精品系列：初中英语情态动词课件 27页

中考复习词汇专题（情态动词）考点揭密重难点解析典型例题分析课时训练1·····················2021/10/23\n考点揭密掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。12掌握情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。2·····················2021/10/23\ncan可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为“能,会,可以”；can't意为“不会,不能,不可以”,还有“不可能”之意。could为can的过去式,用法与can类似,常用于过去时中；could还可用于现在时中表示委婉客气,相当于can；could也可表示惊讶怀疑,不相信,如：Hecouldn'tbeathief.31can掌握常用情态动can,could,may,might,must,need,shall,will,should,would等的用法。考点揭密3·····················2021/10/23\n考点揭密2may表示允许、也许,意为“可以,也许,可能”。对may的一般问句的回答,肯定回答一般是：Yes,please./Certainly./Sure等,否定回答一般是：Pleasedon't./No,youcan't/mustn't.might是may的过去式,与may用法类似,常用于过去时中；用在疑问句中,还可表示委婉客气。may4·····················2021/10/23\n考点揭密3must表示必须要做的事,意为“必须,应该”。must一般问句的否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto,而不用mustn't,mustn't意为“不可以,不能”,表禁止,不许可。另外,must还可表示有把握的推测,意为“一定、肯定”。must的过去式还是must。must4need作情态动词主要用于问句和否定句中,意为“必要”。need一般问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't,如：NeedIdoitrightnow?肯定回答：Yes,youmust。否定回答：No,youneedn't.need作行为动词,有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词要加todo不定式。need在回答以must开头的一般疑问句时,否定式需用neednot(needn’t),表示“不必”的意思。如：—Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn’t)5·····················2021/10/23\n考点揭密5shall,will用来征求对方意见,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二人称,用来表示意愿；shall用于第二、第三人称,will用于第一人称。6would,should为will,shall的过去式,would用于现在时,表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法,如Wouldyoupleasenotdoitagain?should还有“应该”的意思,但语气比must弱。6·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析1怎样选用can和may情态动词can和may都能表示“可能性”。如：Hemayberight.他可能对。Hecan’tberight.他不可能对。那么,在表示可能性这个概念时,二者的区别是什么呢？7·····················2021/10/23\n二者所适用的句子类型不同。一般说来,can多用于疑问句和否定句,表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而may则多用于陈述句（肯定）,表示一种揣测。如：Canitbetrue?No,itcannotbetrue.Wherecantheybenow?Iheartheremaybeafewcopiesleft.Whathesaidmaynotberight.重难点解析8·····················2021/10/23\n二者所强调的意思不同。一般来说,can强调客观上的可能性,而may则强调主观上的推测或判断。如：Mancannotlivewithoutairorwater.Shemaybeinthelibrary,Isuppose.Shemaynotbetheretoday.重难点解析9·····················2021/10/23\n二者表示的语气不同。在否定句中,can表达的否定语气较强,意为“不可能”；而may表达的否定语气较弱,意为“可能不”或“也许不”。如：Thatcannotbetrue.(=Itisimpossiblethatthatistrue.)Thatmaynotbetrue.(=Itispossiblethatthatisnottrue.)根据以上分析,我们可以归纳为三条原则：(1)在肯定句中用may不用can;(2)在疑问句中用can不用may;(3)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用cannot,若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用maynot.重难点解析10·····················2021/10/23\n现在时：can与beableto一样,但后者不常用。如：Hecanwritewell.Heisabletowritewell.但beableto后不能接被动语态不的定式。如Thestarcannotbesee.（正）Thestarisnotabletobeseen.（误）重难点解析2浅析can和beableto的区别11·····················2021/10/23\n将来时：can没有将来式,此时要用willbeableto。如：IwillbeabletospeakEnglishinthreeyears.但决定将来是否有能力时,也常用can。如CanyoucometoseeusnestSunday?重难点解析过去时,could表示一般能力,was/wereableto表示具体场合的能力。如MyfathercouldspeakEnglish.HewasabletotranslatethisstoryintoFrench.Howmanyeggswereyouabletoget?Could的否定式也可表示具体场合的能力。Thequestionwassodifficultthathewasn’tableto/couldn’tanswerit.12·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析3比较can和beabletocan/could表示能力；可能(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了只用beabletoa.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。13·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/wereableto,不能用could。HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.注意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求,（注意在回答中不可用could）。---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan‘t.2）在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。