高中英语选修八：高三第一轮复习资料 69页

高中英语选修八：高三第一轮复习资料Unit1Alandofdiversity单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词语辨1・means/way/method2.percent/percentage析3.obvious/apparent/evident/clear4.hire/employ/rent1.electvt.选举，推举；选择electionn.选举，推举,当electiveadj.可任意选择vi.进行选举，作出选择选的n.选修科目2.immigratevi.移入immigrationn.移民入境immigrantn.移民，侨民词形3.racen.赛跑；竞争；人种racialadj.人种的，种族racismn.种族歧视，种族变化V.参赛的偏见；种族主义4.apparentadj.显然的，明白apparentlyadv.显然,表的，表面上的面上地词5.punishmentn.罚，刑罚punishvt.惩罚,处罚汇1.majorityn,大多数；大半部2.applicantn.申请人分重卢3.occurvi.发生；】'1|现；存在H词4.indicatevt.指出；标示；表明5.slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失；失误6.insertvt.插入，嵌入1.liveon继续生活或存在2.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作諄3.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉重点词4.teamupwith（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作组5.markout划线标出.........界线6.takein包括;吸收;接纳;欺骗7.agreat/goodmany相当多,很多1•CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.重点句子2.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.重点语法名词性从句（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）I•词语辨析（旨在提供完形填空所需材料）1.means/way/method【解释】means“方法、方式、工具"，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）way“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method-有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配：做........的方法：awaytodosth./awayofdoingsth./amethodofdoingsth.；用这种/些方法：inthisway/withthemethod/bythismeans；用..........方法，借助.........：by\nmeansof...无论如何：byallmeans；一点也不，决不（用于句首句子需倒装）：bynomeans；bytheway顺便问一下；onone，swayto...在去..............的路上；intheway挡住路【练习】用means,way,method填空。1).Thesevegetablescanbecookedindifferent______・2).Onlyinthis______canyoufindoutthetruth.3).Bythis______Igetintouchwithhim.4).Weexpressourthoughtsby______ofwords.5).____________________shallIlendhimmoney!6).Themethodsof_______(teach)need_______(improve).Keys:1)・ways2).way3).means4).means5).Bynomeans6).teaching;improving/tobeimproved2.percent/percentage【解释】percent表示“百分之……”，相当于“％",其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage表示"百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high,low等修饰。【练习】用percent,percentage填空。1).Iamahundred_______inagreementwithyou.2).Thiscompanyonlysupply30________ofwhatweneed.3).Thenumbersaresmall,in________terms,butsignificant.4).Thereusedtobeahigh________ofbabiesthatdietscarletfevereveryyear.Keys:1).percent2)・percent3).percentage4).percentagewhatpercentage3.obvious/apparent/evident/clear【解释】obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显clem•意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素覽【练习】用obvious,apparenttevident,clear填空。1).Itwasan_______mistakeforhimtohavegonealone・2).Thesituationis_______toeveryone・3).Itwasbecomingincreasingly________thathedislikedme.4).Theapplausemadeit________thattheplaywasahit.Keys:1).obvious2).clear3).apparent4).evident4.hire/employ/rent【解释】hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hireaboat,acar,acamera,abicycle,aneveningdress,ahallforameeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇"两种含义°employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请"之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于beemployedinsth./doingsth.短语中。注：要弄清employ几个名词的用法:employee(雇工，雇员)，employer(户主，东家)，employment(就业，雇用)。rent-般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以\n收取费用''之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rentahouse,aflat,aTV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费【练习】用hire,employ,rent填空。1)_________________________.Ourhousehasbeenbyanewly・marriedcouple.2).It'simportantto________properwordsinwritingpoem.3).They_________________inwritingwhenIcame.4).They_______outboatsbythehou匚5).We_______adrivertotakeusonatourofthecity.Keys:1).rented2).employ3).wereemployed4).hire5).hiredII•词性变化(旨在提供语法填空所紺材料)1.electvt.