初中英语词汇教与学课件 293页

初中英语词汇教与学湖北省天门市实验初级中学成爱菊\n调查内容选“是”的学生比例1．死记硬背34.62%2．根据字母组合55.03%3．根据读音规则68.05%4．用联想、比较的方法36.98%5．把单词放入句子中27.81%6．只用早读时间记单词60.36%7．常用早读和睡前记单词26.63%8．常翻英语词典35.80%\n一、词汇教学的现状及存在的问题（一）单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间，造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇教学效率低下。（二）词汇教学求深而不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效扩展。（三）词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘得也快。（四）词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立学习能力。（五）词汇教学重记忆、轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运用能力。\n二、词汇教学攻略（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义（二）明确词汇教学的五个特征（三）掌握词汇教学的方法（四）词汇教学的模式\n（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义新课程标准明确规定了词汇教学的目标和要求：培养学生根据语境或构词法知识推测词义和理解句意的能力。培养学生在阅读时能够准确的掌握同根词或多义词在文中的意思并准确地理解文章。使学生学到规定数量的单词，掌握学习词汇和快速记忆单词的方法。具体内容包括以下几个方面：1.语域2．搭配3．派生4．语法规则5．意义\nWhatdoesitmeantoknowaword?[in'dʒɔi]v.享受，喜欢英文释义：getpleasurefrom【词形变化】名词:enjoyment动词过去式:enjoyed动词过去分词:enjoyed动词现在分词:enjoying动词第三人称单数:enjoys副词:enjoyably形容词:enjoyableenjoy\n【语法用法】enjoy后可接名词，代词，反身代词或动名词，但不能接不定式。Ienjoyhunting.Weenjoyedtheholidays.Weenjoyedourselvesduringtheholidays.\n【词义辨析】like,love,prefer,enjoy这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。like:最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。love:不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。enjoy:指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。prefer:指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。\n例句与用法：Ienjoysinging,muchmorelisteningtomusic.我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。NowthatIamfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。Howdidyouenjoytheconcert?你喜欢那场音乐会吗？\n（二）明确词汇教学的六个特征：1．词句结合，词篇结合，在语境中深化。2．以新带旧，以旧学新，温故而知新。3．学以致用，学用结合，在运用中掌握。4．训练策略，形成习惯，培养自主学习能力。5．课内课外并举，拓展词汇学用渠道。6．科学记忆，循序渐进，提高词汇学习效率。\n（三）掌握词汇教学的方法1．直观法8、自主探究法2．演示法9、归类记忆法3．表演法10、猜词法4．语境法11、英文解释法5．联想法12、构词法6．图解法13、翻译法7．游戏法14、词典法\n直观法1、运用实物\n2、运用照片和图片\n\n3、运用简笔画\n利用多媒体课件dinosaur\n\nelephant\nkoala\ndolphin\npanda\npenguin\nHowtomakeamilkshake?\nCanyoutellmehowtomakeabananamilkshake?1.___________2.___________3.___________4.___________5.___________6.___________thebananas.thebananas.thebananasandicecreamintotheblenderthemilkintotheblender.theblender.themilkshake.PeelCutupPutPourTurnonDrink\n2．演示法(enough)例1：Iamstrongenoughtobreakthebranch.Whoisstrongenoughtobreakthebranch?Whoisn’tstrongenoughtobreakit?\n演示法例2：教学Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake这一单元的生词时，教师准备了香蕉、牛奶、水果刀、榨汁机等，边说边演示。First,Peel3bananas.Then,cutthemup.Next,putthemintotheblender.Next,pourtheyogurtintotheblender.Next,turnontheblender.Finally,drinkit.\npeelthebanana\nCutupthebananas\nPourthemilkintotheblender\nTurnontheblender\nthemilkshakeDrink\n3．表演法open,close,run,Jump,eat,sleephappy,sad,surprisedgetonwellwitheachothergetonbadlywitheachother\n4．语境法LazyborrowWater!“我渴，能给我点水吗？”“当心，地上有水”“洪水来啦”\nBrightWhatabrightsunnyday!Abrightboylearnfast.Herfacewasbrightwithhappiness.Thegardenisbrightwithflowers.Berightintheeyes.BrightredBrightgreenBrightyellow\ndieI’mdyingtoseeyou!Heisdyingofhunger.Theflowersaredying.\n5．联想法（1）归类联想交通类：bus,car,traffic水果类：beach,pear,cherry食品类：noodle,beef,porridge饮品类：Soda,icecream,meat文具类：stationery,eraser餐名类：meal,dinner,lunch\n（2）近义、反义联想expensive—deareasy—difficultwarm—coolsunny—cloudy\n（3）上下义联想\n（4）词缀联想care—careful,careless,carefullyhappy—happily,unhappy,happiness（5）拆字联想often:of/tenblackboard:black/board（6）语音联想清浊音联想：close[klous][klouz]长短音联想：lead[li:d][led]同音联想：won,one拟音联想：bar,吧\n（7）语义联想desertcamel,sand,strongwind,sandstorm,hot,dry,littlerain,fewplants,vastland,wasteland,smallpopulation,beautiful,dangerous,getlost\nLight，“电灯”，电灯会发光，所以有“光线”的意思，有了光线就明亮了，从而还有“明亮”的意思。Change，嫦娥奔月，改变了她的命运。Business，公共汽车里面一只鹅和两条蛇正在谈生意。Earth，地球上的人用耳朵听话。Island，岛屿是大海中的一片陆地。