生化复习资料(单词) 12页

Chapter1proteinstructureandfunctionproteinbiomolecularaminoacidpolaritynonpolarityhydrophobicityneutralityacidityalkalityglycine,Glyalanine,Alavaline,Valleucine,Leuisoleucine,Ilephenylalanine,Pheproline,Protryptophan,Trpserine,Sertyrosine,Tyrcysteine,Cysmethionine,Metasparagine,Asnglutamine,Glnthreonine,Thrasparticacid,Aspglutamicacid,Glulysine,Lysarginine,Arghistidine,HisbasicaminoacidacidicaminoacidpolaraminoacidneutralaminoacidSpectrophotometryAbsorbanceSpectrumUltravioletinfraredabsorptionpeakwavelengthsolubilitysidechainaminogroupguanidiniumgroupimidazolylcarboxygroupisoelectricpoint,pIpeptidepolypeptidechainpeptidebondoligopeptidepolypeptideaminoterminalcarboxylterminalresidueninhydrin/triketohydrindenehydrateiminoacidglutathione,GSH\nhydrosulfidegroup/sulfhydrylprimarystructuresecondarystructuretertiarystructurequaternarystructureα-helixβ-pleatedsheetβ-turnrandomcoilzincfingerdomainpeptideunitmotifproteindenaturemolecularchaperoneallostericeffectsubunitpositivecooperativitynegativecooperativityrenaturationproteincoagulationninhydrinreactionbiuretreactiondialysissaltprecipitationelctrophoresischromatographyprostheticgroupprionproteindisulfidehydrogenbondhydrophobicinteractionelectrostaticinteractionVanderWaalsinteractionFibrousproteinConformationalchangeGlobularproteinProteinfoldIonicbondSidechaintetramerdimmermonomeroligomerdenaturationrenaturationQuestions:1.Canyougiveanexampletoelucidatetherelationshipbetweenproteinprimarystructureandfunction?2.Canyougiveanexampletoelucidatetheproteinallostericeffect?Chapter2StructureandFunctionofNucleicAcidnucleotide\nnucleticaciddeoxyribonucleicacid,DNAribonucleicacid,RNAthechemicalcomponentbasebasepairbasepairingribosephosphatepurineadenine,Aguanine,Gpyrimidinecytosine,Curacil,Uthymine,Tribosedeoxyriboseribonucleosideribonucleotideglycosidicbondnucleosidemonophosphate,NMPnucleosidediphosphate,NDPnucleosidetriphosphate,NTPphosphodiesterlinkagepolydoxynucleotidepolynucleotidenitrogenousbasedoublehelixhistonesuperhelix/supercoilpositivesupercoilnegativesupercoilnucleosomeRNA(smallnon-messengerRNAs,snmRNAsnucleoidchromatinmessengerRNA,mRNAheterogeneousnuclearRNA,hnRNAcapsequencepoly(A)tailtransferRNA,tRNAcloverleafpatternstem-loopanticodondihydrouracilloopribosomalRNA,rRNAribosomalproteinopticaldensitymethylopticaldensity,ODTm,meltingtemperatureannealingheteroduplexrenaturationNucleasedeoxyribonuclease,DNaseribonuclease,RNaseribozyme\nDNAzymerestrictionendonucleaseexonucleasegrammoleculebasestackingaminoacidarmgrooveright-handedDNAleft-handeddoublehelixcruciformchromosomeintrastrandhydrogenbondingacceptorstemDloopanticodonloopoligonucleotidebasecomplementrityhyperchromaticeffectribozymestabilityQuestions:1.ThemainclassificationofRNAincell,andelucidatetheirfunction,respectively?2.ElucidatethedifferentbetweenDNAandRNA?3.Whatishyperchromaticeffect?Chapter3Enzymeenzymebiocatalystapoenzymecofactorsimpleenzymeconjugatedenzymemetalloenzymemetal-activatedenzymecoenzymeprostheticgroupmonomericenzymeoligomericenzymemultienzymesystemmultifunctionalenzymetandemenzymeholoenzymeessentialgroupactivecenteractivesitebindinggroupcatalyticgroupactivationenergyspecificityabsolutespecificityrelativespecificitystereospecificityinduced-fithypothesisproximityeffect\norientationarrangeKineticMichaelis-mentenequationVmax,maximumvelocityＫm,MichaelisconstantturnovernumberdoublereciprocalplotLineweaver-BurkoptimumtemperatureoptimumpHinhibitorirreversibleinhibitionreversibleinhibitioncompetitiveinhibitionnon-competitiveinhibitionuncompetitiveinhibitionactivatoressentialactivatornon-essentialactivatorregulationzymogenallostericregulationallostericenzymeallostericsiteallostericeffectorcovalentmodificationinductionrepressionisoenzymeoxidoreductasestransferaseshydrolaseslyasesisomerasesligases,synthetasesenzymecoupledassaysimmobilizedenzymeabzymesubstratecatalyticpowerreactioncatalyzedratevelocityunimolecularreactionbiomolecularreactionsecond-orderfirst-orderfreeenergyofactivationpolymerasechainreactionreversiblyassociationdissociationassumptionbindequilibriumconstantdirectionconcentrationhorizontalcoordinateverticalcoordinate\ngraphicalpatterninterpretationaffinitylactatedehydrogenase,LDHcovalentmodificationglycogenphosphorylaseligaseinitialvelocityQ1.Listsixgeneralwaysinwhichenzymeactivityiscontrolled?2.Whatisenzyme?Andelucidateitsspecificity?Chapter4MetabolismofCarbohydratescarbohydratesmonosacchrideoligosaccharidepolysaccharideglycoconjugateglucosefructosegalactoseribosemaltosesucroselactosestarchglycogencelluloseglycolipidglycoproteinglucosetransporterglycolysisglycolyticpathwaypyruvatelactatehexokinaseglucose-6-phosphate,G-6-Pglucokinasefructose-6-phosphate,F-6-P6-phosphfructokinase-1aldolasephosphotrioseisomeraseglyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenasephosphoglyceratekinasesubstratelevelphosphorylationphosphoglyceratemutaseenolasephosphoenolpyruvate,PEPpyruvatekinaseproteinkinase,PKAerobicOxidationofCarbohydrateacetylCoATricarboxylicacidCycle,TACoxaloaceticacid\ncitricacidcarboxygroup/carboxyldehydrogenationdecarboxylationcitrogenase/condensingenzymeα-ketoglutartedehydrogenasecomplexisocitratedehydrogenasepyruvatedehydrogenasedihydrolipoyltransacetylatedihydrolipoamidedehydrogenaseα-ketoglutaratesuccinylCoAfattyacidporphyrinmalicacid/appleacidmalicenzymeoxaloaceticdecarboxylasecitratecleavageenzymepyruvatecarboxylaseaepfelsaure-dehydrogenaseglutamic-oxal(o)acetictransaminase,GOT/aspartateaminotransferaserespiratorychainkeyenzymeoxidativephosphorylationadeynlatekinase;AKPastuereffectPentosePhosphatePathway3-phosphoglyceraldehyde,G3P/glyceraldehyde3-phosphatefructose-6-phosphate;lactacidogencellsap;cytochymastage;phaseG6PDhydrogenribosephosphate;ribosephosphoricacid;RPpentosephosphateshuntG6P;glucose6-phosphateketonegroupaldehydegrouptransferreactionhydrogendonorbiosynthesis;biosynthesizebioconversion/biologicaltransformationreducibilityGlycogenesisandGlycogenolysisglycogenglucosidicbond;glycosidicbondglycogenesisglucophosphomutase/glycophosphomutasehemiacetalphosphategroupuridinediphosphateglucose,UDPGglycogensynthasepyrophosphorylaseglycogenolysisphosphorylase\nlacticacidcycleglucuronate;glucuronicacidglycogenphosphorylasecovalentmodificationcascadeamplificationglucagonepinephrinedephosphorylationglycogenstoragediseasesGluconeogenesisgluconeogenicpathwaypyruvatecarboxylasesubstratecyclefutilecyclebloodglucoseacid-baseequilibriumlactosecycleinsulinoxidationglucosetolerenceglucosetolerancetest,GTThyperglycemiaglucosuriarenalglucosethresholddiabetesmellitus,DMhypoglycemiahypoglycemicshockQ1.Explainpentosephosphatepathwayandelucidatethesignification?2.Elucidatethefunctionofoxaloaceticacidinmetabolismofcarbohydrates.Chapter5MetabolismofLipidlipidtriacylglycerols,TAGtriglyceride,TGfatlipoidcholesterol,CHOLcholesterolester,CEphospholipid,PLsphingolipidsphosphoglyceridesunsaturatedfattyacidsdigestionabsorptionmicellescolipasemixedmicelleschylomicron,CMapolipoproteinmonoglycerideDG;diacylglycerolhormone-sensitivetriglyceridelipase,\nHSLlipolytichormonesacyl-CoAsynthetaseketonebody,acetonebodyactivationenergy-richphosphatebondhexadecanoicacidhydrationthiolysisperoxisomepropanoicacidcarboxylaseracemasemutaseacetoacetateβ-hydroxybutyrateacetonehydroxybutyricacidovereatingstarvationmalonylCoAacyl-CoAcarnitineacyltransferasepalmiticacidcitratepyruvatecycleacetylCoAcarboxylaserate-limitingenzymebiotinEscherichiacolifattyacylgroupthioesteraseacylcarrierprotein,ACPphosphopantetheinethioethylamineProstaglandin,PGthromboxane,TXleukotrienes,LT5-HPETE,5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoicacidPhospholipidglycerolphosphatidephosphatidylinositolcephalinphosphatidylserinelecithincardiolipinphospholipidexchangeproteinsphospholipase,PLAsphingosineCholesterolcortisol,hydrocortisonebileacidlipoproteinchylomicron,CMverylowdensitylipoprotein,VLDLlowdensitylipoprotein,LDLhighdensitylipoprotein,HDLapolipoprotein,apochylomicronlipoproteinlipase/LPLverylowdensitylipoprotein,VLDL\nlowdensitylipoprotein,LDLscavengerreceptor,SRhighdensitylipoprotein,HDLreversecholesteroltransport,RCTATP-bindingcassetletransporterA1cholesterol-effluxregulatoryprotein,CERPmotifhyperlipoproteinemiahereditarydefectcholineheparinLDLreceptorChylomicronQ1.Whatisapolipoproteinandthemainfunction?2.whatistheclassificationoflipaseandtheirfunction?3.Elucidatethefunctionsandcharacteristicoftriglyerideinenergymetabolism?Chapter6BiologicalOxidationrespiratorychainelectrontransferchaincomplexubiquinoneiron-sulfurproteincytochromeoxidativephosphorylationsubstratelevelphosphorylationchemiosmotichypothesisuncouplingagentsoligomycinrespiratorycontrolratio,RCRmitochondrion,mitochondria(复)creatinekinasephosphocreatinetransporterpermeabilityα-glycerophosphateshuttlemalate-asparateshuttleadeninenucleotidetransportertransmembranetransportcatalaseperioxidasesuperoxidedismutasemonoxygenasemixed-functionoxidasehydroxylasesolubilityhydrogendonorP/Oratiooligomycinsensitivityconferringprotein,OSCP\nQ1.HowtounderstandthattheATPisthecenterofenergymetabolism?2.Whatishydrogendonorandelectrondonor?3.Whatisoxidativephosphorylation?Andtrytoelucidatethemechanism?Chapter7MetabolismofAminoAcidsnitrogenbalanceessentialaminoacidnutritionvaluecomplementationdigestionabsorptionputrefactionpepsinogenpepsinendopeptidaseexopeptidaseoligopeptidaseenterokinasetrypsinexopeptidasecarboxypeptidaseelastaseaminopeptidasedipeptidaseγ-glutamylcycleputrefactionaminesfalseneurotransmitterammoniahalf-lifeproteinturnovercathepsinubiquitinubiquitinationproteasomemetabolicpooltransaminationtransaminaseureabloodammoniaalanine-glucosecycleornithinecycleureacycleKrebs-HenseleitcyclecarbamoylphosphatesynthetaseⅠ,CPS-Ⅰcitrullineornithinecarbamoyltransferase,OCTenergy-richphosphatebondhyperammonemiaammoniapoisoningdecarboxylation\nγ-aminobutyricacid,GABAtaurinehistaminevasodilator5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HTpolyaminesonecarbonunitmethylmethylenemethenylformylformiminotetrahydrofolicacid,THFA,FH4methioninecyclecreatininesulfate;sulphatecatecholaminemelaninphenylkeronuria,PKUbranchedchainaminoacidnitricoxidesynthase;NOSQ1.Whatisornithinecycle?Elucidatetheprocessandphysiologicalfunctions.2.Elucidatethepathwayofaminoacidsmetabolism?3.Elucidatethepathwayofsynthesisofurea?Chapter8MetabolismofNucleotidesnucleoside