初中重点复习资料 36页

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  • 2022-07-29 发布

初中重点复习资料

  • 36页
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初中英语常用必备词组(一)一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组(一)由be构成的词组1)beback/in/out回来/在家/夕卜出2)beathome/work在家/上班3)begoodat善于,擅长于4)becarefulof当心,注意,仔细5)becoveredwith被复盖6)bereadyfor为作好准备7)besurprised(at)对感到惊讶8)beinterestedin对感到举9)beborn出生10)beon在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着1l)beabletodosth.能够做12)beafraidof(todosth.that...)害怕(不敢做,恐怕)13)beangrywithsb.生(某人)的气14)bepleased(with)对…感到高兴(满意)15)befamousfor以而著名⑹bestrictin(with)(对工作、对人)严格要求17)befrom来自……,什么地方人18)behungry/thirsty/tired饿了/渴了/累了19)beworried担忧20)be(well)worthdoing(非常)值得做21)becoveredwith被所覆盖22)bein(great)needof(很)需要23)beintrouble处于困境中24)begladtodosth.很高兴做25)belatefor迟到26)bemadeof(from)由制成27)besatisfiedwith对感到满意28)befree空闲的,有空29)be(ill)inbed卧病在床30)bebusydoing(with)忙于做(忙于)\n初中英语常用必备词组(二)(一)由come^do、get^give>go^have>help>keep、make^looke、put>set>send、take>turn、play等动词构成的词组I)comeback冋來2)comedown下來3)comein进入,进来4)comeon快,走吧,跟我来5)comeout出来6)comeoutof从出来7)comeup上来8)comefrom来自9)doone'slessons/homework做功课/冋家作业10)domorespeaking/reading多做口头练习/朗读II)doone'sbest尽力12)dosomeshopping(cookingreading,cleaning)买东酋(做饭菜读点书大扫除)13)doagooddeed(gooddeeds)做一件好事(做好事)14)domorningexercises做早操15)doeyeexercises做眼保健操16)dowellin在某方面干得好17)getup起身18)geteverythingready把一切都准备好19)getreadyfor(=bereadyfor)为作好准备20)geton(well)with与相处(融洽)21)getback返冋22)getridof除掉,去除23)getin进入,收集24)geton/off上/下车25)getto到达26)getthere到达那里27)givesb.acall给打电话28)giveatalk作报告29)givealecture(apianoconcert)作讲座(举行钢琴音怎会)30)giveback归还,送回41)goto(the)hospital去医院看病42)goover过一遍,复习/gooverto朝走去43)gofishing/skating/swimming/shopping去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西44)gohome(there)冋家去(去那儿)45)goround顺便去,绕道走\n41)goup上去42)gooutforawalk外出散步43)goon(doing)继续(做)44)goonwithone'swork继续某人的工作45)goupstairs/downstairs上/下楼51)(thelights)goout(灯)熄了52)havealesson(Iessons)/ameeting上课/开会53)haveafootballmatch(basketballmatch)举行一场足球(蓝球)赛54)havedictation听见55)haveatry试一试56)haveagood/wonderfultime玩得很高兴57)havealecture(apianoconcert)听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)58)haveareport(talk)on听一个关于的报告59)haveaglassofwater(acupoftea)喝一杯水,(一杯茶)60)havebreakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭61)haveameal(threemeals)吃一顿饭(三餐饭)62)haveadinner吃正餐63)havebreadandmilkforbreakfast早饭吃血包和牛奶64)have(havegot)aheadache头痛65)haveafever发烧66)haveacough(acold)咳嗽(感冒)67)havealook(at)看一看68)havearest(abreak)休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)69)haveatalk谈话70)haveaswim/walk游泳/散步71)havesports进行体育锻炼72)haveasportsmeet(meeting)开运动会73)havesomethingdone让人(请人)做74)haveatest/anexam测验/考试75)haveanidea有了个主意76)hadbetterdosth.(notdosth.)最好做(最好不要做)77)haveawordwith与谈儿句话78)helpsb.withsth.helpsb.dosth.在方面帮助帮助做79)helponeselftosomechicken/fish/meat请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉80)helpeachother互相帮助81)keepupwith跟上,不落后于.…82)keepsilent/quiet保持沉默/安静83)keepsb.doingsth.使一直做84)keepone'sdiary记H记85)makeanoise(alotofnoise,muchnoise,noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)86)makealiving谋生\n82)makesb.dosth.迫使某人做83)makefaces(aface)做鬼脸84)makefriends(with)与交朋友85)makeamistake(mistakes)犯错误91)makeroom/spacefor给腾出地方92)makeasentence(sentences)with用造句93)makeafire生火94)bemadefrom/of由制成95)bemadein在地方制造96)lookoutof(outside)往外看(看外面)97)lookupaword(inthedictionary)查字典98)lookup往上看,仰望99)lookafter照管,照看,照顾1()0)lookfor寻找101)looklike看上去像102)lookfine/well/tired/worried看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑103)lookout当心,小心104)lookon...as...