（八）趣味联想\n6、图解法\nonthecase\nunderthecase\nnexttothecase\nbehindthecase\ninthecase\nGostraight\nTurnright\nTurnleft\n（1）倒金字塔帮你排忧解难——表示数量的形容词、名词和代词连用图解\n（2）表示可能性程度的形容词图示法\n（3）图解频度副词的百分比alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever100%90%60%30%1%0%\n（4）——at(in,on)thecorner等四组词图解atthecorner,inthecorner,onthecorner\n（5）inthetree,onthetree\n（6）代词教学oneanothertheothersomeothersonetheotheroneanothersometheothers\n7．游戏法closeyoureyes,putupyourhandskickyourfootclap,shake,wavenod\n实例教学一游戏名称：记单词竞赛教学目的：巩固复习近阶段学过的单词，培养形象思考能力、反应能力和观察力。游戏说明：老师将要考查的单词卡放在讲台上，并将全班分成AB组，每组每次各选派代表到前台抽取一张单词卡。学生代表认出单词后，可以用图画、手势、表情等各种方法来表现一个单词的形象或一个单词的含义，本组学生通过看和听，同时读出该单词，正确者累计得分。\n实例教学二词汇学习：数词教学目的：巩固数词的学习，训练对数词的表达和反应能力游戏说明：将全班分成八组，要老师用纸条写出八组数字，每组派代表到前面抽取一张，不看，交给老师，老师小声读出数字，学生默记在心，然后小声用英语读给本组的下一个学生听，最后一名学生听后，马上跑到黑板上写出那组数字，看谁写得又快又对，累计得分\n实例教学三游戏名称：描述猜词词汇学习：任何实物类词汇教学目的：培养学生解词、猜词能力和协作精神。游戏说明：两人配合做该游戏，通过多媒体播放不同的实物图片，甲生背向屏幕，乙生看图用英文描述该物品，甲生猜测屏幕上显示的是何物。要求乙生不能直接说该物品的名称。\nGuessS1:Isitanounoraverb?S2:It’sanoun.S1:Wherecanwefindit,insideschooloroutsideschool?S3:Outsideschool.S1:Whatshapeisit?S4:It’sround.S1:Whatisitfor?S5:Itisakindoffood.S1:WesternfoodorChinesefood?S6:Westernfood.S1:Isitpopularhere?S7:Yes,quitepopular.Mostyoungpeoplelikeitverymuch.S1:Isit“hamburger”?S7:Yes,youareright.It’s“hamburger\n8、自主探究法（1）自主学习词汇（2）开展词汇的探究性学习(3)开展词汇的合作学习S1：graduateS2：AlicegraduatedfromBeijinguniversity3yearsago.S3：Whatdidhedoafterhegraduated?S4：Asagraduate,sheoftenhelpedsomechildrenwiththeirstudies.\n9、归类记忆法\n常用词组归类动词词组takearesttakeexercisetakephotostakeabustakemeto.Takethethirdleft.takemedicine\n介词词组：infrontof,acrossfrom,athome,atschool…习惯表达：Hereyouare.Haveagoodtrip.CanIhelpyou…名词词组：apairof,abottleof,acupof,Chinesefood同义词pencilbox-pencilcase,cab-taxi,bike-bicycle,mittens-mitts,telephone-phonesoftly-quietly...反义词clean-dirty,wet-dry,first-last,go-come,puton–takeoff,loud-quiet,hard-soft,slow-fast…\n主题归类\n运用头脑风暴farmhousestreesfarmersanimalsplantshillsriversFarmtoolsappletreescowssheepchickensdogsvegetableswheatricetractors\nWhatcanrobotsdo?…humans,snake,hugearm,spiderhomeworkplaywithmeplayfootballWhatcanrobotslooklike?\n超级链接dangerousmoreintelligentstronger…BadGood……homeworkhouseworkplaywithmelookforpeopleunpleasantjobswalkanddancetalk\n意义归类adventuredangerousroughastonishingtiringwildriskyexcitinguncomfortable\n意义归类ActionmovieHorrormovieSciencefictionMOVIEComedyCartoonDocumentary\n意义归类(die)Hehaspassaway.Heisnomore.Heisnolongerwithus.Histimehascome.Heisrestinginpeace.Heissleepingwithhisfathers.Hehasgonewest.Hehasnoneoutofthisworld.Hehasgonetothebetterworld.\n10、猜词法\n通过因果关系猜词Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfaultAllhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.\n通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词.Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.\n通过构词法猜词dis-im-un-表否定ful-less-ous-是形容词后缀等。要求学生掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识。如dis-im-un-表否定；-ful–less–ous是形容词后缀等。Hehasrenamedtherestaurant“Paradise\n通过定义或释义关系来推测词义定义或释义常用is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled,或破折号等来表示。Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.\n通过上下文来推测词义Chickenbecomesrottenveryquickly.Itcangobadinarefrigeratorifleftthereformorethanaweek.\n通过描述猜词It’sverybigandheavy.Ithasalongnoseandbigears.Whatisit?\n11、英文解释法\n同义词、近义词或反义词解释词dumb―Ifyouaredumb,youcannotspeak.pretty―beautiful,dull―boring,dangerous―notsafe\n下定义法Snake-----wildanimal,long,soft,legless,dangerous,poison\n词汇互释Lately--------ifsomethinghashappenedlately,ithashappenedrecently\n12、构词法（1）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：pea(豌豆）＋nuts（坚果）--peanut（花生）（2）派生，即加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，happy--unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）\n（3）转化例如：picture(n)画-picture(v)描绘water(N)水--water（v)浇水\n13、翻译法翻译法就是将英语单词的意思直接翻译成汉语。翻译法比较适用于那些不便用直观法、表演法和构词法等教学的词汇，尤其是一些专业术语或表示抽象概念的词汇，如basic,challenge,thepresentperfecttense和thepassivevoice等。\n14、词典法①让学生将一组单词按字母顺序排列，这是查词典的基本能力；②用比赛的方式让学生在词典中快速查找单词，以训练他们查词典的能力；③要求学生根据上下文快速选择单词的词义，训练他们正确理解文章和准确选择词义的能力。\n（四）词汇教学模式１．导入２．操练３．运用４．小结５．拓展和延伸６．