初中英语代词语法课件 72页

Unit8Grammar——代词\n代词的分类人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词\n单数（指代人）复数（指代人）单复数（指物）Iyouhesheweyoutheyittheymeyouhimherusyouthemitthemmyyourhisherouryourtheiritstheirmineyourshishersoursyourstheirsitstheirs\n第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(它)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。\nIamaworker,Iworkinthefactory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。Youareagoodteacher.你是一位优秀教师。Heismyfriend.他是我的朋友。Sheisalittlegirl.她是一个小女孩。It'saheavybox,Ican'tcarryit.这是一个重盒子，我搬不动。Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。人称代词主格：人称代词主格作_____,用在_____________的前面。一般置于句____。主语动词或Be动词首\n注：人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。\nIt'sme.Openthedoorquickly.是我，快开门。Don'ttellhimaboutit.不要告诉他这件事情。Wealllikeherverymuch.我们都很喜欢她。Ourteacherisverystrictwithus.我们的老师对我们很严格。MygrandparentsliveintheUSA.IoftenchatwiththemontheNet.我的祖父母在美国居住。我经常跟他们网上聊天。人称代词宾格：人称代词宾格作_____,用在_____________的后面。宾语动词或介词\nShe的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。\nIt的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。\n2.it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.\n3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。\n1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that\n固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.Itishardformetodothiswork.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.某人花费…做某事…Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.…Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.\nIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going\n句子成分英语句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。主语是句子叙述的主体，跟汉语主语是一样的。谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任及物动词或介词。Ilovemycountrydeeply..\n谓语谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如：Ilikewalking.复合谓语也可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：Whatdoesthiswordmean?Iwon’tdoitagain.第二种是由连系动词/be+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：Youlooktired.Wearestudents.\n表语表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词，形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。Thesedesksareyellow.Iamallright.Wearehappynow.Sheisten.MyworkisteachingEnglish.Thedictionaryisinthebag.Myquestionishowyouknewhim.\n定语用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower.那是一朵漂亮的花。TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。Thisismybook,notyourbook.这是我的书，不是你的书。\n定语用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower.那是一朵漂亮的花。TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。Thisismybook,notyourbook.这是我的书，不是你的书。\n人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs物主代词\nIlovemycountry.我热爱我的国家。Isthisyourcar?这是你的汽车吗?Thisishisfather.这位是他的爸爸。Thesearetheirbooks.这些是他们的书。形容词性物主代词：形容词性物主代词作_____，用在_____的前面。定语名词\nThatcarismine,notyours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。Thesebooksareours.Yoursareoverthere.这些书是我们的。你们的（书）在那边。Idon’tlikemybook.Ilikehers.我不喜欢我的书。我喜欢她的。YesterdayImetafriendofmineinthestreet.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。名词性物主代词：名词性物主代词作_____，______或_____，后面______________.主语不跟名词表语宾语\nThatcarismine,notyours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。Thesebooksareours.Yoursareoverthere.这些书是我们的。你们的（书）在那边。Idon’tlikemybook.Ilikehers.我不喜欢我的书。我喜欢她的。YesterdayImetafriendofmineinthestreet.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。名词性物主代词：名词性物主代词作_____，______或_____，后面______________.主语不跟名词表语宾语\n“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。TomisafriendofmineTOM是我的一个朋友\n形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别：形容词性物主代词后面跟名词；名词性物主代词后面不跟名词。\n1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him\n4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s\n其他代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词\n人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词\n1.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself\n注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.\nThemanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your\n不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词\n几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture-books?\n注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？\n2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.\n3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?\n4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.\nothers泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.\n5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”\nAlthoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few\n6.every/eachevery＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.\neacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.A．everyB．eachC．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother\n7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.\nnonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②Whoisintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom\n8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright.\neither“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.\n有关词组及应用bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。\neitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复①___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth\nboth…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。\neitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语\nThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.eitherLucyandLily___agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.A.bothB.allC.no\n9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?Nobodycananswerthequestion.\n1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse\noneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./one同类不同件．it同类同件．\n指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物Thisismyshirt,that’syours.TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.\n2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.\n四.指示代词①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it②TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that\n疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\\nWhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用WhomWithwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)\n(2008年广东省汕头市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D\n(重庆市2008年)WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.weB.usC.ourD.oursB\n(重庆市2008年)—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.BothB.AllC.EitherD.NeitherC\n(2008年天津市)—Is_____here?—No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.everybodyD\nTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC\n()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC\n()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD\n()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD\n课堂达标\n11.Thisstickis____.A.himB.heC.his12.Heisalwaysreadytohelp____.A.anotherB.theotherC.others13.______isJack’saunt.A.HeB.SheC.It14.Shesentseveralcardsto____ofherfriends.A.someB.anyC.no15._____subjectsdoyouhavethisterm?A.WhichB.WhoseC.What16._____ofthemhasacomputer.A.EachB.EveryC.All17.Canyourbrotherlookafter_____?A.himselfB.himC.his\n8Whichof_____bikesisyours?A.thisB.thatC.these19._____aregoodfriends.A.You,heandIB.She,youandIC.I,youandhe20.Shehasn’tbrought_____pentoday.Willyoulendher_____?A.her,yourB.hers,yoursC.her,yours21.Very_____ofthemknewthehotel.A.fewB.littleC.afew22.Thejacketistooshort.Pleaseshowme____.A.otherB.anotherC.one23.Somecitypeoplegrowvegetables_____.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselves\n用恰当的词填空。Iamastudent._____nameisLily.Ioftenteach________English.2.Tomistooyoung.Pleaselookafter________.3.Heisfourteen._____nameisTom.Thisbookis____.Hecanlookafter_______.4.We’llgofishinglater.Wouldyouliketocomewith______?5.Lookingattheboys._____areplayinggames._______namesareMikeandBill.Theyenjoy____________.MymyselfhimHishishimselfusTheyTheirthemselves