初中虚拟语气讲解课件 (2) 49页

Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气\n英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。\n虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说的话不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。\nEg:Wemetinthisroom.陈述语气DocometothemeetingnextFriday.祈使语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.虚拟语气\n一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。Ifitisfinetomorrow,Iwillgotovisitmygrandma.IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoAmerica.\n一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中与过去事实相反的假设与现在相反的假设与将来相反的假设虚拟条件句主句If+主语+过去式（be用were)If+主语+had+过去分词If+主语+过去式（be用were)If+主语+wereto+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋would＋动词原形(should/could/might)主语＋would＋动词原形(should/could/might)主语＋would＋have+动词过去分词(should/could/might)\n动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）wouldshould+动词原形couldmight与过去事实相反had+过去分词wouldshouldhave+过去分词couldmight与将来事实可能相反动词过去式/should+动词原形wereto＋动词原形wouldshould+动词原形couldmight\nIwouldbuyanexpensivecar.Iwouldbuyavilla.Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfIwonthelottery,现在事实相反\nIfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegone过去事实相反Ifhe________morecarefully,he_____________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad\nMark:100I________apartyforyou.shouldgetIfyou____________________________________gotWeretogetafullmarknexttime,将来时相反wouldhold\nIfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.Ifitrainedtomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反\n要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反\nPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.a.Ifthey______(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war___________(break)outagain,what________________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?c.Ifthepoliceman_____________(benot)inthatroomnow,it________________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_______(be)inyourposition,I_____________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werewouldtakebrokewouldhappenwerenotcouldbewerewouldask\nPRACTICE2:Fillintheblankse.IfTom__(be)morecarefulintheexam,he___________(pass)italready.f.Ifyou(get)upearlier,you_________(catch)thefirsttrain.g.IfI____(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughthadmetwouldhavegone\nPRACTICE3:FillintheblanksIfthere(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What___(happen)ifyou_____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbewouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetup\n注意1.省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedthefinalexaminations.\n2由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有),butfor(要不是)Eg:Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.=Iftherewerenoelectricity,Withouthisadvice,Icouldn’thavedoneitallbymyself.=Ifithadn’tbeenforhisadvice,\nButforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceededindoingthisexperiment.=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Butforthemeeting,IwouldhavegonetoyourpartylastSaturday.=Ifithadn’tbeenforthemeeting,\n1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there___nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCshouldbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we___earlier.AwillarriveBshouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived\n二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中Wish的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.IwishIwereabirdIwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistakeWewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.\n用于宾语从句Iwish从句结构Example与现在事实相反一般过去式Iwishitwereautumnnow.与过去事实相反过去完成式Hewishes(wished)hehadnotlostthechance.与将来事实相反would+V.原形Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.\nIwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.现在时\nHewishhehadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.Iwishthelunchtimewouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.过去时将来时\nPractice1Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe______(be).2.IwishI___________(meet)himyesterday.3.Iwishit__________(be)finetomorrow.4.A:Youhavemadesomemistakes.B:IwishI____mistakeseveryday.don’tmakeB.haven’tmadeC.wouldn’thavemadeD.didn’tmake\n2.Iwishthey___inthisballgame.AwouldbesucceededBwouldbesuccessfulChadbeensuccessDhadbeensuccessful3.Hewishedhe___moreaboutthesubject,sohecouldtalkaboutit.AhadknownBknewCwouldknowDknows4.HowIwishI___adoctor,and___thedyinggirl.Aam,cansaveBwas,savedCwere,couldsaveDwillbe,willsave\n5.---Whatshallwedonext?--IwishthatBill___here.Ifhe___here,hewouldtelluswhattodo.Ahasbeen,hasbeenBwouldbe,wouldbeCwere,wereDis,is6.HowIwisheveryfamily___alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!AhasBhadCwillhaveDhadhad7.HowIwishthatI___themoonsometimeinthefuture.AhadvisitedBwouldvisitCvisitedDwillvisit\n2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire”后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形”e.g.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Idemandedthathe(should)answermeimmediately.(一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议advise,suggest,propose四个要求demand,require,request,desire)注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原形”\nPractice:Iadvisedthatthesickchild___ahospitalassoonaspossible.AshouldsenttoBshouldbesentCbesenttoDmustbesentto2Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___be20percent.AberaisedBwouldberaisedCraisedDraise\n3Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody___therules.AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDwouldobey4.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe___amedicalexamination.Abe,shouldhaveBwas,haveCshouldbe,hadDwas,has5.---Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?---No,buthisaccentsuggeststhathe___fromthesouth.AwasBshouldbeCisDwere\n注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Eg:Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.\n三．用语表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/demand等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．\nEg:Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry\nWeareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting______.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoffHisrecommendationwasthatanexperiencedsalesmanager_____tothebranchcompanyinShanghaitotakechargeofthemarketingthere.A.wassentB.sendC.besentD.wouldbesent\n3.Wouldratherthat宁愿－－－－现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时wouldprefer,表示一种希望和委婉的责备。Eg:Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolongnextweek.我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。\n四.用于主语从句中1.Itisnecessary／important／strange／naturalimpossible/surprising+that从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。\nEg:Itisnecessarythatyou(should)cleantheroomafterwork.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe（should）refusetocometotheparty.\n2.Itissuggested／desired/ordered/requested/proposed/demandedthat从句…从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略\nEg:Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisorderedthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.\n3.Itisapity／ashame／nowonder+that从句从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略省略eg:Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心．\n考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold\n五、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itis(high/about)timethat…“到做----的时间了.”注意:should不能省略．过去时should+V原.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.\n2.Ifonly引导的感叹句“要是．．．该有多好啊”用法与wish相同Eg:IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!\n“好象”3.asif/though+Clause与现在事实相反用过去式与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去完成式Would/could/might+动词原形\n1)asif/asthough连接表语从句Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.Helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.2)asif/asthough连接状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.\n注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Eg:Itlooksasifyouaretired.\n4.在Incase,forfearthat和lest“万一；惟恐;以免”引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用should+动词原形should可省略.Eg:Idaren’ttellyouwhathedidforfearthatheshouldbeangrywith.IncaseIshouldfail,IwouldtryagainIwillnotreadaloudthebooklestIshoulddisturbyou.\n5.在带有evenif/eventhough“即使”引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同.Eg.EvenifLinTao_______(be)here,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhe____________(be)ill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.werehadbeen\n2错综条件虚拟语气条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.\n判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间Pass!虚拟语气应试对策