布置作业\nsunny\nrainy\ncloudy\nsnowy\nhowistheweather?\n\n\n\ndrought\nthunder\nHeavysnow\nHowdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?Unit7\nMilkshake\nblendern.果汁机；搅拌器\nmilkbananasicecreamingredientsYogurt酸奶[in’gri:djənt]配料,成份\npeel剥；削（水果等的皮）\ncutup切碎\nput…into…放入…之内\npour…into...倾倒，灌入…之内\nturnon打开（电器）\ndrink喝\nPeelthebananas.Cutupthebananas.Putthebananasandicecreamintotheblender.Howtomakeabananashake?\nPourthemilkintotheblender.Turnontheblender.Drinkthemilkshake\nListening:Task1:listen,thenfilltheverbsintheblanks.peelcupupputpourturnondrink_____theblender._____thebananas._____themilkshake._____themilkintotheblender._____thebananasandicecreamintotheblender._____threebananas.Turnonpeeldrinkpourputcupup\n__Turnontheblender.__Cutupthebananas.__Drinkthemilkshake.__Pourthemilkintotheblender.__Putthebananasandicecreamintotheblender.__Peelthreebananas.Task2:Listenandputtheinstructionsinthecorrectorder.123456\nPAIRWORKB:First,____thebananas.Next,______thebananas.Next,____thebananasandicecreamintotheblender.Next,____themilkintotheblender.Then,______theblender.Finally,____themilkshake.A:Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?peelcutupputpourturnondrink\nMakeabananamilkshakebyyourself!\nApplemilkshakeStrawberrymilkshakeBananamilkshakeMangomilkshake\nwritingChooseamilkshakethatyoulikeandwritedownhowtomakeit.Thenmakeareportaboutit.\nHomeworkmakeamilkshakeforyourparents!\n三、科学组织词汇教学，全面提高学生运用词汇表述的能力（一）设计丰富多彩的教学活动，点燃学习热情，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣，。（二）运用科学的记忆方法，提高学生记忆单词的效率。（三）注重词汇教学的七个方面\n设计丰富多彩的教学活动，点燃学习热情，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣\n1、听歌，学单词\n\nhascomeandpassedTheinnocentcanneverlastwakemeupwhenendslikemyfatherscometopasssevenyearshassofastwakemeupwhenseptemberendsherecomestherainagainfromthestarsdrenchedinmyagainbecomingwhowearesummerseptembergonefallingpain\nTry\nEnjoythesongandfillintheblanksIfiwalk,wouldyou_______?Ifistop,wouldyou_______Ifisayyou'retheone,wouldyou_______me?Ifiaskyouto_______,wouldyoushowmetheway?Tellmewhattosaysoyoudon't_______me.Theworldiscatchinguptoyou.Whileyou'rerunningawaytochaseyou_______.It'stimeforustomakeamovecauseweareaskingoneanothertochange,andmaybeI’mnotreadybutI’ll_______foryourlove.We’vebeenhidingenoughruncomebelievestayleavedreamtry\n1、听歌、学单词\nEnjoythesongandfillintheblanksStandingonamountain_______LookingatthemoonthroughaclearblueskyI_______goandseesomefriends.Buttheydon'treallycomprehendDon'tneedtoomuchtalkingwithoutsayinganything.AllIneedis_______whomakesmewannasing.Takemetoyourhearttakemetoyoursoul.GivemeyourhandbeforeI'mold.Showmewhatloveis-haven'tgotaclue________methatwonderscanbetrue.Theysaynothinglastsforever.We'reonlyheretoday.Loveis________ornever.BringmefarawayhighshouldsomeoneShownow\n听歌记单词\n2、赏诗，记单词例1：学生初学英语数字时，教师可以选取这首小诗：One,two,three,four,Maryatthekitchendoor.Five,six,seven,eight,Maryatthegardengate.Nine,ten,nine,ten,Maryfindsabighen.\n例2：当学生学习了有关蔬菜和水果的单词后，教师可以用下面这首小诗帮助学生巩固所学知识：Greencornandtomatoes,Sweetandnicepotatoes.Blackberries,blackberries,Freshandfine,Justoffthevine.\n例3：学了关于季节的单词，老师给学生展示了以Spring为题的一首小诗：SpringisastoryFlowerstellintherain.SpringisasongBirdssinginthesun.SpringisaballetWindsdanceintheafternoon\n3、读谚语、格言，学单词不定代词Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.三个和尚没水吃Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.萝卜青菜，各有所爱\n介词Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.忠言无价Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄兵必败Neverjudgeapersonbyhislooks.切勿以貌取人\n数词Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃Astitchintimesavesnine.一针及时省九针\n4、猜的活动猜，永远是学生最感兴趣的活动之一，猜词不仅可以营造轻松和谐的课堂氛围，还能检测词汇学习效果，训练学生思维敏捷性\n“猜一猜”“What’sinmybag？”上课时，教师出示一个包，告诉学生里面装了学习用品或玩具等，让学生猜一猜。学生的好奇心很快被激发，都想知道包里的东西，不停地用以前学过的单词猜包里的东西（没学过的单词可以用中文）。如果猜不到，还可以让学生摸一摸、闻一闻，然后再猜。最后教师出示答案，呈现新的单词。\n猜动物名称.T:Ihavefourlegs.Ihaveashell.Imoveveryslowly.Ss:Tortoise.T:Ihavelongears.Ieatlotsofvegetables.Ss:Rabbit.T:Ihavefur.Isleepalot.Myfavouritefoodisfish.Ss:Cat.