把当作…看待105)lookaround朝四周看106)lookat看着107)puton穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)108)putup建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖109)putinto使进入,输入110)putone'sheartinto全神贯注于111)put...down...把放下112)put...into...把译成113)setup竖起,建起114)setoff出发,动身115)setout出发116)setanexamplefor为树立榜样117)sendfor派人去请(叫)118)sendout放出,发出119)endup把往上送,发射120)takeone'sadvice听从某人劝告121)takeout拿出,取出122)takedown拿下123)takeplace发生124)takeone'splace坐的座位,代替某人职务125)taketheplaceof代替126)takeawalk/rest散步/休息\n101)takeiteasy别紧张102)takesth.withsb.随身带着103)takesb.toapark/Londonforone'sholidays带某人去公园/伦敦度假104)takecareof关心,照顾,保管131)takealook(alastlook)at看一看(最后看一眼)132)takeanexam参加考试133)takeaway拿走134)takeback收回,带回135)takeholdof抓住136)takeoff脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉137)take(anactive)partin(积极)参加(活动)138)takephotos拍照139)takesomemedicine服药140)takeabus/train,boat/乘公共汽车,火车/船141)turnon开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)142)turnoff关上(电灯,收音机等)143)tumin交出,上交144)turn...into...变成145)turnto翻到,转向146)turndown(把音量)调低147)tum...over把翻过来148)playbasketball打篮球,football踢足球,volleyball打排球149)playgames做游戏150)playthepiano(theviolin)弹钢琴(拉小提琴)151)playwithsnow玩雪152)playajoke(on)对开玩笑\n初中英语常用必备词组(三)(一)由其他动词构成的词组152)thinkover仔细考虑153)arriveat/inaplace到达某处154)eatup吃完,吃光155)dowellin在干得好喜欢干某事156)enjoydoingsth.likedoingsth.喜欢做某事157)findout发现,查出(真相等)158)finishoff吃完,喝完159)stopdoingsth.停止做某事160)stoptodosth.停卜來去做某事161)holdameting举行会议162)holdup举起163)hurryup赶快,快点164)enterfor报名参加165)langhtat嘲笑166)beusedto习惯于167)usedto过去常常168)wake...up唤醒169)workout算出\n初中英语常用必备词组(四)二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组1)askfor向要,请求2)askforleave请假3)sendfor派人去请(叫)4)payfor付的款5)waitfor等候6)thankfor为感谢7)apologizetosb.forsth.为某事向某人道歉8)lookfor寻找9)leave...for离开去10)falloff跌落11)catchcold着凉,伤风12)catch叩with赶上13)agreewithsb.赞成,同意某人的意见14)filledwith把装满15)tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人某事16)talkabout谈论17)thinkabout考虑18)worryabout担忧19)lookafter照料20)runafter追赶,跟在后面跑21)readafter跟读22)smileat对微笑23)knockat敲(门、窗)24)shoutat对大喊(嚷)25)throwaway扔掉26)workhardat努力做27)waitinline排队等候28)change...into...变成29)hurryinto...匆忙进入30)runinto...跑进31)hearof听说32)thinkof认为,考虑33)catchholdof抓住34)insteadof代替35)handin交上来36)stayinbed卧病在床37)hearfrom收到来信38)atonce立刻39)atlast最后\n32)atfirst起先,首先33)attheageof...在岁时\n43)atthebeginningof...在之初44)atthefootof...在脚下45)atthesametime同时46)atnight/noon在夜里/中午47)withone'shelp在某人的帮助下,rfl于某人的帮助48)withthehelpof...在的帮助下49)withasmile面带笑容50)withone'sowneyes亲眼看见51)afterawhile过了一会儿52)fromnowon从现在起53)fromthenon从那时起54)farexample例如55)farawayfrom远离56)frommorningtillnight从早到晚57)byandby不久58)byairmail寄航空邮件59)byordinarymail寄平信60)bytheway顺便说61)bythewindow在窗边62)bytheendof...到底为止63)Iittlebylittle逐渐地64)inall总共65)infact事实上66)inone'stwenties在某人二十儿岁时67)inahurry匆忙68)inthemiddleof在中间69)innotime(inaminute)立刻,很快70)intime(ontime)及时71)inpublic公众,公开地72)inorderto为了73)infrontof74)inthesun75)intheend在……前面在阳光下最后,终于\n76)insurprise惊奇地77)inturn依次78)ofcourse当然79)abit(of)有一点儿80)alotof许多81)onone'swayto某人在去的路上82)onfoot步行,走路83)atalkonspace一个关于太空的报告84)ontheotherhand另一方血\n85)at/ontheweekend在周末86)ontheleft(right)在左(右)边87)ontheothersideof在另一边88)ontheradio通过收音机(无线电广播)89)toone'sjoy使高兴的是90)toone'ssurprise使惊讶的是初中英语常用必备词组(五)三、量词词组和其他词组(一)量词词组1)abit一点儿2)afew(of)一些(可数),儿个3)alittle一些(不可数)4)alotof(lotsof)许多5)apieceof一张(一片,块)6)acupof一茶怀7)aglassof—玻璃杯8)apileof(pilesandpilesof)—堆(一堆堆的)9)aboxof一盒10)acopyof一份,一本11)abowlof一碗12)abasketof一篮13)aplateof—盘14)abottleof一瓶15)abasinof一脸盆16)asetof一套17)akindof一种18)atypeof一种类型的19)agreatdealof非常多,大量的(不可数名词)20)alarge(great)numberof非常多,大量的(可数名词)21)agreatmany大量,许多(可数名词)22)adifferenttypeof一种不同型号的23)agro叩of—队,一组,一群(二)其他词组1)allkindsof各种各样的2)allovertheworld/thecountry全世界/全国3)allover遍及每一部分,浑身4)allone'slife一生5)oneafteranother顺次6)theChildren'sPalace少年宫7)dayafterday日复一日8)upanddown上上下下\n2)thedayaftertomorrow后天10)thedaybeforeyesterday前天1l)thelast/pasttwoyears(orso)最近两年(左右)12)thewholecountry/thewholeworld全国/全世界13)amomentago刚才14)justnow/then刚才/那时15)halfanhour'swalk步行半小时的路程16)lateron过后,后来中考英语词汇归类复习一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语屮有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)forget/rememberdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/tem-embe]:'todo(忘记/记得要干的事)meandoing(意味着干…)meantodo(想干•••)trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)(95高考)"Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.""Well,nowIregretthat."A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone\n(92高考)"Iusuallygotherebytrain."Whynotbyboatforachange?z/A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing(87高考)Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheline./ItoriskgoingB.riskinggoingC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing2•都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后川接不定式(要用被动形式),接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy~*并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.(85高考)Thissenteneeneeds.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeuponesmind,used,beabout,beable,have等。如:(89高考)ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appredate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,can,thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。如1:(92高考)1wouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.youarecalling(87高考)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed.A•catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch\n3.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:Heturnedteacher.)(91高考)Theseorangestaste.A.goodB.we11C.tobegoodD.tobewel14.含〃被动〃意味的动词有些动词,女口sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,let(iil租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:Mypenwritessmoothly.我的笔好写。Oilburnseas订y.油易燃烧。(88高考)Thatsuitover60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostD.cost(97高考)"Isthisraincoatyours?""No,minetherebehindthedoor./ZA.ishangingB・hashungC.hangsD・hung5.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的〃,作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓〃醉的",drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)\nsink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)Thewoman,whowasbornin1940,hasbornefivechildren.lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lyinglie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying(89高考)Doyouknowtheboyunderthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.1ayingD.lying二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词:常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:innotime(立刻,马上),ontime(按时),intime(及时、迟早、最终),atatime(一次),behindthetimes(落伍),behindtime(不及时,晚点),atonetime(曾经),foratime(—度),atothertimes(其它时候,平素),attimes(有时候),atalltimes(一直,经常)(93高考)Ifyoukeepon,youwi11succeed.A.intimeB.atonetimeC.ontimeD.atthesametime(94高考)Don'tallspeakatonce!,please.A.EachatontimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime2.常用的搭配活跃的动词:常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn—词:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),turnup(放大音量等;出现),turnclown(放小音量等;拒绝),turnin(上交),turnagainst(反对),turnout(生产),turnaway(避开)(81高考)Wouldyoumindyourradioa1ittle?A.turnoffB.turningoffC・toturndownD.turningdown\n(92高考)Readerscanquitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getoutofC.getawayD.getoff1.