初中英语代词课件(精品全面) 31页

代词(pron.)\n一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清分类人称、作用人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用主语宾语、表语定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语\n（一）人称代词的语序：单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they\n（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg:Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours?名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:Heisafriendofmine.\n二、it的用法it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。1.代表前面提到过的事物。如：Mypenismissing.Ican’tfinditanywhere.2.用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。-----Whoisknockingatthedoor?-----Itisme.Thewomanhadababy.Itwasfivemonthsold.\n二、it的用法3.表示时间、距离、天气等。如：Itwillbesunnytomorrow.4.作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellfirst.Itisimpossibleforustolearnaforeignlanguage.\n三、反身代词的用法定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves构成，可用口诀简记如下：反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。\n三、反身代词的用法（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,lookafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeDidyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?2.helponeself(tosth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Helpyourselvestosomefruit,children.\n三、反身代词的用法3.hurtoneself伤着自己Shedidn’thurtherself.4.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学DidyouteachyourselfEnglish?=DidyoulearnEnglishbyyourself?5.lookafteroneself照顾自己Icanlookaftermyselfwell,thanks.\n三、反身代词的用法6.saytooneself自言自语Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshallIdo?”7.cometooneself苏醒Soontheladycametoherself.8.makeoneself+过去分词，使自己被别人…Shedidherbesttomakeherselfunderstood.9.makeyourselfathome别客气，让自己像在家一样Helpyourselftosomefish.Makeyourselfathome.10.loseoneselfin沉浸于……陶醉于……Theybothlostthemselvesinthebeautifulmusic.\n三、反身代词的用法（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.byoneself=alone自己做Shehasdoneherhomeworkbyherself.2.foroneself为自己Shemadetheskirtforherself.3.ofoneself自然而然的、自动的Thedooropenedofitself.4.amongthemselves在他们中间Theyarediscussingthematteramongthemselves.\n三、反身代词的用法（三）作表语反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。Thelittleboywasmyself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.作主语的同位语Youwillhavetodoityourself.Hehimselfwrotethewordsandmusicofthesongs.作宾语的同位语Iwillgivethelettertoyourbrotherhimself.You’dbetteraskMaryherselfaboutit.\n四、指示代词this/that/these/those单数复数用法1用法2thisthese近指指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指指前面刚提过的事【辨析】one,it,thatit常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。Thebookismine.Itisveryinteresting.Ihavesomeapples.Youcanhaveone.TheweatherofDalianismuchwetterthanthatofLanzhou.\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（一）some与anysome常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何……”时，可用于肯定句。Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.----Wouldyoulikesomebread?----Yes,please.\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（二）辨析both,neither,either,all,noneboth,neither和either这三个词用于两者或两者之间，both表示“两者都……”，用于肯定句；neither与both互为反义词，意为“两者都不……”；either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全部、都”，none表示“没有任何人或物”。\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等【辨析】so/neither+助动词+主语！和so/neither+主语+助动词！so+（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。so+主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（三）many&muchmany和much都有“许多”的意思，many用来修饰可数名词复数，much用来修饰不可数名词。名词修饰语一览表常修饰可数名词的词或短语常修饰不可数名词的词或短语既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词或短语each,every,several,few,afew,many,toomany,anumberof,manya/an,onlyafew,quiteafew…little,alittle,much,toomuch,agood/greatdealof,abitof,asmall/large/hugeamountof…some,any,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,alltherestof…\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（四）afew,alittle,few,little表示肯定，“有几个，有点”表示否定，“没多少，很少”后加名词afewfew可数名词alittlelittle不可数名词\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等each和every“每一个”each=everySheknowseachstudentoftheclass.她认识班级中的每个学生。Sheknowseverystudentoftheclass.她认识班级中的所有学生。Eachofthemdoesn’tsmoke.每个人都不吸烟。every却只有形容词词性，不可单独使用。each作代词，与of连用重于个体强调整体\n五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（六）图解other系列不定代词one（一个）theother（另一个）one（一个）another（其余的任一个）one（一个）theothers（其余的全部）some（一些）others（其余的一部分）some（一些）theothers（其余的全部）\n六、复合不定代词指物指人everythingeveryone，everybodysomethingsomeone，somebodyanythinganyone，anybodynothingnoone,nobody\n六、复合不定代词注：1.