\n趣味猜单词Family的含义是什么？Golf的含义是什么？News的含义是什么BusinessIslandEarth\nWhereisthepicture?Itcould/mightbeon…学习情态动词Guess\nItmustbeontheplate.\nWhoishe?Hecan’tbe______.Hecould/mightbe______.\nHecan’tbe______.Hecould/mightbe______.\nWhoishe?Hemustbe______.\nShecan’tbe______.Shecould/mightbe______.Shemustbe______.\n4、看图，训练重点词句\nThough（1）Thoughthefarmerisold,hewearsthebeautifulclothes.（2）Thoughthefarmerispoor,heishappy.（3）Thoughheistired,hegoesonworking.（4）Thoughitisdark,hestillworks.（5）Thoughthereisnothinginthefield,hekeptondigging\nWhatdoeshe/shelooklike?\nblackhairblondehair\nlonghairshorthairstraighthairshorthaircurlyhairlonghaircurlyhairstraighthair\nHehasshort,straight,hair.\nShehaslong,straighthair.\nShehaslong,curlyhair.\nShehaslonghair.Shehasstraighthair.Hehasshorthair.Shehascurlyhair.Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?Reachabetterunderstandingofthenewwordsandtargetlanguagesandmaketheclasslively\ntallshort\nHeisofmediumbuildHeisnotthin,andheisnotheavy.\nHeisshort.Heistall.Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?Sheisofmediumheight.Step2Presentation\nGeorgeBushJackBushDavidBushisofmediumbuild.isheavy.isthin.\nWhatdoesshelooklike?Sheisheavy/fat.Sheisofmediumbuild.Sheisthin.\nShehasshortcurlyhairandsheisveryheavy.Whatdoesshelooklike?\nWhat’shelike?Hehasalongbeardandwearsglasses.\nWhoisshe?ShorthairWhatdoesshelooklike?SheisLiYuchunShehasshorthair.\nWhatdoesshelooklike?She’sreallybeautiful.She‘sbeautifulAndshehascurlyhair.\nWhataboutshe?She’sthinandshehaslonghair.\nstraighthairWhatdoesyourfriendlooklike?mediumbuild\nWho’she?Whatdoeshelooklike?\n\n\nlikesplayingbasketballshortblackhaircoolandhandsomeverytallmediumbuildfromChinaHehasHeis\nEveryoneisspecial!Everyoneisimportant!Don’tjudgetheothersbytheirappearances!人人都很特别！人人都很重要！不要以貌取人AchievethemoralobjectExtension\n5、编故事，巩固关键词教师可以挑选一些重要的词，让学生编故事，以培养学生创造性使用词汇的能力。如，学习了一些有关看病的词汇，教师可以让学生运用下列词汇创编一个故事：examine,patient,atthedoctor’s,advise,berichin,putonweight,loseweight。下面是一位学生创编的故事：\nTherewasapatientatthedoctor’s.Shelikedtoeatmeatandsugar.Whicharerichinfat.Sosheputonweight.Thedoctorexaminedherandadvisedhertoeatfruitandvegetablesinstead.Shefollowedthedoctor’sadvice.Attheendoftheyearshelostweightandbecamemorebeautiful.\nhonestwolf,sheep,village,fun,crowd,cry\nwolf抽到wolf的学生开始讲故事：That’sme.I’mtheboy.I’mnotthewolf.Thisismystory.OnedayIwasgivenabigjob－watchingabigherdofsheep.Thiswasaprettytoughjob.AndIbeganshouting“Wolf!”Andthepeoplefromthevillageheardme.Theycamefunning\nsheep“Whereisthewolf?Howaboutyoursheep?”thevillagersasked.IlaughedandtoldthemthattherewasnowolfandIjustpracticedshouting.Iwentbacktomyjob,andthevillagerswentbacktothevillage.Afterawhile,inordertoletthesheepknowtheyweresafewithme,Icried“Wolf!Wolf!”\nvillagehevillagersheardmeshouting.Theycamerunningagain.“What’shappening?”Buttherewasnowolfagain.Iwentbacktomyjob,andagainthevillagerswentbacktothevillage.\nfunThiswasfun!It’snotoftenthatawholevillagewilllistentoakidlikeme.Afterawhile,Idecidedtopracticeoncemore,asifIsawabigwolf.\ncrowdAbigcrowdfromthelittlevillagecamerunningtohelpmeagain.Buttherewasnobigwolfagain.Thevillagerswerenothappy.Andtheyallheadedbacktothevillage.Butthenabighungrywolfreallydidcometostealthesheep!\ncryIcried“Wolf!”Noonecame.Ishouted“Wolf!”Noonecameagain.Iyelled“wolf!”Noonecameanymore\n6、表演情景短剧，呈现新词Where’sthepostoffice?\n课前，把教室的桌子拉开距离，开辟出一条条“街道”。在桌面贴上bank,bookshop,supermarket,hospital,trafficlight,cinema,postoffice,policestation,school之类的图片，使教室变成一个“小城镇”。课上，让几位同学扮演“警察”来指挥交通、指路，再请几位同学扮演“行人”来问题。\n（二）运用科学的记忆方法，提高学生记忆单词的效率。1．构词法2.顺口溜和口诀3.联想记忆4.分类记忆5.典型例句记忆6.卡片记忆7.循环记忆\n构词法字母替代，改变词性，配对记忆字母缀加，改变词义，拓展记忆拆字教学，以旧带新，化零为整词的派生（前缀，后缀）词的复合词的混成\n字母替代，改变词性，配对记忆Live生活——life生命give给——gift礼物half一半——halve平摊thieve偷——thief小偷save拯救——safe安全sing唱歌——song歌advisev.劝告——advicen.忠告practisev.练习——practicen.练习foodn.食物——feedv.喂养toothn.牙——teethev.出牙\n字母缀加，改变词义，拓展记忆arm臂膀——arms武器time时间——times时代，次数custom习惯——customs海关work工作——works著作wood木头——woods树林look看——looks容貌cloth布料——clothe穿衣weigh重——weight重量\n拆字教学，以旧带新，化零为整vege＋table桌子＝vegetable蔬菜（只记vege）of＋ten＝often经常s＋word词＝sword剑\n词的派生A、前缀B、后缀\n前缀（1）en使enlarge扩大endanger危及arch大archbishop大主教bi双biplane双翼飞机bimonthly双月刊tri三tricycle三轮车triangle三角形multi多multinational多民族co合coagent合作者cohabit同居de降degrade降级decrease减少fore先，前forehead前额forerunner\n前缀（2）mono单monotone单调monologue独白re再，又retell再叙述restore恢复pro亲pro-British亲英counter反counter-revolution反革命counterattack反攻in不incorrect不正确informal非正式immoral不道德impolite不礼貌irregular不规则illegal非法micro微microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶卷mis误misunderstand误解misspell误拼\n后缀（1）1)形容词-able可drinkableeatableal的autumnalfinalful的shamefulharmful-less缺/无homelessjoyless-like（似）的childlikelifelike\n后缀（2）2)名词-a/an人musician-ee（被动接受的）人employeetrainee-or/er（主动实施的）人engineervisitor-ist家，者communistmoralist-ess（女）人hostesshuntress-hood时期/身份childhoodneighborhood-ese语ChineseJapanese-ism主义communism-ology学科physiologytechnology\n词的复合(compoundword)n.＋n.landlordbathroomadj.＋n.blackboardprep.＋n.onlookerv.＋n.pickpocketscarecrowadj.＋adj.widespreadn.＋adj.nationwideheartbrokenprep.＋adj.abovementionedprep.＋v.overdo（做过了头）n.＋prep.＋n.mother-in-law\n词的混成（blending）televisionbroadcast——telecast电视播送smokefog——smog烟雾breakfastlunch——brunch早午餐\n2、顺口溜和口决\n例1：be动词用法歌I用am，you用are，is用于他、她、它（heis,sheis,itis）,所有的复数都用are.\n例2：序数词构成歌基变序，有规律。一二三，专门记（firstsecondthird）。th从四加起（fourthsixthseventh），八去t，九减e（eighthninth），ve要用f替（five-fifthtwelve-twelfth），ty变成tie（twenty-twentiethforth-fortieth），大数只变最后一（236twohundredandthirty-sixth）。\n例3：正确使用such和so的顺口溜so和such二者都有“这么，这样”之意，不少同学在使用它们时容易混淆。为帮助记忆，可编一句顺口溜：名前such，形、副so，多多少少仍用so.\n例4：sometime,sometime,sometimes,sometimes分开是“一段”，相连是“某时”；分开s是“倍、次”，相连s是“有时”。读读上面四个句，便会运用四个词\n3、联想记忆Vegetable，因为是蔬菜，所以含有大量维e，炒熟后，要放在桌上，所以词尾是table，这样联想后，学生们很快记住了这一单词。\n4、分类记忆如食品类，动物类，文具类，运动类，交通类，电影类，家具类等等。\n5、典型例句记忆Famous①IamfamousasanEnglishteacher.②Iamfamousformyteachingmethod.Find①Ifindhimclever②Ifindhimtobeclever③Ifindhimacleverboy④Ifindthatheisclever⑤Ifoundhimsmiling/tiedtothetree\n6、卡片记忆要记忆的语言知识写在卡片上，以便随时取出复习，巩固记忆。如单词卡片，随身携带，可以提高记忆效果\n7、循环记忆法艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线\n根据艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线，人的遗忘从识记后便开始，先快后慢，也就是说，识记最初的时间内遗忘得较快，以后逐渐减慢，到一定时间后，几乎不再遗忘。因此，复习的时间间隔就应是先短后长。当天的内容当天晚上就要复习，以后每隔2、4、8、16、32、64、128天……都要按时重现、再认，这样进行多次的重复不但能形成长时间的记忆而且效果较好。\n（三）词汇教学中应注重的几个方面1、注重语音教学2、注重词的外延与内涵3、注重词的搭配：4、注重词的呈现5、注重中西方文化差异6、注重词汇教学的时机7、注重对词汇的及时复习及检测8、注重在课堂上注入时代气息的新词\n注重词的外延与内涵woman的语义特征为：female，human，adult；词的内涵意义，是词的附加意义或联想意义。这种附加意义是人们对该词或短语所指的人或事物所持有的特殊情感或态度。例如，句子“Therugbyteamplayedlikewomen.”就反映了一些人对woman的认识：柔弱、缺乏男子汉的力量和速度等。\nFindouttheChinesemeaningsofthefollowingphrasesFindouttheChinesemeaningsofthefollowingphrases:（1）blacktea____________________（2）greenhills____________________（3）blackandblue____________________（4）brownbread____________________（5）agreenhand____________________（6）ablueMonday____________________（7）whitesale____________________（8）whiteelephant____________________（9）whitelie____________________（10）redflag____________________\n注重词的搭配：（1）语法搭配，比如：lookfor，worryabout，believein，enjoydoingsth，wanttodosth。（2）习惯搭配，比如：tellastory/alie/thetruth，而不能表达为say/speakastory，strongtea不能说成powerfultea，strongwind，heavyrain等等，英语中的语多搭配是约定俗成的，学生学会运用即可。\n注重中西方文化差异hero，中国词典对“hero”解释为：有远大抱负，不畏艰难，为国家为民族作出重大贡献的人；武艺高强，勇猛过人的人，像民族英雄，战斗英雄等。《朗文当代高级英语辞典》对hero则定义为：（1）amanwhoisadmiredfordoingsomethingextremelybrave;（2）Someoneyouadmireverymuchfortheirintelligence,skilletc\ndog一词，在英语国有被看作人类的朋友，甚至家庭中的一员，狗给人的印象是faithful和friendly。这种情感体现在众多与“狗”有关的英语表达上，如“Loveme,lovemydog.”“Everydoghashisday.”等；但在我国文化中，“狗”的内涵意义通常是贬义的。如：资本家的乏走狗，痛打落水狗，狗腿子，狗仗人势等等\n此外，还要关注英汉两种语言在词语组合上的不同顺序：水陆landandwater；新旧oldandnew；饮食eatanddrink；贫富richandpoor；迟早soonandlater；死活lifeanddeath；水火fireandwater；轻重lightandandheavy；左右rightandleft；冷热hotandgold；寒暑heatandcold；前后backandforth；南北northandsouth；\n注重词汇教学的时机单元词汇不应在课前集中教学，是要根据活动或任务的需要分步进行教学。这样有助于分散难点，突出重点。