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词:搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:①on与动词的搭配:geton(上车/船等),liveon(以…为生),feedon(以…为生),takeon(接受;雇用),turnon(打开开关/电器等),lookon(旁观),spyon(侦察/窥探),callon(号召;拜访),goon(继续),haveon(穿戴),dependon(依靠),waiton(侍候),carryon(执行),holdon(坚持),insiston(坚持),playtr-ickson(戏弄),fixon(注视),impresson(留下印象)②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):onduty(值班),onbusiness(因公;因事),onfire(燃烧),onshow(展览),ontime(准时),onstrike(罢工),onwatch(监视,观察),onsale(;l|售;大减价),onearth(到底,究竟),onjourney(旅游),onfoot(步行),onpurpose(故意),ontheway(在路上),onthecontrary(相反),ononehand(一方面),ontheright(在右边),onthewhole(总而言之),onone,sown(独自),onone'sside(支持,站在某一方),onholiday/leave(度假/请假)③其它情况:lateron(后来),fromnow/thenon(从现在/那时起),onaccountof(由于,因为)(93高考)Weofferedhimourcongratulationshispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of(91高考)Anewschoolwasinthevi1lagelastyear.A.heldupB.setupC.sentupD.broughtup三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关1.动作动词和结果动词:英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果,这类动词常见的有:lookfor(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);try(试图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);aclvise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服,侧重劝成功)\n(87高考)IIowcanyouifyouarenot?A.listen,hearinghear,1isteningC.be1isterling,heardD.behearing,1istenedto1.词序不同、意思就不同:有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:beforelong(不久以后),longbefore(很久以前)turnin(上交;就寝),inturn(按次序,轮流)handin(上交),inhand(在手边)fromfar(来自远方),farfrom(离得远;远非)muchtoo(非常,修饰形容词或副词),toomuch(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)ifonly(要是…),onlyif(只有…)allin(精疲力尽),inall(总共)goodfor(对…有好处),forgood(永远)(95上海)Itwaslatetocatchabusaftertheparty,thereforewecailedataxi.A.tooveryB.muchtooC.toomuchD.farBeforeIong,hemovedtoLondonandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.ItwasnotlongbeforethewholecountryroseupanddrovetheAustriansoutoftheirhomeland.2.动词后有无介词,意思不同:因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:search(对人、物或场所搜查),searchfor(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leavefor(去某地)reach(至!J达;拿到),reachfor(伸手去拿)prepare(准备),preparefor(为…作准备)enter(进入),enterfor(报名参加)run(经营;跑),runfor(竞选)stand(站;忍受)»standfor(代表)answer(冋答),answerfor(负责)know(T解,知道),knowabout(知道关于…)pay(付钱、债给某人),payfor(付钱买某物)Thebabyreachedfortheapplebuthecouldn,treachit.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果,但够不到。ThemayorwhousedtorunasmallshopwillrunfortheSenate.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。3.有无-ly,意思和用法都不同:这词在教材中较多。一般來说,在形容词后加了-ly成了副词,但有些形容词不加-ly时也可作副词,因而在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用法分类记忆:a.表具体(无-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的区别:wide(宽广),widely(广泛地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)b・有无-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近),nearly(几乎)hard(努力),hardly(几乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象样),likely(大概,也许)dear(\n昂贵),dearly(深切地;昂贵地)close(靠近地),closely(密切地)late(迟到),lately(最近)bad(坏),badly(恶劣地;严重地)1.合写与分写时意思不同:这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:sometime(某个时候),sometime(一段时|bJ)sometimes(有时),sometimes(JL次)everyday(adj.z/日常的",作定语),everyday(每天)anyway(adv.无论怎样),anyway(以任何方式)altogether(总共,完全),alltogether(一道,一起)already(己经),allready(都己准备好)everyone(每个人,指人,不可接of短语),everyone(每个人或物,后可接of短语)none(没有,可指人或物),noone(没有,专指人)(95高考)Theywereallverytired,butofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anvB.someC.noneD.neither2.差了一个字母a,意思大不同:这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使用时也常混淆,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别。如:alive(adj.活着的",作表语),live(adj.修饰物,作定语:alivefire)alone(adj.,adv.