的从句比主句更重要，从句的位置可前可后；例外回答why的问句必须使用because。如：-Whywereyouabsentfromthemeetingyesterday?-BecauseIwasill.2)since和nowthat意为“既然”，语气仅次于because,从句的位置一般在前面。Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting．3)as的语气比since更弱，意思是“由于”，从句的位置可前可后。如：Asyoudidn’tturnupatyesterday’sget-together,wemissedyouverymuch．４）*for也有“因为”之意，for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据，但前面常带逗号。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet．4．让步状语从句常见的从属连词有：though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-，wh-ever,whether…or…等。如：Howeverlate/Nomatterhowlateheis,hisfamilywillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.Childasheis,heknowsalot.(as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装)Whetheritisfineornot,Iwillgoboating．5．地点状语从句itis．6．比较状语从句常见的从属连词有：*as…as,*notso(as)…as,*than等。常见的从属连词有：*where,wherever等。如：Putthebookwhere注意：(1)在表达倍数时，可用三种句型：1)A…＋倍数＋比较级＋thanB2)A…＋倍数＋as原级as＋B如：Thisbuildingistwicetallerthanthatone．如：Thisbuildingisthreetimesastallasthatone．如：Thisbuildingis3)A…＋倍数＋thesize(height,weight,lengthetc．)＋ofBthreetimesthesizeofthatone．(2)三种句型变式：①倍数＋more＋名词＋than②倍数＋asmany/much＋名词＋asAmericanseatmorethantwiceasmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.Itisreportedthat\ntheUnitedStatesusestwiceasmuchenergyasthewholeofEurope.7．方式状语从句常见的从属连词有：as,asif/though等．注意：asif/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况．Hetalksaboutthemoonasifhehadbeenthere．(从句动作先发生)Shetreatedtheboyasifhewere/washerownchild．(主从句动作同时发生)8．目的状语从句常见的从属连词有：sothat,that,inorderthat，incase(以免),for4fearthat，lest（以免）等。如：Moststudentsgotocollege(so)thattheycanbeengineers,teachersorchemists．注意：从句中的情态动词can,could,may,might等提示为目的状语从句．9．结果状语从句常见的从属连词有：so…that,such…that,sothat等。如：Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark..Tomstudiedveryhardsothathepassedtheexam.五、用法灵活的as,when,while引导的状语从句1.as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句。2.when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句。Howcanweexplainittoyouwhen(=if)youwon'tlisten.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes3.while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。While(=Though)Ilikethecolorofthehat,Idon’tlikeitsshape.While(=Aslongas)thereislifethereishope.--I’mgoingtothepostoffice.–While(=Since)youarethere,canyougetmesomestamps?六、状语从句的省略——当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。如：Don’tspeakuntilspokento.(省略了youare)Ihavenomoney.Ifany,Iwilllendyousome.(省略了thereis)Thoughcold,hestillworeashirt.(省略了itwas)Someflowersshutupatnightasiftosleep.(省略了theywere)七、状语从句与定语从句的转换1)Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions．(地点状语从句)→Makemarksattheplaceswhereyouhavequestions．(定语从句)2)Itissuchanadvancedtheorythatfewpeopleunderstandit.(结果状语从句)→Itissuchanadvancedtheoryasfewpeopleunderstand．(定语从句)巩固练习1__________,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.(2007重庆)A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.B.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound2.____tomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.(2007上海春)A.HowevertheweatherislikeB.HoweveristheweatherlikeC.WhateveristheweatherlikeD.Whatevertheweatherislike3.____________,hetalksalotabouthisfavouritesingersafterclass.(2005重庆)A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent4.________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalot\nofexperience.(2006全国1)A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although5._________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.(2004上海春)A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing6---IhearJohnsonwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.---____,let’sgoandseehim.6A.What’smoreC.Where7possibleB.IfsoD.WhennecessaryAbeamoflightwillnotbendroundunless____todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A.havingbeenmadeC.made8B.beingmadeD.youmakeCarefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentpatientsdonottakedrugs____directed.A.likeB.soC.whichD.as答案：DDBDCBCD