高考英语复习资料：高中英语非谓语动词重难点讲练(附答案) 14页

高考英语复习资料：高中英语非谓语动词重难点讲练（附答案）非谓语动词是高中三年乃至以后的英语学习中都非常重要的内容，在高中阶段性考试和重要考试中占较大分值的比重。小编在这里为同学们总结了这些非常非常重要的知识点，希望能够帮到同学们，加油哦！非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing,done,todo,doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词doing:有beingdone（被动式）;havingdone（完成式）;havingbeendone（完成被动式）不定式todo:有tobedone（被动式）;tohavedone（完成式）;tobedoing（进行式）动名词doing:有havingdone（完成式）;beingdone（被动式）;havingbeendone（完成被动式）非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语或状语。\n下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．Tolearnaforeignlanguage isdifficult.作主语2．Hiswishis tobeadriver .作表语3．Tomwanted tohaveacupofbeer .作宾语 4．Theteachertoldus todomorningexercises.作宾语补足语5．Ihavenothing tosay .作定语 6．Theywent toseetheiraunt .目的状语7．It’seasy toseetheiraunt.作真正主语，it做形式主语8．Idon’tknow whattodonext .带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语9．Iheardthem makeanoise .不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to都是介词。agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto 2．带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogivein\nIcannotdoanythingbutgivein Isawhimentertheclassroom.但是：Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.（被动语态中必须还原to）3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard。表物的特征 It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.表人的特点4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确常常省略到to。wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：\nHehasalotofmeetingtoattend. Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith. Heislookingforaroomtolive Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in). Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot. Thereisnotimetothink(about). 2）主谓关系：Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting. ---I’mgoingtothepostoffice,for I havealettertopost.(逻辑主语是I)---Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1）原因Heislucky togethereontime . 这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,diappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecame tohelpmewithmymaths . \n3)结果Ihurriedtogetthere onlytofindhimout . Heisoldenough togotoschool . 8.不定式作补足语Isawhim play inthestreetjustnow. 能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有：五看：see,lookat，watch,observe,notice两听：hear,listento三使：let,havemake,一感觉：feelIsawhim entertheclassroom .注:当这些词为被动式时，不定式必须要带to,Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.二．动名词LearningEnglish isverydifficult.作主语学英语非常困难。Hisjobis drivingabus .作表语他的工作是开车。Ienjoy dancing .作动词宾语我喜欢跳舞。Ihavegotusedto livinginthecountry .作介词宾语 \n我已经习惯了住农村。注意以下几种结构：1.There'snotellingwhatwillhappen.2.It'snousetalkingwithhim. 3.It'snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat. 4.There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime 注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forgettodo…忘记要做某事forgetdoing…忘记做了某事remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事regrettodo…对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…对做过去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing…\n情不自禁做某事trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing试着做某事learntodo…学着去做某事learndoing…学会做某事stoptodo…停下来去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接着做（另外一件事）goondoing…继续做某事usedtodo…过去做某事beusedtodoing…习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达：n+fordoing的含义现在分词作定语表达：n+which(who)bedoing的含义如：asleepingcar=acarforsleeping arunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如： drinking water, walking stick running water,sleeping boy 3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：Hiscoming madeusveryhappy. \n4．动名词的语态和时态5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoingThisroom needspainting .这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,taketo,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can'thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,giveup,include, 三．分词1Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit. 这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.Thisisamovingfilm. 这是一部动人的电影。3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident. 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitwell. \n如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank. 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：1．现在分词与过去分词的区别DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom? =DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom? Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.2．分词作表语Thenewssoundsencouraging. Theygotveryexcited. 1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：Thenewsisinteresting. Heisinterestedinthenews.doing作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系，即主动关系；done作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系，即被动关系。\n2）表语与被动式的区别：TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.（强调动作）Theblackboardisbroken.You'dbetterhaveitrepaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done 4）．注意的四种结构：havesomethingtodo有某事要做havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事havesomethingdoing让某事一直做着5）．需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat,prepare,hide,dress 如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.6）．分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。\nHavingfinishedthehomework ,Iwenthome.（时间）BeingaPartymember ,Ishouldworkhard.（原因）Givenmoretime ,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴随）Togetmoreknowledge ,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)Heisoldenough tojointhearmy .（结果）7）．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别arunninghorse现在分词=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf过去分词=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick动名词=astickforwalking somethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo 8）．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：Ihaveaproblem tobediscussed atthemeeting.(将来)Thebuilding beingbuilt ontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在进行）非谓语动词习题小练1.Passeagersarepermitted onlyonepieceofhandlugageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried\n2.Onhearingaphonecallcallfromhiswife_____shehada fall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay3.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated4.It’simportantforthefigures regularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated5.Ladexdoesn’tfeellike abroad.Herparentsareold.\nA.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy6.Simonmadeabigbamboobox thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep7. animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer8.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_____nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying\nkey:1~5ACBAB6~8DCD