- 449.50 KB
- 2022-07-29 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
中考英语语法\n第十八讲非谓语动词\n非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词特殊动词的搭配动词不定式与介词to词组总结现在分词与过去分词\n第一部分:什么是非谓语动词?\n非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。例:Helikestoreadthenovel.例:Heenjoyedtravelingaroundworld.例:JohnmadeTomgowithhim.解析:英语的单句中,可能有两个动词,动词2根据动词1的而变化。而我们看到的动词2,及(todo,doing,done等形式,就是非谓语动词)\n单句中的动词1与动词2,动词1是谓语,有各种时态、语态、语气的变化动词2根据动词1而变化例:HewantedtodothatIamenjoyingseeingthefilmLetusgo!\n非谓语动词的种类1.不定式todo有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词doing表示主动或进行的意义.4.过去分词done表示被动或完成的意义.\n第二部分:特殊的动词搭配\n第二部分:特殊的动词搭配\n六类常考特殊动词v..todoVving只加不带totodo,doing意思相同绝大部分动词是此形式详见第9篇Let/makesbdo…begin/start/liketodo,doing意思不同do或doing详见10---17篇see,watch,observe,notice等详见18篇\n只加ving的词Avoid避免;consider考虑;delay拖延;deny否认;dislike不喜欢;enjoy欣赏;excuse原谅;fancy幻想;forgive原谅;finish完成;imagine设想;keep保持;mind介意;pardon原谅;prevent阻止;practise练习;resist坚持;risk冒险;suggest建议;understand理解--\n动名词与不定式语义不同stoptodoforgettodoremembertodoregrettodoceasetodotrytodogoontodoBeafraidtodomeantodostopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingregretdoingceasedoingtrydoinggoondoingBeafraiddoingmeandoing\n1)stopdoing/todostoptodo停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择"stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stopdoingsth.不正确。\n2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案:C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。\n3)rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?\n4)regretdoing/todoregrettodo对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案:D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。\n5)ceasedoing/todoceasetodo长时间,甚至永远停做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个部门已不复存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。6)trydoing/todotrytodo努力,企图做某事。trydoing试验,试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。\n7)goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths,hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后,他接着去做物理。8)beafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕";beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的,意为“生怕,恐怕”。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。\n9)meantodoing/todomeantodo打算、想meandoing意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。\n感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)典型例题1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用seesbdosth的句型。2)Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay答案A.本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用seesb.doingsth句型。\n第三部分:动词不定式与to词组\n动词+todo动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan,learn,wouldlike,can’twait(迫不及待)can’tafford(负担不起)等Idon’tknowwhattodo.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?Ican’tdecidewhichtochoose.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ithinkitnecessarytodrinkthewater.用法:作宾语\n一些省略to的句型(1)Whynot+动词原形(2)Whydon’tyou+动词原形(3)You’dbetter+动词原形(4)You’dbetternot+动词原形(5)Willyouplease+动词原形(6)Willyoupleasenot+动词原形(7)sbdonothingbut(只是,只不过)例:Theydidnnothingbutcomplain\n常见固定搭配1.too…todoThedeskistooheavytocarry.2.be+adj+enoughtodoTheroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.3.It’stimetodosth或It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetohavearest.4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.5.be+adj(glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后)+todosth.(1)I’msorrytotroubleyou.\n介词+doinglookforwardtodoingsth.(盼望)payattentiontodoingsth.(注意)beusedtodoingsth.(习惯于)preferdoingsthtodoingsth.(更喜欢)devotetodoingsth(致力于)makeacontributiontodoing(做贡献)\n第四部分:现在分词与过去分词\n分词分为现在分词和过去分词。分词4区别:现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。Thehousebuiltlastyearhasbecomeourlab.去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。1\n现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示完成的动作。如:fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶(已落下)developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家\nⅠ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空________(fish)ismyfavouritesport.Ioften_____(fish)forhourswithout_________(catch)anything.Butthisdoesn'tworryme.Someofthefishermen_______(be)unlucky.Insteadof_________(catch)fish,theycatcholdshoes.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanythingnotevenoldshoes.After_________(spend)wholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag,“Youmustgiveup________(fish)!”Myfriendssay.“It'sawasteoftime.”Buttheydon'tknowoneimportantthing.I'mnotreallyinterestedin_________(fish).I'monlyinterestedin_______(sit)inaboatand_________(do)nothingatall.课时训练Fishingfishcatchingarecatchingspendingfishingfishingsittingdoing\n主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:Togoinforsportshelpsyoustayfit.Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例:It’srightofhimtorefusetheinvitation.(him为逻辑主语)点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了直接作主语外,常放在:Itis+adj.(形容词)+todosth.或Itis+n.(名词)+todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。返回\n动词宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例:wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle类似用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decideagree,love,like,hate,prefer等。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)点击规律:这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大提示板:likedoing指经常性动作,而liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon‘tliketoswimnow.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。\nstop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板:1)stoptodosth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事。例句:Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。\n2)思考:forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?点击规律:在find/feel+it+adj.+todosth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep.Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext.点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上页的stop例句。返回\n表语放在连系动词be后面例句:Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers’lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。返回\n定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.Ihavealotofworktodo.Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy.点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如:Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein.Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith?返回\n作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如:Icometoseeyou.Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime.Theybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookatb.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语)如:Iamgladtoseeyouhere.Iamsorrytotroubleyou.c.作结果状语。如:Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach.Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.返回\n宾 语 补 足 语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.Itellhimnottogotherebybus.Edison‘smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,make,let,have,observe,notice,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如:Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.返回\n“疑问词+不定式”用法不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.(直宾)Idon’tknowwhattosaynow.(宾语)Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer.(宾语补足语)It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere.(主语)在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.返回\n根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It'stimeforus_____(have)supper.2.Wouldyoulike_____(go)shoppingwithme?3.Ittookushalfanhour_____(work)outtheproblem.4.Heisoldenough_____(join)thearmy.5.Ifeelstrange_____(have)atwinsister.6.Iamveryglad_____(meet)youhere.7.Theyprefer_____(stay)athomeratherthangoout.8.Wesawthem_____(come)intotheroomjustnow.9.Whathesaidmademe_____(feel)sorry.10.Iamsorry.Iforgot_____(tell)youthenews.11.Hisplanis_____(spend)afewdaysinthemountains.12.Haveyougotanything_____(say)?13.Haveyoudecidedwhichone_____(choose)?14.Doyouknowwhen_____(start)?15.Heistooweak_____(carry)thebigstone.togo主语togo宾语towork主语tojoin结果状语tohave形容词补足语(原)tomeet形容词补足语(原)tostay宾语tocome宾补tofeel宾补totell宾语tospend表语tosay定语tochoose定语tostart不定式短语作宾语tocarry结果状语