选举，推举;选择electionn.选举,推举,当选electiveadj.可任意选择的n.选vi.进行选举，作出选择修科目2.immigratevi.移入immigrationn.移民入境immigrantn.移民，侨民3.racen.赛跑；竞争；人种racialadj.人种的，种族的racismn.种族歧视，种族偏见；V.参赛种族主义4.apparentadj.显然的，明白apparentlyadv.显然,表面上地的，表面上的5.punishmentn.罚，刑罚punishvt.惩罚，处罚【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).InAmerica,presidential(elect)areheldeveryfourvears.2).Theydeserveto(punish)forputtingpassengersatrisk.3).Shehadtotidvtheclassroomas(punish)forbeinglate.4).ShewasthedaughterofChinese(immigrate)toAmerica.5).Therewasasuddenincrease(immigrate)infromEasternEurope.6).Heisavictimof(race)discrimination・7).Shetumedtofacehim.heranger(apparent)gone・8).Theirmotives,aswillsoonbecome(apparently),arecompletelyselfish.Keys:1).elections2).bepunished3).punishment4).immigrants5).immigration6).racial7).apparently8).apparentIII•重点词汇(旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料)1.majorityn.大多数；大半majora".&〃•较大的，主要的；主修，专攻(反义词minority少数；少数民族)［典例］1).A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。2).Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.多数人赞成这个建议。［重点用法］beinthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数amajorityoversb超过对方的票数［练习］按要求填空或翻译。1).Englishspeakersformthe_______(人多数)ofthepopulation.2).Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhofavourtheproposedchangesare_________(介词)themajority.3).Theyhadalargemajority______(介词)theotherpartyatthelastelection.4).Themajorityofpeople________(prefer)peacetowa匚\n5)________________________________.Themajorityofthedamage(be)easytorepair*.Keys:1).majority2).in3).over4).prefer/prefers5).is2.applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请(书)；应用;用途applyv.申请；运用,适用［典例］1).Wehad250applicantsforthejob.有250人申请这份工作。2).Asthewageswerelow,therewerefewapplicantsforthejob.因为丁•资低，没有什麽人申请这份工作。［重点用法］applyfor...申请............applyto...适用............fillintheapplicationformforsth.填写..........申请表［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Successful________(apply)willreceivenotificationwithintheweek.2).Thisrulecan'tbeapplied________(介词)everycase.3).Youshould_______________(申请)thejobimmediately,inpersonorbyleMei*.4).Thequestioninthesecondhalfoftheform_________________(适用)marriedmenonly.Keys:1).applicants2).to3).applyfor4).applyto3.occurvi.发生；出现；存在［典例］1）.Thetragedyoccurredonlyminutesaftertake-off.这一悲剧在起飞后儿分钟内就发生了。2）.Dicin'titoccurtoyouthathemightbelate?你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗？［重点用法］occurto...（主意）浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到..........［练习］根据句子的意思填空或翻译。1).Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongnevereven________________he匸2).Agoodidea______________him.3).__________________________________(他从没想至U)hemightbefallinginlovewithher.Keys:1).occurredto2).occurredto3).Ithadneveroccurredtohimthat4.indicatevt.指出；标示;表明indicationn.指岀；表明indicativeadj.］^示的;暗示的［典例］1).Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.我问他握姐姐在哪，他indicatethat/wh-表示..........；示指指対面的商店。思...........2....).Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.研究表明男人感［练习］根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thegovernmenthas_______(表明)thatitintendstocuttaxes・2).Aflashingredlight_______(标示)thatastretchofroadwasundergoingrepairs.3).Thereisevery_______(indicate)ofachangeintheweather.\n5.slipvi.滑动;滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失;失误slipperyadj.滑溜的［典例］1).MyfootslippedandInearlyfell.我的脚一滑，差点跌到。2).Sheslippedintotheroomwhennoonewaslooking.她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。［重点用法］letslip...错过..........；无意中说出letsth.slipthroughyourfingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)aslipofthetongueLI误［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).She________________(无意中说出)thatshewasintendingtoleavethecompany.2).Astheyears________by,Ithoughtmoreandmoreabouthim.3).Driveverycarefully;theroadsarewetand_______(slip).Keys:1).letslip2).slipped3).slippery6.insert讥.