比如，听力中的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的词汇要在阅读过程中处理\n注重词的呈现\nHowwouldyoupresentit?hospital\n1.教师将hospital写在黑板上，将“医院”写在单词旁边。指着单词说，Sayafterme,hospital.然后指着中文说，hospital的意思是“医院”。2.教师将一张医院的图片贴在黑板上，指着图片对学生说，Look,it’sahospital.Sayafterme,hospital.3.教师将hospital一词写在黑板上，对学生说，Listen,ahospitalisaplace.Doctorsworkinahospital,nursesworkinahospitaltoo.Whatisahospital?学生回答，“医院”。\n结合上述案例，重看前面提到的呈现单词意义的十种方式，思考并下列问题：1)这些呈现方式各有什么利弊？2)有没有哪些方法是特别适合呈现某一类单词的？3)有没有哪些方法是特别适合哪一个学段的学生的？4)在选择单词呈现方式时，你需要考虑哪些因素？\n在选择单词呈现方式时，教师们需要考虑：1）目标词汇本身的特点，如是具体事物还是抽象概念；2）学生的知识水平，如是否具有理解英文解释的知识和技能基础；3）学生的年龄，如对低龄学生更适于用实物、图片、动作、表情等呈现单词，而高年级的学生则易于接受比较抽象的语言解释。4）准备工作所需要的投入。为呈现一个单词而投入太多的时间和精力去准备材料显然也不现实。\n成功呈现示例\n教师在黑板上写上一个学生已经学过的单词want,问学生,Whatwordisthis?学生说,Want.老师说，Good,it’swant.接着，老师将字母t擦去，指着wan问学生，Howdoyousaythis?学生回答，//.老师在wan前面加了一个字母s,指着swan问学生，Nowhowdoyousaythisword?学生回答，Swan.老师说，Excellent.It’sswan.Butwhatisaswan?学生沉默，这时，老师拿出一张天鹅的图片贴在单词swan旁边，指着图中的天鹅说，Look,thisisaswan.\n6、注重对词汇的及时复习及检测（1）课后要及时布置有关词汇的作业（2）词汇听写。（3）词汇阶段检测（4）词的专项训练\n词的专项训练选词填空题\n题型简介短文填空题就是非选择题的完形填空题,在近几年的各地中考中主要有以下几种形式:一是给出词语,然后选用最恰当的单词,且用其适当形式填空.二是在文章空白处填上恰当的单词,有的有首字母提示.三是在文章空白后有一个单词,作适当变化后填空.无论哪种形式,都是考查学生运用语言知识的能力.针对今年中考，我们主要学习第一种选词填空题。\nHowtostayhappy?Passage1\none,he,good,foot,look,by,with,think,something,worry,hand,worse,sad,happyThedaywasliketheotherdayinhislife.Tomwalkedpasttheshoponthestreetcorner.Hestopped1____atthefrontrowofshoes,andhewashappytoseethatthepairofshoeshewantedverymuchwerestillthere.Lookingdown,hefeltsorryfor2_______Hereallywantedtohavethemforhisbirthday.tolookhimself\nHewalkedaway3____andthoughthowtotellhismotheraboutit.Heknewshewouldgivehim4_______helikedifshecould.Buthealsoknewverywellshehadlittlemoney.Hedecidednottogohomeat5____,ashelooked6______andhismotherwouldnoticeit.Sohewenttotheparkandsatonthegrass.Thenhesawaboyinawheelchair.Henoticedthattheboymovedthechair7___hishands.sadlyanythingonceworriedwithone,he,good,foot,look,by,with,thinksomething,worry,hand,worse,sad,happy\none,he,good,foot,look,by,with,thinksomething,worry,hand,worse,sad,happyTomlookedathimcarefullyandwassurprisedtoseetheboyhadno8___.Helookedathisownfeet.“It’smuch9______tobewithoutshoesthanwithoutfeet,”hethought.Therewasnoreasonforhimtofeelsorryandsad.Hewentawayandsmiled,10______hewashappier.feetbetterthinking\n1.sad-sadly(副词修饰动词）eg.Heissingingasonghappily.2.worry-worried(连系动词后用形容词）eg.Thesouptastesdelicious.3.think-thinking(动词的现在分词做伴随状语）eg.Therearemanyteachershere,listeningtous.\n常见词性变化动词-----eg.look---tolook,think---thinking形容词.副词-----eg.sad---sadly,good---better名词------eg.foot---feet代词-----eg.he---himself数词----eg.one---once/first时态.语态及非谓语动词等形式词性互换及等级变化或其反义词单复数及所有格的变化主格与宾格.形容词性与名词性物主代词.反身代词,不定代词的变化基数词与序数词或其他词类的变化\nHowtodealwithproblems?Passage2\nwhat,face,compare,physics,poor,how,regard,look,succeed,change,develop,with.Richor1,youngorold,weallhaveproblems.Andunlesswedealwithourproblems,wecaneasilybecomeunhappy.Worryingaboutourproblemscanaffect2wedothingsatschool.Itcanalsoinfluencethewayswebehavewithourfamilies.Sohowdowedealwithourproblems.Therearemanyways.poorhow\nBy3problemsaschallengesManystudentsoftencomplainaboutschool.Theymightfeeltheyhavetoomuchworktodosometimes,orthinktherulesaretoostrict.Wemustlearnhowto4________these“problems”into“challenges”.Educationisanimportantpartofour5____________.Asyoungadults,itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwitheachchallengeinoureducation6thehelpofourteachers.regardingchangedevelopmentwithwhat,face,compare,physics,poor,how.regard,look,succeed,change,develop,with\nwhat,face,compare,physics,poor,how.regard,look,succeed,change,develop,withBythinkingofsomethingworseBy7yourselftootherpeople,youwillfindyourproblemsarenotsoterrible.ThinkaboutStephenHawking,forexample,averycleverscientst,whoregardshismany8______problemsasunimportant.Hecan'twalkorevenspeak,buthehasbecomeveryfamousand9________.Weareprobablyquitehealthyandsmart.Let’snotworryaboutourproblems.Let’s10thechallengesinstead.comparingphysicalfacesuccessful\nKeypoints:单词的词性变化:eg.prep+v.ing,adj+n/pron,adv+adj,v+adv,much/even+比较级,too/so/very…+原级,oneof/序数词+最高级……词组的固定搭配:eg.regard..as..,compare..to…withthehelpof,atonce…\n语言的规范通俗:eg.howwedothings,facethechanllege…文意的理解运用:eg.richorpoor,stoptolook事件的客观真实:eg.havenofeet,lookworried\nSteps（步骤）:First(首先）……Second（第二步）…..Next（接下来）…..Then（然后）……Finally（最后）…..