Hecouldn’tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。14·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析4比较may和might表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首,表示祝愿。MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome.注意：might表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。成语：may/mightaswell,后面接不带to的不定式,意为“不妨”。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.典型例题Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn‘tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。15·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析5比较haveto和must两词都是‘必须’的意思,haveto表示客观的需要,must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）16·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析5比较haveto和must在否定结构中：don‘thaveto表示“不必”mustn’t表示“禁止”,Youdon‘thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。17·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析6must表示推测must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：Hemustbestayingthere.他现在肯定呆在那里。Hemuststaythere.他必须呆在那。18·····················2021/10/23\n重难点解析6must表示推测must表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must要接完成式。Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。19·····················2021/10/23\n【例1】—Where'sMrLi?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.—You____findhim.He______Japan.［2003黑龙江］A.maynot,hasgonetoB.maynot,hasbeentoC.can't,hasgonetoD.can't,hasbeentoC【例2】—CouldIlookatyourpictures?—Yes,ofcourseyou_________.［2003武汉］A.couldB.canC.willD.mightB典型例题解析20·····················2021/10/23\n【例3】—WhereisJack,please?—He______beintheclassroom.［2003杭州］A.canB.needC.wouldD.mustD【例4】TheboysaidhehadtospeakEnglishinclass,buthespeakitafterclass.［2003,广州］A.couldB.didn'thavetoC.mightD.shouldn'tB典型例题解析21·····················2021/10/23\n【例5】Thesebooks_________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoread,themhere.［2003,辽宁］A.can'ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetakenD典型例题解析22·····················2021/10/23\n1._________Iopenthewindow?It'shothere.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Would2.GoandaskMrLiu.He_________tellyou.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.could3._________youpleasetellmethetimeplease?A.ShallB.WillC.MayD.Might4.—_________Itryoutalltheideas?—No,you_________.A.Must,mustn'tB.Need,needC.Must,don'thavetoD.Must,don't5._________IspeaktoMrGreen,please?A.WillB.CouldC.MustD.WouldBABCB课时训练23·····················2021/10/23\n6.HesaidKate_____cometotheparty.ButIdon'tthinkso.A.couldB.mightC.needD.must7.—NeedIdomylessonsrightnow?—Yes,you_________.A.needB.canC.shouldD.must8.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?—I'dloveto.ButI'mafraidI___.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot9.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_________intotheriver.A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrowBDAB课时训练24·····················2021/10/23\n10.Don'tworry!Wecangettothebusstationintimeand_________theearlybus.A.don'tmissB.canmissC.willmissD.won'tmiss11.—Pleasedon'tmakeanynoiseinthereadingroom.—_________A.Sorry,Iwon't.B.Sorry,Ican't.C.Yes,Iwon't.D.OK,Ididn't.12.—MustIreturnyourdigitalcameratomorrow.Tina?—No,you_________.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.won'tACD课时训练25·····················2021/10/23\n13.—Wouldyoulikesomemore?—_________I'mfull.A.Yes,please.B.I'dloveto.C.No,Iwouldn't.D.No,thanks.14.You_________swiminthispartofthelake.It'sdangerous.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.won't15.—Youre-mailaddressagain?I______quitecatchit.—HrZhou@263.com.A.don'tB.can'tC.won'tD.didn'tADD课时训练26·····················2021/10/23\nThankyou!27·····················2021/10/23