插入，嵌入［典例］Heinsertedakeyintoalock.他把钥匙插进锁中。［重点用法］insertsth(in/into/betweensth)插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).Sheinsertedanadditionalparagraph_______anessay.2).Insertyourfingers_______thelayersandpressthemapart.Keys:1).in2).betweenIV•重点词组(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)l.liveon继续生活或存在［典例］Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死後她继续活了多年。［短语归纳］live短语：liveonsth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活livebydoingsth靠做某事物为生liveforsth以某事物为生活目标livethroughsth经历某事物而幸存livetogether在一起生活；同居liveuptosth依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标進livewithsth接受或容忍某现象livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……岁livea...life过着.........的生活［练习］根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。1).Thelonelyoldman______________charity.2).Mozartisdeadbuthismusic_____________.3).Mygrandfather______________bothworldwars.4).Weshouldworkhardandtryto_____________________ourparents,expectations.5).Thebravegirlislearningto______________herdisability.Keys:1).liveon2).liveson3).livedthrough4).liveupto5).livewith2.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等\n［典例］TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadealifeforthemselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。［短语归纳］life短语：bringsb/sth（back）tolife给某人/事物的活力；使复活laydownone'slife（forsb/sth）为……献身；牺牲生命leadadog'slife过狗一•般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）makeone5swayinlife在生活中有所成就takeone's（own）life:commitsuicide自杀putanendtoone'slife:killoneself自杀takesb，slife:killsb取某人性命a/sb，swayoflife（某人的或某些人的）生活方式awalkoflife彳亍业；职业；阶层tothelife逼真endone1sdays/life（insth）（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生［练习］根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1）_______________________.Helaiddownhislifethecauseoffreedom.2）____________________________________________________.Theyinterviewpeoplefrom（各行各业的人）.3）________________________________________________.SheadaptedeasilytotheFrench（生活方式）.Keys:1）.for2）.allwalksoflife3）.wayoflife3.keep叩坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉［典例］1）.You'realldoingasplendidjob;keepupthegoodwork!你们干得都很出色，要坚持下去!2）.Idohopewe'renotkeepingyouup.我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。［短语归纳］keep短语：keepupwithsb/sth.跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）keep（on）doingsth.继续做某事物；重复做某事物keepawayfrom（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物keepsbbackfromsb/sth（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离keepsth.back阻止某事物keeponeself/sbfromsth/doingsth使自己/某人不能做某事物keepsthfromsb不将某事告诉某人keepoff（sb/sth）不接近或不接触某人/事物keepsb/sthout（ofsth）不让某人/物进入（某处）keepintouchwith保持与某人的联系keepfit保持健康［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1）_____________________________________________.Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingprices（畐ij词）.2）_______________________.Shelikestokeepup（介词）（helatestfashions.3）________________________________________________________.Thehouseisbecomingtooexpensiveforthemto_________________________________________（维修）.\n4）______________________________.Weshouldtryto（沿袭）ouroldcustoms.5）_______________________________________.Policewarnedbystandersto（不靠近）theblazingbuilding.6）___________________________________________________.Ithinkweoughtto（不把实情告诉他）untilhe's\nbetter.Keys:1).up2).with3).keepup4).keepup5).keepawayfrom6).keepthetruthfromhim4.team叩with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作［典例］Thetwocompanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。