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代词1.人称代词主格、宾格2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词3反身代词;4常见不定代词5.指示代词6.相互代词7.疑问代词。&关系代词1Thesearebooks.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine2—isshe?一Sheisateache匚AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork4Mary,helptothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5一doyougotoschooleveryday?一Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6Myskirtispopularthan.Dmore,hersAmuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,her7一CanyouspeakEnglish?一Yes,butonly.AfewBafewClittleDalittle8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof.AIBmeCmyDmine\n1[答案]B.[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。2[答案]A.[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。Whatisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而Whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为"她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3[答案]A.[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。4[答案]C.[析]helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为"你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”。5.[答案]A.[析「这题的答案是由问句决定的。6[答案]D.[析]因句屮有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7[答案]D.[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。8[答案]D.[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。[误]Henndyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.而复数时为we,you,they:We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:Heandshe如果在表示不好意思,承担责任吋,单数时用,I,he,she:you.I,heandyouhavetopayforit.复数时用They,you,we,\n一.人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格,—.物主代词1•表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。止误辨析[误]Tom'smotheristallerthan[正]Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.[析]这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高.比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:mybook.[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.[」E]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.[析]这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。所以应用it。形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymine\n单数第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.名词性励王代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和裏瓦Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere・(作主语)―IsthisEnglish-bookyours?(作表语)…No.Mineisinmybag.Fvealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?(作宾语)三.指示代词[误]一Who'sthisspeaking.一That^Mary.[止]一Who'sthatspeaking.一ThisisMary.[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而tha(指对方。[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthis-inwinter.[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,女II:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.三.指示代词包括:this,that,these,thoseo\n1・有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.2.有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.3.this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。例如:Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?三.反身代词[误]Mysetf-didityesterday.[正]Imyselfdidityesterday・[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。[谋]Takecareof-ewpselvesF[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.英语中用来表示”我自己”,”你自己”,”他自己”,”我们自己”,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,其形式如表所示。称数第一人称第二人称第三人称\n单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesYourselvesthemselves反身代词可以在句屮作宾语,表语,同位语。1.作宾语,Hecalledhimselfawriter.WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?2.作表语。Itdoesn'tmatter.Pllbemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.2.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=1washedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语)Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语)三.不定代词现将儿个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:some与any的区别some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”some接:不可数名词+单数动词;Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary,some接:可数名词+复数动词。Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.any多用于疑问彳U、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”any接:不可数名词+单数动词;any接:可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?注意:与some,any结合的词如:something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,犬致和some,any的用法相同。\nfew,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别[误]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而afew为冇一些。[误]Youhavefewfriends,haveft1tyou?[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。[误]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。1)用作形容词:含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词afew虽少,但有几个few不多,几乎没有用于不可数名词alittle,虽少,但有一点little不多,没有什么Tmgoingtobuyafewapples.Hehasfewfriends.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese・Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass・Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.注意:alittle和little也可以用作副词,alittle表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很歩兀I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnigh匚3-other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人,其他人another(boy)另一个(男孩)other(boys)其他男孩\n特定theother另一个theothers其余那些人、物theother(boy)另一个男孩theother(boys)其余那些男孩1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别的”。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“theother",表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成'one…,theother...”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some..…others…"句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.4)“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.5)anotlwr可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。EmstillhungryafterEvehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.\nevery与each的区别[误]Weeachhas-aticketfortheconcert.[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.[析]each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。each作句了主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:EachofuswantstoleamEnglishwell,[误]Every-ofushastopasstheexam.[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,在作形容词时,every则侧重于全体jfijeach既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体.[误]Everyene-ofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而everyone则可以这样用。[误]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday・[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.[析]要注意的是everyday是"每天”,而everyday则是形容词为"日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英语,everydaylife日常生活。[误]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而叭ch用于二者或二者以上的每•个。因为街道只冇两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”,毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与汕接近,表示他们都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.二AllstudentslovetheEnglishteache匚Everychildlikesplaying・\n=Allchildrenlikeplaying.all和both的用法[误]AHmyparentsareengineers.Lil:]Bothmyparentsareengineers.[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部。[误]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[析]非特指的名词前可用all,allweek,allday,allwinter・注意:非特指的名词前但不可用allof结机,「allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词,alltheyearround,[误]Theallvillagewasflooded.[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词Z前。all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。AllofuslikeMrPope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)=WealllikeMrPope.(作同位语)Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.(作主语)That'sallfortoday.(作表语)Whynoteatall(of)thefish?(作宾语)Alltheleadersarehere.(作定语)both作代词[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.[析]both在实意动词之前如:Wearebothstudents.both在be动词之后,使用时要注意:Bothofusarenotright.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为:我俩都不对。如:Ican*tgiveyoubothofthebooks.为:两本书我不能全给你,jfijIcan'tgiveyoueitherofthebooks・才为:两本书我全不能给你。\n六・相互代词三.相互代词:表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作宾语)Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?(作宾语)Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.(作定语)Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework・(作定语)[误]Thepostofficeisonethepsideofthestreet.[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,[误]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstadents?[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?[析]theothers二theotherstudents.[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,awtherisadocto匚[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.[析]another用于泛指,如:如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,贝U要用one…another•…(heothe匚或者one・・・asecond-••thethird…[误]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.[1E]Somepeoplelikesports-Otherslikereading.[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。[误]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseaehethepday.[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.[析]everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用狂,不要随意改动。\n四.用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空1.isthepopulationoftheworldtoday?2.jumpedthelongestofallinthelongjump?3.…colourisyourmother^dress?…It'sblack.4.…isyourcar?一-Theredoneinfrontofthetree.5.—ofthefollowingcanyouoftenfindonamedicinebottle?■一Iknow,sir.It,sinstruction.6.Thenecklacesheiswearingisbeautiful.7.Doyouknowthepersonlosthisbike?8.Mostpeopleliveinlessdevelopedcountriesarequitepoor.9.TheboyishelpingtheoldmanisJohn'sbrothe匚10.Peopleusecreditcardstobuythingsonlineshouldbeverycareful四・1.What2.Who3.What4.Which5.Which6.that/which7.that/who8.who/that9.who/that10.who/that三.疑问代词\n疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?(作主语)Whatisthat?(作表语)Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定语)Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语)三.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词冇who,whose,whom,that,which.例如:Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.Pmlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourlette匚Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)Mary,pleaseshowyourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me答案:D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在木题屮,动词show的后面要跟双宾语,空白处缺少一个间接宾语,所以应选me。2.(2004年北京市中考试题)一-What,sonTVtonight?Isthereinteresting?■一afraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything答案:Bo该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中,通常用anythingo3.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each答案:D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式,所以Both和Some都不对。Every不能作主语,所以只有Each合适。4.(2004年安徽省中考试题)-—Whereismypen?—Oh,sorry.Ihavetakenbymistake.\nA.yoursB.hisC・mineD.hers答案:A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景,我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的,所以选yoursc