\nSummary方法步骤一。泛读文章,了解大意.不要孤立地理解某个句子,以免断章取义.二。细读文章,确定词义.联系文章大意和逻辑,常识性知识和语法结构，确定所缺单词或词组.三。结合语法,确定词性或词组的正确形式.（“常见词性变化”已小结）\n四。先易后难,逐一落实.难题先放在一边,最后结合文章的整体内容分析,仔细体会作者意图,再作答.五。重读文章,检查答案.代入答案后检查意思是否通顺.流畅,是否符合文章主旨大意和逻辑关系,同时检查单词拼写和形式是否有误,发现问题及时纠正.\nPractice\nPassage3Howtokeephealthy?\nbalancestressoutstayawayfromtheriskofevenifasifhealthythatitprefertobeinagreementtoomuchwestTraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.Forexample,areyouoftenweakandtired?Maybeyouhave1_______yin.Youshouldeathotyangfoods,likebeef.EatingDangshenandHuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.Butpeoplewhoaretoo2_______andangrymayhavetoomuchyang.Chinesedoctorsbelievethattheyshouldeatmoreyinfoodsliketofu.Chinesemedicineisnowpopularinmany3_______countries.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.Mostpeople4_________thatfruitandvegetablesaregoodforhealth,soIeatmainlyfruitandvegetables,andI5_______________sugar.Iwanttotakecareofmyhealth.Ibelievethatfastfood6_______isn’talwaysbadforus,buttoomuchofitisnotgood.Ilovetoeatmeatthat’swellcooked.I’veheardeatingburntfoodcanincrease_7_______cancer.Peoplewhoeatabalanceddietshouldbehealthierthan8________whoonlyeatbiscuitsandhamburgers,shouldn’tthey?I9________onlyeatfoodthatIlike,butisn’titimportanttoeatfoodthat’shealthy,10______youdon’tlikeit?twomuchstressedoutwesternareinagreementstayawayfromitselftheriskofthoseprefertoevenif\nThekeystoP3(Howtokeephealthy):1.toomuch2.stressedout3.western4.areinagreement5.stayawayfrom6.itself7.theriskof8.those9.preferto10.evenif\n1.it-itself(反身代词作主/宾语同位语）eg.Jackhimselfoftenwasheshisclothes.2.that-those(不同范围的同类事物作比较,后者单数或不可数名词用that,复数用those.eg.TheweatherinShenzheniswarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.Thetreesherearestrongerthanthoseonthathill.\nPassage4Howtobehavewell?\nabitof,challenge,bedifferentfrom,speak,even,think,another,keep,get,improve,pretty,bethesameas,alittleI’mhavingagreattimeonmyexchangeprograminFrance.It’s1______betterthanIthoughtitwouldbe.Iwas2_______nervousbeforeIarrivedhere,buttherewasnoreasonbe.Myhostfamilyisreallynice.Theygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.Andyouwouldn’tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhas3______!I’mverycomfortable4_______Frenchnow.AlthoughIstillmakelotsofmistakes,itdoesn’tbothermelikeitusedtobe.Mybiggest5_______islearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertable.Asyoucanimagine,things6___________thewaytheyareathome.Forexample,you’renotsupposedtoputyourbreadonyourplate.You’resupposedtoputitonthetable!Ithoughtthatwas7_______strangeatfirst,butnowI’musedtoit.You’renotsupposedtoeatwithyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit!8_______thingisthatitisveryrudetosayyou’refull.Ifyoudon’twantanymorefood,youshouldjustsay,“Itwasdelicious.”Also,it’srudetoputyourhandsinyourlap.Youshouldalways9______yourhands,butnotyourelbows,onthetable.Ihavetosay,Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’mgradually10_______usedtothingsanddon’tthemsostrangeanymore.evenalittleimprovedspeakingchanllengearedifferentfromprettyAnotherkeepgetting\nThekeystoP4:(Howtobehavewell)1even2.alittle3.improved4.speaking5.challenge6.aredifferentfrom7.pretty8.Another9.keep10.getting\nPassage5Teenagers’dreams\nprovide,choose,will,similar,achieve,seem,enjoy,common,cross,dream,cometrue,offer.Whatwouldyouliketodoafterfinishingyoureducation?It1_____thatsomestudentswouldliketostarttoworkassoonaspossible,sothattheycanhelp2________betterlivesfortheirparents.Otherstudentshopetocontinuestudyingafterfinishingschoolandtogotouniversity.Althoughmoneyisimportant