初中宾语从句的讲解与运用ppt课件 34页

一．教学任务复习宾语从句二．教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化教学难点1.if与whether的区别2.when与if引导的宾语从句和状语从句3.宾语从句与简单句的互换\nTheObjectClause(Revision)复习宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句\n宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）\nWeknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o主s谓v宾o简单句复合句试比较问题一:什么是宾语从句?\n宾语从句句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当含义：宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词2、从句语序3、从句的时态宾语从句在复合句中起主句宾语的作用，可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语（此宾语用句子充当）。作动词的宾语：Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.一个句子作宾语主语谓语Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.作介词的宾语：\n句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句通常的引导词有：That，what，which，when，how，if，why，who，whom，howmany，howmuch，whether\n不同引导词引导的宾语从句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句\n宾语从句三要素连接词（引导词）时态呼应陈述语序thatif/whether特殊疑问词连接词+主语+谓语+其他\n一、引导词：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。（that）+陈述句Hethinks,“Lucylikesschool.”Hethinks(that）Lucylikesschool.2.if/whether+一般疑问句Heasked,“WasLucylateagain?”HeaskedifLucywaslateagain.3.特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句Heasksme,“WhenwillLucycome?”HeasksmewhenLucywillcome.\n由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.Ihear(that)____________________________.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)__________________________.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)______________________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun\n由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_______________________________.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme____________________________.（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_________________________（为什么火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate\n由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）3.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.\nHelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.二.宾语从句的语序---陈述语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他\ne.g :  CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?      Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.      Didyouknowwhat’sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday？      PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.请注意观察红色字体的语序\n三、主.从句的时态呼应1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:Hesaysthatheisreadingabooknow.Hesaidthathewouldworkhard.TheysaidtheyhadbeentoFrance.Thestudentsaskedmeiftheearthgoesroundthesun.\n宾语从句的时态变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）\n2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.Hesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghadfinished\n3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.     Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.     ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.\n确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态由从句决定一般过去时一般现在时work一般过去时worked一般过去时worked过去完成时hadworked一般将来时willwork过去将来时wouldwork现在进行时isworking过去进行时wasworking现在完成时haveworked过去完成时hadworked\n标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?      Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?四、宾语从句的标点符号\n五、宾语从句的否定形式（否定转移）：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdon’tthinkit’sgoingtorain.Idon’tbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewon’tcome.\n六、宾语从句的简化1.当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,know,remember,forget,learnchoose，tell等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。连词+宾语从句连词+todoShedidn’tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.=Shedidn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyou’llgivetheletterto.=Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.\n2.动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如：Itseemsthatfootballisveryinteresting.=Footballseemstobeveryinteresting.足球似乎非常有趣。\n3.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信汤姆说的话。\n1．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?你想知道他什么时候回来吗？Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?\n2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that她说她她将在桌子上留一个便条。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.他说他将去照顾那个小孩。Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.你可以去问那边那个人你怎样才能到达车站？Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.\n主句从句一般将来时态一般现在时态祈使句含有情态动词Doyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome3.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：CIdon’tknowwhenhe_________(come).Ican’twaithereanymore.Whenhe_______(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes\n宾语从句三要素引导词that（陈述句）if／whether（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变七.本课小结\nTheradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey________________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_____________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_____________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeen\n6.Heaskedwhatthey_______________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_____________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)travelsaretalkingwereweredoing\n10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth__________(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho____________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhadbeenrisesdid\n将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.\n将下列句子合并为一句:5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.\n8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.