He______________________(与某人一起工作)hisbrotherinthedoubles.Keys:teamedupwith5.markout划线标出......界线［典例］Pleasemarkoutthesentencesthatyoudon11understandwitharedpen.请用红笔标岀你不懂的句子。［重点用法］bemarkedwith...标i己着......［练习］根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).Tvelostacase______________(标记着)"IX”onitsback.2).Shecarefully_____________(划线标出)theimportantphrasesandsentencepatterns.Keys:1).markedwith2).markedout6.takein包括；吸收；接纳;欺骗［典例］1).Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.学生发现你的课很好懂。2).Hehadnowheretosleepsoweofferedtotakehimin.他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。［短语归纳］take短语：takeapart拆开；剖析，抨击（论点等）记下takedown拿下,取下;拆卸;takeback取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔Htakeup开始从事；占用（时间或空间）；着手处理takeiteasy别紧takecareof照料，保管张，慢慢来takemedicine服药takeover继承,接收，接管takeoff脱下(衣服等)；起飞takeon承担，从事；呈现takeone'splace入座；代替某人的位置takeone'stime不急，慢慢干［练习］用与take相关的短语填空。1).Don'tbe______________byhispromises.2).Whodoyouthinkwill________________nowthatthegovernorhasbeendismissed?3).Theseboxesofyoursare________________toomuchspace.4).1wasreally______________whenseeingoldphotos.5).Dearladiesandgentlemen,pleasenow______________________.Theoperaissoontobegin.6).Tomcarefully________________whattheteachersaid\nKeys:1).takenin2).takeover3).takingup4).takenback5).takeyourplace6).tookdown7.agreat/goodmany相当多，很多［典例］Itallhappenedagoodmanyyearsago.这发生在很多年前。［重点用法］manya修饰可数名词单数修饰可数名词复数agood/greatdealofaagreat/goodmanyalargelarge/greatamountoflarge修饰不可数名词numberofscoresofdozensamountsofmuch/little/aofmany/fewlittlealotof=lotsofplentyof可数名词复数/不可数名词alarge/greatquantityof=quantitiesofasupplyof=suppliesof［练习］根据句子的要求翻译。1)______________________________________.Fveknownherfor(很多)years.2).IimagineifonedayIhad_________________________________(很多)money,Iwouldgotravelingroundtheworld.Keys:1).agreat/goodmany2).agood/greatdealof或alarge/greatamountofV・重点句子(旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。［解释］形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及byfar,much,almost,nearly,notquite等词修饰。［练习］翻译句子。1)•黄河是中国第二长河。2).亚洲是世界上最大的洲。Keys:1).TheYellowRiveristhesecondIongestriverinChina.2).Asiaisbyfarthelargestcontinentintheworld.2.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.没有人知道确切在什么时候笫一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。［解释］whatwenowknowasCalifornia是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrivein的宾语,what是复合关系代词，相当于thething⑸that,因此，在名词性从句中可以用thething(s)that取代的，应该用whato注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。\n注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对彖或范围时，用which,否则用whatoWhathesaidsoundsreasonable,（what作said的宾语）Thatourteamhaswonthegamehasbeenproved.（That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用）Therearemanybooksavailable.Idon^tknowwhichtoread,（which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本）Whatbookdoyouwanttobuy?（前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书）［练习］根据句子的意思填词。1）_____________.Thisishewanted.2）_____________________.Thisisthethinghewanted・3）_____________________.Sheisnolongersheusedtobe.4）______________________________.Sheisnolongerthepersonsheusedtobe.Keys:1）.what2）.that3）.what4）.that课文要点（模块）I•课文词汇等填空（旨在复习木课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Californiaisthe_____1____（three）largeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.Ithas_____2_____（attraction）peoplefromallovertheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstpeoplearrivedin_______3_wenowknowasCalifornia.NowtherearemoreNativeAmericans______4______inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.California_______5_______（统治）bySpainandthereisstillastrongSpanish______6____（影响）inthestate・Peoplebegan_____7_____（settle）inCaliforniawhengold_______8______（发现）there.ButpeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivingthere・Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixof______9_____（国籍）willbesogreatthattherewillbenomajorracialofculturalgroups,butsimplya」0___________（mix）ofmanyculture答案：1.third2.attracted3.what4.living5.wasruled6.influence7.settling8.wasdiscovered9.nationalities10.mixtureII・课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30來个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。