,manyteenagerssaidtheywanttodojobsthey3______.Accordingtothesurvey,themostpopular4______ofjobiscomputerprogramming.Teenagershaveallkindsofdreams.Accordingtothesurvey,lessrealisticdreamsarealso5________,butmanystudentsreportedthattheywere6_______toworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.Quiteafewdreamofbecomingfamous,perhapsfamoussportspeopleorsingers.Somesaidthey’dlovetogoonexcitingtrips.Onestudentsaidshe’dlovetosail7_______thePacificOcean.Andthentherearedreamsthatareimpossible:somestudentssaidthey’dliketobeabletofly!Itwasclearfromthesurveythatteenagershave8______hopes.Itseemsthatmoststudentshopetohaveagoodeducationandfindagoodjob.Ontheotherhand,studentsdreamofverydifferentthings:goodthings,andevencrazythings.Itisveryimportantto9______,soholdontoyourdreams,onedaytheymayjustcometrue.Canyoutellsomethingaboutyourdreamsandhowto10________them?seemsprovideenjoychoicecommonwillingacrosssimilardreamachieve\nThekeystoP5:Aboutteenagers’dreams1.seems2.provide3.enjoy4.choice5.common6.willing7.across8.similar9.dream10.achieve.\nShowyourselves!Whatisyourdream?Howdoyouplantoachieveit?\n注重在课堂上注入时代气息的新词没门（noway），留守学生（stay-at-homestudent），猪流感（swineflu），下线（getoffline），allingoodtime（别着急）\namazing!-太神了anytime!-随时吩咐awful!-好可怕啊Fresh!-好有型！afteru-您先noway没门allset?-一切妥当allowme!-让我来behave!-放尊重点bingo!-中了boring!-真无聊crazy!-疯了deal!-一言为定Exactly!-完全正确！Fantastic!-妙极了！Fifty-fifty!-对半分！\n一堂词汇教学课\n(Period1)Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?Unit7\nDon’tbeshy!Justtry!Icanbethebestone!站起来就是勇气!说出来就是精彩!\nWhat’shisfavoritedrink?\nshake\nbananamilkshakeWhatkindofshakeisit?\nstrawberryshake\nchocolateshake\nappleshake\nwatermelenshake\npeel\ncutup\nblender\nturnon\npour\nPeel______________________.thebananasCutup_________thebananas.thebananasPut___________andicecreaminthe______.Completethesentences!blender\nPourthe_____into____________.milktheblenderTurnon____________theblender._____themilkshake.Drink\nLOOKandGUESS:Whatdoesshewanttodo?Drink….Peel...Cut…Put…Pour…Turn…\n\n\n\n\nDrinkPourPeelCutupTurnonPut273中国英语教师网\nLet’schantPeel,peel,peelthebanana.Cut,cut,cutupthebanana.Pour,pour,pourthemilk.Turn,turn,turnontheblender.Peel,peel,peelthebanana.Cut,cut,cutupthebanana.Pour,pour,pourthemilk.Turn,turn,turnontheblender.Game:\nListenandputtheinstructionsinthecorrectorder.()Turnontheblender.()Cutupthebananas.()Drinkthemilkshake.()Pourthemilkintotheblender.()Putthebananasandtheicecreamintotheblender.()Peelthreebananas.542613\nListenagainandanswerthequestionsasquicklyasyoucan.1.How’stheboyfeelingnow?Heisfeelingveryhungry.2.Whatdotheywanttomake?Abananamilkshake.3.Howmanybananasdotheyneed?Three.4.Whatdotheyputintheblender?Thebananasandicecream.5.Isshakeadrink?Yes,itis.\nfirstnextthenandafterthatfinallyGROUPWORK\nfirstnextthenandafterthatfinally\nPAIKWORKA:I’mhungry!let’smake……B:Howdoyoumake……?A:Well,first……next……then…..and……afterthat……finally……B:Ok!......\nStep1:Peelthebananas.280中国英语教师网\nCutupthebananas.281中国英语教师网\nStep3:Putthebananasandicecreamintotheblender.282中国英语教师网\nStep4:Pourthemilkintotheblender.283中国英语教师网\nStep5:Turnontheblender.284中国英语教师网\nStep6:Drinkthemilkshake.285中国英语教师网\nonoffabcdef\nPeelthebananas.Cutupthebananas.Putthebananasandicecreamintheblender.\n.Pourthemilkintotheblender.Turnontheblender.Drinkthemilkshake.onoff\nblendermilkbananaicecream\nWhatkindofshakeisit?pearmilkshakeapplemilkshake\nFillintheblanks:A:Iamhungry.let’smakeanorangemilkshake.B:OK.Whatdoweneed?A:Weneedsomeorangesandmilk.B:Howm___orangesdoweneed?A:Weneedthree.B:OK.Howm____milkdoweneed?A:Onecup.B:Nowhowtomakeit?A:First,p____theoranges.Next,c___uptheorangesandthenputthemintheb_____.P_____themilkintotheblender,too.Thent____ontheblenderforabout3minutes.Finally,pourthemixture(混和物)intoaglassandenjoyit.B:Thatmustbemuchmoredelicious.anyucheelutlenderurnExerciseour\n请您回答：1.您认为单词教学重要吗？2.单元生单词何时教?3.如何教？4.每单元做词汇专项练习吗？5.学生记忆单词有困难吗？6.您感觉单词教学中有哪些疑问？7.您是如何帮助学生落实单词的？8.您有没有经常教学生记单词的方法？\nBestwishestoyou!Bye!