初中英语语法 代词ppt课件 46页

初中英语语法之——代词篇\n代词的分类人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词\n第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。\n1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。\n2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。\n4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。\n5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。\n6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。\n物主代词形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs\n1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。\n3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)\n4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友\n反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves\n1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题\n2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself =teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.\n不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词\n几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture-books?\n注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？\n2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.\n3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?\n4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.\nothers泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.\n5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”\n6.every/eachevery＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.\n7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.\n8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright.\neither“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.\n有关词组及应用bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。\nboth…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。\n9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?Nobodycananswerthequestion.\n指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物Thisismyshirt,that’syours.TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.\n2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.\n疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\\nWhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用WhomWithwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)\n(2008年广东省汕头市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D\n(重庆市2008年)WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours\n(重庆市2008年)—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.BothB.AllC.EitherD.Neither\n(2008年天津市)—Is_____here?—No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.everybody\nTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC\n()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC\n()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD\n()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD\n课堂达标\n11.Thisstickis____.A.himB.heC.his12.Heisalwaysreadytohelp____.A.anotherB.theotherC.others13.______isJack’saunt.A.HeB.SheC.It14.Shesentseveralcardsto____ofherfriends.A.someB.anyC.no15._____subjectsdoyouhavethisterm?A.WhichB.WhoseC.What16._____ofthemhasacomputer.A.EachB.EveryC.All17.Canyourbrotherlookafter_____?A.himselfB.himC.his\n8Whichof_____bikesisyours?A.thisB.thatC.these19._____aregoodfriends.A.You,heandIB.She,youandIC.I,youandhe20.Shehasn’tbrought_____pentoday.Willyoulendher_____?A.her,yourB.hers,yoursC.her,yours21.Very_____ofthemknewthehotel.A.fewB.littleC.afew22.Thejacketistooshort.Pleaseshowme____.A.otherB.anotherC.one23.Somecitypeoplegrowvegetables_____.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselves\n用恰当的词填空。Iamastudent._____nameisLily.Ioftenteach________English.2.Tomistooyoung.Pleaselookafter________.3.Heisfourteen._____nameisTom.Thisbookis____.Hecanlookafter_______.4.We’llgofishinglater.Wouldyouliketocomewith______?5.Lookingattheboys._____areplayinggames._______namesareMikeandBill.Theyenjoy____________.MymyselfhimHishishimselfusTheyTheirthemselves