Thewholepassageintroduced答案：ThewholepassageintroducedthenativeAmericans,theSpanish,Russians,goldminers,laterarrivalsandfutureimmigrantsandexplainwhyCaliforniaisamulti-ethnic,andmulti-culturalplace.in.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1・【原句］ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清楚。［模仿要点］句子结构：状语从句+what从句，+主句\n【模仿1】当我们把它和我们称Z为“大哥大”相比，我们发现新的移动电话携带轻便，小巧，价格便宜。答案：WhenwecomparedittowhatwecalleduDaGeDa：wefoundnewmobilephonesarelightandsmalltocarrywithalowprice.【模仿2】当我们到达人们称Z为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。答案：WhenwearrivedatwhatpeoplecallBirdParadise,wewereexcitedtofindthousandsofkindsofbirdsaresettlingthere.2.【原句】AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniain1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热吋期就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而來的。［模仿要点］句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句【模仿1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动了整个中国。答案：Althoughhisyoungsisterhasnobloodrelationshipwithhim,itisHongZhanHuihimselfthatinsistsoncarryingheronhisbacktocollege,whichmovesthewholeChina.【模仿2】虽然我的H常生活I•分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。答案：Althoughmydailylifeisextremelymonotonous,itismyhardworkthatmakesmeadciptmyselftothenewlifeoncampus.3・【原句】Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures-人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在i种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。［模仿要点］句子结构:Itis+V-ed+that从句；so...that...【模仿1】据报道2008奥运福娃的英文名已经从Friendlies改为Fuwa,它易发音，易记忆,很受人们的欢迎。答案：ItisreportedthattheEnglishnameofthefivemascotsofthe2008Olympicshaschangedfrom"Friendlies”to“Fuwa：whichissoeasytopronounceandrememberthatitispopularwithallthepeople・【模仿2］人们普遍认为书的影响是如此Z大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。答案：Itiscommonlybelievedthattheinfluenceofbooksissoimportantthatourparentsalwaysencourageustoformgoodhabitsofreadingandtoreadmorebooks,butwemustpaygreatattentiontothechoiceofbooks・单元自测（模块）1完形填空\n阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-10各题所给的A、B、C和D项屮，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：186完成时间：14分钟难度：***Themobilephonehascreatedanewwayoflife.Itgivesustheopportunityto_[peoplewhenandwherewelike.Butwhenmobilephonesbecomeascommonplaceaswristwatches,itseemstheyarecreating2situations・Peoplelettheirphonesringinrestaurants,theatresorbusinessmeetings.People3discussverypersonalissuesovertheirphoneswhilestrangersarearoundthem.Peoplespendalltheirtimeinthe4offriendspayingmoreattentiontothoseattheotherendoftheirmobilephones.Bynow,everyoneknowsthatmobilephoneetiquetteisa_5_problem.Thesearetipsforbeingagood6citizen.Firstly,rememberto7yourphoneisoffatactivities・Secondly,8thepeoplearoundyouwhenyoumakeortakecallsinpublic.Thirdly,don'tansweryourcellphonewhiletalkingwithanotherpersonunlessthatphoneismore9_thanthepersonyouarewith.Followtheserulesandyoifllbea10mobilephonesuserbybeingconsideratetoothers.1・A.approachB・reachC.arriveD・extend2.A.embarrassingB.strangeC.extraordinaryD.complex3.A.furtherB.loudlyC・openlyD.briefly4.A.presenceB.existenceC.absenceD.appearance5.A.basicB.technicalC.realD・behaviond6.A.mobileB.telephoneC.mediumD・average7.A.checkB・controlC.stopD.test8.A.appreciateB.respectC.observeD.watch9.A.valuableB.excellentC.importantD.worth10.A.largeB.responsibleC.regularD.current答案：1.B.