〃独自〃,作形容词时作表语),lone(adj.,z孤独的;偏僻的",作定语)asleep(adj.熟睡的",常作表语),sleep(V.,n.睡着)awake(adj.,v."醒着;叫醒〃,作形容词时作表语),wake(v.叫醒)alike(adj."相象的〃,表语形容词),like(v.,prep.,adj.喜欢;象样)arise(vi.产生;发生;岀现),rise(vi.起来;上涨;上升)across(prep・,adv.穿过;横过),cross(v.穿过;横过)await(vt.等候〃,直接接宾语),wait(vi.,z等候",不及物动词)aloud(adv.z,大声地",与read,call,cry等连用,无比较级形式),loud(adv."大声地,响亮地",常与talk,speak,shout,laugh等词连用)注意:有a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时则要后置。如:It'sdifficultforthemanawaketofallasleepagain.\n四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关归纳易拼错的常用词如:quarrel,imnierdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克单词拼写难关。从高考题看情态动词的用法最近儿年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题考常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,述要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。一、用“情态动词+have+done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用“对立统一”來概括。1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系來解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:musthavedone:表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作"一定做了",只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't/couldn,thavedone?疑问式为Can/Could...havedone?ocould/mighthavedone:表示对过去发生的动作的对能性推测,常译作“对能做T……”o如:1)SorryT'mlate.Thaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.?(北京2000春)A.mightB.shouldC.canD・will该题前句说明了结果,后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性,对前句进行补充说明。分析选项可知本题应选人。2)MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,soheyourlecture.?(上海2000)\nA.couldn,thaveattendedB.needn'thaveattendedC.mustn"thaveattencledD.shouldn?thaveattended该题前句叙说一个客观事实,后句对前句进行补充说明,分析选项可知C是错误的?而B、D两项不符合题意。故本题选A。又如:Jackyet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme-(上海'97)A.mustn'thavearrivedB.shouldn,thavearrivedC.can"thavearrivedD.neednothavearrived(C)1.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助"but,however,instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。shouldnothavedone/oughtnottohavedone:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。needhavedone:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。neednothaveclone:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如:3)Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.(NMET2001)A.mustn,t1eaveB・shouldn,thave1eftC.couldn"thaveleftD.needn"tleave分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知,事实上是“本不应该离家岀走却走了”,故本题选B。\n3)ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIforher.(NMET‘94)A.hadtowriteitoutA.musthavewrittenitoutB.shouldhavewrittenitoutC.oughttowriteitoutrfl句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选Co二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近儿年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。4)—IsJohncomingbytrain?—lieshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(NMET2002)A.mustB.canC.needD.maymustn"t表示"禁止、不准”;cannot表示"不可能”;neednot表示"不必要”;maynot表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。5)—Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.(北京2002春)A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可,may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉?shal1常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示,如果此空用shall,则意为“要(我)看一下吗?”,不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。\n3)MrBushisontimeforeverything.Howitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(上海2001春)A.canB.shouldC.mayD.mustmustbe表示肯定的猜测,只能用于肯定句中,由题意可知本题应选A。4)—AreyoucomingtoJeff"sparty?—I’mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.(MMET2000)A.mustB・wouldC.shouldD・mightrfl题意和下句中的“I'mnotsure”知这段对话中存在一种iij能性推测,might可以用來表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断,故本题选D。