这些词后一般都不可接of短语。2.这些词一般没有词形变化，但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：Everyone’slifewasindanger.3.这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后置。4.这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。5.在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是everybody，someone等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they，也可以用he；若陈述部分的主语是anything，nothing等指物的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：Everyoneknowsthis,doesn’the/don’tthey?Everythingseemsallright,doesn’tit?\n七、相互代词eachother;oneanother.表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用eachother,表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系时，用oneanother或eachother都可以，也就是说oneanther一般不用于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是eachother’s和oneanother’s，两者常可互换。\n八、疑问代词及关系代词（一）疑问代词1.who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用whom。Withwhomdidyoutalkjustnow?Who(whom)areyouwaitingfor?2.which,what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。Whatclassareyouin?\n八、疑问代词及关系代词（二）关系代词Thisisthedoctorwhocamehereyesterday.Themanwhomyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Theroomwhichyoucanseebytheriverisareadingroom.主格宾格所有格指人whowhomwhose指人或物which//\n练习一：单项选择1.Pleasesend____bestwishestoMary.A.IB.meC.myD.mine2.Thisismybook._____areoverthere.A.YourB.YoursC.YouD.Mine3.____havealotofhomeworktodo.A.He,youandIB.You,heandIC.I,youandheD.I,heandyou4.Themandownstairsfound____verydifficulttogettosleep.A.thatB.themC.itD.its5.----Hi,Jim.IsthisyourbikeorTom’s?----It’smine,not______.A.hersB.yoursC.hisD.himCBBCC\n练习一：单项选择6.Tomishere,andafriendof____ishere,too.A.hisfatherB.hisfather’sC.he’sfatherD.hefather7.Help____tosomefish,Jenny.A.yourselvesB.yourselfC.himselfD.herself8.Theboysandgirlsseemedtoenjoy____inthepark.A.themselvesB.themC.theyD.their9.----Isthismodelplaneyours?----Yes,it’smine.Itismadeby______.A.myselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.herself10.Mr.Greentaught_____Englishinourschoolandtaught______Frenchathome.A.ushisB.himusC.ushimselfD.ourhimselfBBAAC\n练习一：单项选择11.----Couldyouofferme____juice,sir?----I’mreallysorry.Ihaven’tgot___now.A.any;anyB.some;anyC.some;someD.any;some12.Isthere____withyourbike?A.anythingwrongB.wronganythingC.somethingwrongD.wrongsomething13.----I’mleavingfortheexam.Bye-bye,Mum.----Well,makesureyou’vegot____ready.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing14.Hecanspeak____French,butnot____.A.some,muchB.any,muchC.much,manyD.many,any15.Moneyisimportantinmylife,butitisn’t____tome.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anythingBACAA\n练习一：单项选择16.----CouldIhavesomemilk?----Certainly.There’s___inthebottle.A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.few17.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy____.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that18.Thisappleisdelicious.Giveme____one,please.A.theotherB.anotherC.othersD.other19.TheyarebothgoodatEnglish,but____ofthemisgoodatmaths.A.noneB.eitherC.allD.neither20.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.SomearefromtheUSA,and____arefromChinaA.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.otherBBBBC\n练习二、用正确的代词填空1.----Excuse___,isthisbikeyours?----No,itisn’t______.Ithinkit’sTom’s.----Yes,itis____.2.Shewillfinishthework_______.3.Make_______athome,Lucy.4.Theboyisstandingwith____handsinthepocket.5.Youcanhaveonecake_____,children.6.Willyoupleasedo______shoppingforme?7.MissGaowantstoteachherstudents__________sheknows.8.Youmaystayherefor_________fivedays.9.Thisquestionissoeasythat___________cananswerit.10.Ihope_________goeswell.meminehisherselfyourselfhiseachsomeeverythinganotheranyoneeverything\n练习二、用正确的代词填空11.Themanhastwosons,and____ofthemarestrong.Oneistalland_________isshort.12.Americantake-awayfoodisquitedifferentfrom_____.(our)13.WestudyChinese,Englishandsome_____subjects.14._____oftheshoesintheshopweretherightsizeforme.Theywere________toobigortoosmall.15.________drawssowellasJim.16.ThepopulationofHarbinissmallerthan______ofBeijing.17.Theblueshoeslookbetterthanthegreen______18.Pleasekeeptogether,Idon’twant____ofyougetlost.19.We’llhavetohurry.Wehaven’tgot_____time.20.Jimistallerthan________elseintheclass.boththeotheroursotherNoneeitherNobodythatonesanymuchanyone