手机让我们在任何时候，任何地点，只要愿意郎能找到你要找的人。2.A.然而手机也会让人处境尴尬。3.B.很大声地用手机谈论个人问题。4.A.当着朋友们的面。5.C.手机礼节真是一个问题了。6.A.作为一个讲礼貌的手机使用者。7.A.检查你的手机是否已经关机。8.B.公共场所打电话、接电话时尊重你周围的人。9.C.除非你要接的电话比你身旁的人更10.B.是一个负责的手机使用者。2语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。词数：168完成时间：8分钟难度：桂*TheWhitesliveinabigcity.Theyhaveason](name)Tom.Hishobbyisreading.Whenhecomeshomefromschool,healwaysgoestohisroomandjustreadsbooks.He_2playsoutdoors・Oneday,Mrs・Whitesaidtoherhusband/'3isnotgoodforTom'shealthtoliveinthecityallthetime."Theyfoundasmallhouseinthecountry.Theytookhimthere4avacation・Theyleft\nhomeat85gotthereat11inthemorning・6theyreachedthehouse,hismothersaid/*7cleantheairislHshesaidtoTom,HWearegoingtostayhereforaweek.”Tomranintothehouse・Afewminutes8,heranbacktohismotherandsaid,MIcantfind9_desk.”Hismotheranswered,MWecamehere10（spend）ourvacationinthecountry・Youmustplayoutdoorsandnotreadbookshere・Enjoyyourvacation!"Tomcried,"Oh,howterrible!n答案：1.named过去分词短语作定语，asonnamedTom意为“一位名叫汤姆的儿子2.never/hardly完全否定，意为''从來不”。3.It考查Itis十adj.十todosth.的句型结构，1（作形式主语。4.for此处表目的,foravacation表度假。5.and表并列关系，连接lefthome和gotthere两个动词短语。6.When考查由When引导的时间状语从句：7.HowHow引导的感叹句。8.laterafewminuteslater意为"一会儿后S9.a不定冠词，泛指一张桌子。0.tospend动词不定式短语作目的状语。3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：254完成时间：6分钟难度：**ScienceDaily（Ap匚27,2008）--DutchecologistRoxinaSolerandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatsubterranean（地下的）andabovegroundherbivorous（食草的）insectscancommunicatewitheachotherbyusingplantsastelephones-Subterraneaninsectsissuechemicalwarningsignalsthroughtheleavesoftheplant.Thisway,abovegroundinsectsarewarnedthattheplantisalready"occupied"・Aboveground,leaf-eatinginsectspreferplantsthathavenotyetbeenoccupiedbysubterraneanroot-eatinginsects.Subterraneaninsectssendoutchemicalsignalsthroughtheleavesoftheplant,whichwarntheabovegroundinsectsabouttheirpresence.Thismessagingmakesitpossibleforspatially-separatedinsectstoavoideachother,sothattheydonotcompetefor,thesameplant.Inrecentyearsithasbeendiscoveredthatdifferenttypesofabovegroundinsectsdevelopslowlyiftheyfeedonplantsthatalsohavesubterraneaninsectsand'viceversa（反之亦然）・Itseemsthatamechanism（机制）hasdevelopedthroughnaturalselection,whichhelpsthesubterraneanandabovegroundinsectstocommunicatewitheachother.Thisavoidsunnecessarycompetition.Throughthe"greentelephonelines役subterraneaninsectscanalsocommunicatewithathirdparty,namelythenaturalenemyofcaterpillars（毛虫）.Parasiticwasps（寄生蜂）laytheireggsinsideabovegroundinsects.Thewaspsalsobenefitfromthesignalssentbytheleaves,asthesehelpthemfindmoreinsectsfortheireggs・Thecommunicationbetweensubterraneanandabove-groundinsectshasonlybeenstudiedinafewsystems・Ilisstillnotclearhowwidespreadthisphenomenonis,saytheresearchers.1・Howdosubterraneanandabovegroundinsectscommunicatewitheachother?A.Bysendingsignalsthroughtheleaves・B.Bygivingoffparticularsmells.C.Bymakingsoftandbeautifulsounds.D.Bythesignalssentbyparasiticwasps.\n2.Afterfindingaplantoccupiedbyroot-eatinginsects,abovegroundinsectswillusuallyA.sendoutwarningsignalsB.competeforthesameplantC.choosetoleavetheplantD.fightwiththeroot-eatinginsects3.Abovegroundinsectswilldevelopmorequicklyiftheirfoodplants________.A.areoftenvisitedbyparasiticwaspsB・arenotoccupiedbymot-eatinginsectsC.havemoregreenleavesD.havemoresubterraneaninsects4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartnathirdparty1inParagraph4include?A.Abovegroundinsects.B・Root-eatinginsects.C.Caterpillars.D.Parasiticwasps.5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CommunicationbetweendifferentinsectsB.Howdoanimalsavoidcompetition?C・InsectsuseplantsastelephonesD.Whenplantshavesubterraneanresidents答案：荷兰科学家研究发现：地下昆虫可以通过植物的叶子释放化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告，从而避免对同一植物的竞争。