又如:Ishouldhavebeenthere,butInotfindthetime.(上海2000春)A.wouldB.couldC.mightD.should分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力;c项只表示语气上的可能性,与题意不符。故本题选5)Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.(NMET‘96)A.won't;can"tB.mustn,t;mayC.shouldn"t;mustD.can"t;shouldtmustn't表示“不可以;禁止”,分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性,故本题选B。6)—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,•Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(NMET‘99)A.Imustn"tB.Ican"tC.Tneedn,tD.Twon,t分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要來看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A项表示“禁止”;C项表示“不必要”;而0项表示“不会”,均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如:\n—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou.(MET'92)A.mightB.willC.canD.should(C)3)—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—Theybereadyby12?00.(NMET'98)A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need该题考查情态动词should的基本含义,分析句意可知本题应选B。又如:Theoldmanisalwayshuntingthelions,soterriblethingshappentohim.(上海'96)A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could?C4)Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.(NMET'97)A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto该题考查了could和beableto的区别,二者都可表示过去时间的能力,但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was/wereabletodo,故本题选D。5)—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you.I'vetoldhimalready.(NMET'94)A.needn,tB.wouldn,tC.mustn,tD.shouldn,t情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示“没有必要了”,故本题选初中英语复习——词组归纳abitexpensive有点贵abottle/glassof一瓶/杯afarmworker(^farmer)农民alineofmountains一条山脉\namomentlater过了片刻apieceofbread一块面包aquarterto/pastsix六点差/过一刻ared-letterday喜庆日子atelephonecallforsb.某人的电话abovezero零度以上agreewith同意某人allbyoneself全靠自己abitexpensive有点贵abottle/glassof一瓶/杯afarmworker(=farmer)农民alineofmountains一条山脉amomentlater过了片刻apieceofbread一块而包aquarterto/pastsix:A点差/过一刻ared-letterday喜庆日子atelephonecallforsb.某人的电话abovezero零度以上agreewith同意某人allbyoneself全靠自己allday一整天allovertheworld全世界alltheafternoon整个下午allthesame同样地,都一样allthetime一直almostthewholeday几乎一整天answerthetelephone接电话Areweallhere?我们都到齐了吗asquicklyasyoucan(你要)尽可能快assoonas1can/aspossible(我)尽可早asusual与往常一样atabadtimeofyear在年景不好时atfirst起先atlast最后atnoon在中午atonce立即\natone,sworkplace在工地atschool在学校atthe(third)crossing在第三个路口attheback/frontoftheclassroom在教室的前/后头atthebeginningof在..・伊始atthecinema在电影院attheendof在...结束时atthefootof在…(山)脚下attheheadofthequeue(thefirstofqueue)在队伍的前头atthemoment在此刻atthesametime与时同时atthesideofroad在路旁atthistimeofyear在一年中的这时候attimes不时atwork在上班BadLuck!倒霉be(alittle)weakin・.・在...差/弱beangrywith对…生气bebadlyhurt受重伤becoveredby/with由...覆盖begoodatboating擅长划船begoodorbadfor(one'shealth)对..・有利/害beintrouble处在困境,有麻烦belatefor...迟到bemadeof由…制作beneckandneck与...齐头并进beopen/closedatthistimeofday一天中的这时候开/关着beterriblyill生重病betherightsize尺寸合适beusedfor=usedas被用来做bewidelyused得到广泛运用bewornout被穿破,累坏了be/feelworriedabout对・・•担心become/be/feelinterestedin对…感兴趣beforethesunrose二beforeitwaslight在日出前Bestwishes(for-..)!谨祝…Betterlatethannever.亡羊补牢(犹未迟)\nbreakdown(机器/车・.・)出故障businesshours营业时间bytheendof至!|・・・结束时bytheway顺便说说bythen到那时callmeJimforshort简称我为JimCanItakeamessage我可以捎个话吗Canyoudescribeit?你能描绘一下吗Canyouspellit?你能拼写它吗Canyoutellmethewayto...?你能告诉我去....怎么走吗can'twaittodo...迫不及待去做..・catchabus赶公车catchacough/headache患感冒/头痛catchupwith赶上changeone"smind改变主意Chinesetake-aways中餐/国外卖ChristmasDay圣诞日Classesareoverat5课5点结束clothingshop成衣店come/getback冋来Comealong=comeon.快点comeandmeetsb.来见某人comedown/uptheladder顺着楼梯下/上comeroundthecorner从(街)角拐了过来comeroundtodinner过来(我家)吃饭comestraightto…径直•••到跟前comewithme=followme跟我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