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Subterraneaninsectsissuechemicalwarningsignalsthroughtheleavesoftheplant可知，地下昆虫能通过植物的叶子发出一种化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告。故选A。2.C细节推理题。第二段第一句Aboveground,leaf-eatinginsects...root-eatinginsects提到，地上的昆虫更喜欢没有被地下昆虫占领的植物。联系本段最后一句Thismessagingmakes...forthesameplant可知，当地上昆虫发现植物已经被地下昆虫占领时，它们通常会选择离开。3.B细节推断题。根据第三段第一句Inrecentyearsit...andviceversa可推知，如果植物没有被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫就会繁殖得快些。本句的意思是：近些年来的研究发现：如果地上昆虫赖以生存的植物被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫的繁殖速度就会减慢，反之亦然。4.D词义推断题。第卩q段第一句的namelythenaturalenemyofcaterpillars意为：也就是毛虫的天敌。athirdparty这里包含寄生蜂。5.C标题归纳题。C项标题形象地表现出了昆虫间交流的独特方式，其根据在第一段第一句...insectscancommunicatewitheachotherbyusingplantsastelephoneso4写作训练请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻\n人对老年人也都是这样。这在屮国被认为是很不礼貌的。另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。（写作要求）1•标题；SocialCustomsbetweenAmericansandChinese2.必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。3.将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。答案：SocialCustomsbetweenAmericansandChineseSocialcustomsdifferindifferentpartsoftheworld.Forexample,theAmericanscalleachotherbytheirnameswhentwopeoplefirstmet,andsodoestheyoungtotheold.Inchina,itwillberegardedasquiteimpolitetodoso.Anotherdifferenceisaboutwhatcanbetalkedaboutinconversation.AChinesethinksnothingofbeingaskedhowmuchhiscoatcostswhileAmericansthinkitimpolitetoasksuchaquestion.Unit2Cloning单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词语辨1・aloud/loud/loudly2・obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve析1.objectvi.不赞成；反对objectionn.不赞成；反对词2.popularadj.流行的，通俗popularityn.普及;流popularizevt.使普及，使汇的，广受欢迎的行；名望流行部词形变3.resistv.抵（反）抗，抵制resistancen.抵抗力，反resistantn.扌氐抗者adj.分化抗反抗的，耐......的4.decoratevt.装饰，装璜decorationn.装饰（品）装璜5.reasonn.原因；理性reasonableadj・通情达unreasonableadj.不合理V.分析，推论（理）；劝告理的；合理的的；荒唐的\n1.differvi.不同;相异2.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；承担；同意，答应3.forbidvt.(forbadeorforbad;forbidden)禁止；不准；阻止妨碍重点单4.accumulatevt.&vi.积累;聚积词5.owevt.欠；应该把..........归功于；感激，感恩6.retirevi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝7.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰&obtainvt.(正式；尤指通过努力或计划)获得；得到1.payoff得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇重卢词2.infavorof赞成；支持；对..........有利组3.beboundtodo一定；注定(做)4.beingood/poor/excellentcondition处於好的、坏的、极佳的状况重点句型1・Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.重点语法同位语从句(见语法部分)语言要点(模块〉I•词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)I•aloud/loud/loudly【解释】aloudadv.重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大)，通常与read等词连用：readaloud朗读，读出声shout/call/laughaloud大声叫喊/笑loud作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等广大声地J常用比较级形式；loudly"大声地，吵闹地”，强调声咅喧闹、不悦耳，与quietly相对【练习】用aloud,loud,loudly的适当形式填空。1).Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepoem______.2).Theradioisn,t______enough.Couldyouturnitupalittle?3).Icouldhearpeopleovertheretalking______witheachotheraboutthenews.4).Couldyouspeak______?Keys:1).aloud2).loud3).loudly4).louder2.obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve【解释】obtain意为“获得，买到豐指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到日的的意味,用于正式语体中。acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得二强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。earn意为“挣得，贏得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。【练习】用obtain,acquire,gain,earn,achieve的适当形式填空。1).Howmuchdoyou______aweek?2).Themoviestar______successandwealth.3).He______experiencethroughpractice.4).Itisthroughtearningthattheindividul_____manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.5).Aninvestor______bybuyingstocksthatgoupinvalue・Keys:1).earn2)